HOW TO PARAPHRASE EFFECTIVELY

HIGHER SCRORE

Written by THANH LOAN IELTS trainer

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Nh cc bn bit, trong tiu ch chm im ca chng ta cho phn Writing, tiu ch s

dng t vng chng ta c mt yu cu cc k quan trng t im cao chnh t
paraphrasing. Vy paraphrasing l g v lm th no paraphrase? Cc bn cng c
bi chia s ngy hm nay nh trong mnh s chia s vi cc bn IELTS learners cch
paraphrase v a v d minh ha.
1.Paraphrasing l g?
Paraphrasing l vic bn vit mt cu mi c ngha tng t vi cu c nhng thay i
v t vng, ng php hay cch din t. Ngy xa khi bn hc ph thng, paraphrasing
chnh l vic cc bn hon thnh bi tp rewrite these following sentences. y l k
nng cc k quan trng v n th hin cho ngi c rng vn t vng v cch din t
ca bn cc k phong ph v trnh c li lp t, lp . Quan trng hn na,
paraphrasing xut hin trong tt c cc k nng trong bi test IELTS.

Trong IELTS Writing

y l k nng i hi bn phi paraphrase nhiu nht. Bn phi x l thng tin bng t
vng v cch din t ca ring mnh. Nu bn s dng li y nguyn nhng t vng hay
cu m bi cung cp qu nhiu, bn s c im rt hn ch v lexical resource.

Trong IELTS Speaking

Tng t nh trong phn Writing, Speaking cng yu cu ngi ni s dng ngn ng
ca mnh paraphrase cu hi ch khng nn s dng li y nguyn t vng trong cu
hi. V d gim kho hi bn do you like reading? Bn khng nn tr li Yes, I like
reading, thay vo hy ni Yes, I am really keen on reading v gii thch thm v
sao mnh thch c.

Trong IELTS Reading

Nguyn tc chnh to ra cu hi ca phn Reading chnh l paraphrasing. Ch yu
examiners s lm kh bn bng cch s dng cc t ng ngha gia bi c v cu hi,
v ngi c s cn tm ra cc t ng ngha hay cch din t tng ng ny c
p n cho bi ca mnh.
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Trong IELTS Listening

Khng bao gi bi nghe ni bng ng nhng t c trong t booklet u m lun lun
l paraphrase.
2. Lm th no paraphrase?
a. Paraphrase bng t ng ngha

Th no l synonyms?
T ng ngha (synonyms) l nhng t c ngha ging hay tng ng nhau nn vic
dng chng trong cng mt ng cnh (context) thng khng lm thay i ni dung cu,
nu c th cng rt t. V vy ngi ta thng dng cc t ng ngha thay th nhau
nhm trnh lp t.

S dng synonyms paraphrase nh th no?

V d 1: Loan is beautiful, so many boys love her.
Bc 1: c hiu ngha ca cu v gch chn cc t keywords
Cu trn c ngha l Loan rt xinh nn c nhiu ngi yu, cc t keywords l beautiful
-many boys love. Loan tuy cng l 1 keyword nhng khng c lit k y v
nhng tn ring nh vy khng c t ng ngha.
Bc 2: Tm synonyms cho cc t keywords ny
Beautiful = attractive = good-looking = gorgeous
Many = a number of = a great deal of = an array of
Boys = men = males = people in the opposite gender
Love = be in love with = fall in love with
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Bc 3: Lp ghp cc t vo cu + thay i ng php nu cn thit

Loan is attractive, so a number of men fall in love with her.
V du 2: Using renewable sources could stop people from destroying the rainforests
Bc 1:
S dng cc nng lng ti to c th ngn cn s php hy rng nhit i
Bc 2:
Renewable c th thay th bng alternative mc d alternative mang ngha rng hn (bao
gm c nuclear energy) nn mnh a ra mt s v d ca renewable sources nh gi hay
nng lng mt tri
Stop = prevent/deter somebody from doing something
Bc 3:
The use of alternative sources such as solar energy or wind power can deter people from
demaging the rainforests.
Ch : C nhng t l t ng ngha vi nhau nhng khng th thay th 100% cho nhau
nn cc bn cn ch khi s dng nh. Tt nht l nn c mt ngi ng hnh gii hn
mnh hng dn v chnh sa nhng li sai.
V d: People nowadays are richer than before.
Cc bn c th bit n mt s t bng t rich nh affluent, well-off,
prosperous....nhng cn ch s khc bit gia cc t ny nh . y l nhng t
synonyms m cc bn c th tm thy trong t in oxford (pha bn di mnh s chia s
v t in ny nh )

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Vy khi nhn vo y, chng ta ch c th s dng t wealthy hay affluent cho t

rich ch k th s dng well-off hay properous nh . Vy cu trn c th c vit li
l
People nowadays are richer than before.
Currently, many people become more affluent than in the past.

b. Paraphrase bng cch thay i word order

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Thay i trt t t trong mt cu cng l cch rt hiu qu cc bn c th paraphrase,

nhng s thay i v trt t t chc chn s ko theo s thay i v mt ng php ca
cu. Chnh v vy, c bn ch nn thay i trt t t trong mt cu khi cc bn chc chn
100% v s thay i ng php i km vi n. Chng ta c mt s cch thay i trt
t t trong 1 cu nh sau:
- i vi cc cu c hai mnh tr ln, cc bn c th i v tr hai mnh .
Rt nhiu cu compound or complex sentences c to bi hai mnh tr ln, v gia
hai mnh ny bao gi cng c nhng t ni th hin mi quan h gia chng. Vy nn
chng ta c th o v tr ca cc mnh , nhng t hn s ko theo s thay i v t
ni.
Mnh c th chia s mt vi cu trc in hnh vi cc bn nh sau:
Mi quan h nguyn nhn kt qu
Because + Clause (reason), Clause (result).
= Clause (reason), so Clause (result).
= Clause (result), for Clause (reason).
= Clause (result) since/ as/ because Clause (reason).
Mi quan h tng phn, i lp
Clause 1, but clause 2
Clause 2 though/while/ whereas/ even though + clause 1

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Though/while/ whereas/ even though + clause 1, clause 2

Mi quan h iu kin
If clause 1, Clause 2
Clause 2 if clause 2
Vy da trn mt s mi quan h chnh v t ni m mnh cp trn, khi vit
chng ta c th d dng thay i v tr ca cc mnh trong 1 cu m vn m bo gi
nguyn ngha ca cu.
V d 3:
1. Because going to by bike does not harm the environment like other forms of
transport, many people choose to go by bike
i v tr ca cc mnh no.
2. Many people choose to go by bike since it does not harm the environment like other
forms of transport.
Tuy nhin khi mnh dng li y, cc bn c th thy cu 1 v cu 2 ca mnh cha c
qu nhiu s thay i v cht lng cu v t vng cn hon ton lp li nhau, vy nn
mnh li tip tc p dng cch paraphrase bng t ng ngha ci thin cht lng cu.
3. Many people choose to commute by bike since cycling is more environmentally
friendly than other forms of transport
S dng t out of ( = because of) thay th cho t since no
4. Many people make a choice to commute by bike out of the beneficial impacts of
cycling on the environment outweighing other forms of transport.
V d 4:
1. Although the use of cars can pollute the environment, people still use them.
i v tr ca mnh trong cu no.
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2. People still use them cars though the use of them can pollute the environment
cu trn ang mang tnh tuyt i ha khi n s dng t people m bi essay hon ton
l quan im c nhn ca ngi vit mnh add thm t many trnh absolute
statement nh. V sau mnh cng s dng t ng ngha nng cp cu, trnh lp t
use
3. Many people still travel by car though the use of them is often held responsible for
environmental pollution.
S dng t despite thay cho t though mnh pha sau though phi chuyn
thnh cm danh t no.
4. Many people still travel by car despite its detrimental effects on environmental
pollution.
- Vi cu c nhiu danh t, c th a cc danh t gia cu ln u cu lm ch
ng.
C rt nhiu cu cha nhiu danh t hoc cm danh t ng cc chc nng khc nhng
trong cu nh trng ng, tn ng, .nn khi cc bn mun paraphrase 1 cu, cc bn
cng c th chuyn mt trong cc danh t ny ln u cu lm ch ng cho cu nh. Tuy
nhin cc lm ny chc chn s ko theo s thay i v mt ng php nh nn chng ta
ch thc hin khi chc chn rng cu ng. Nu bn ang luyn tp nh, bn nn tra
li t trong t in ng tin cy hoc hi li thy c ca mnh nh.
V d 5:
1. Obesity among children is a serious problem of many countries in the world.
Cu hin ti ang c 4 cm danh t: obesity, children, a serious peoblem, many countries
in the world. Cc bn c th a mt trong s nhng danh t ny ln lm ch ng ca
cu.
y danh t a serious problem ln lm ch ng.

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2. A serious problem that many countries in the world are suffering is obesity among
children.
y danh t many countries in the world ln lm ch ng.
3. Many countries in the world are suffering obesity among children.
Thay th cc t trong cu gc bng cc t ng ngha, nng cao cht lng cu.
4. A number of nations over the world are encountering a profound issue that is
childhood obesity

c. Paraphrase bng cch thay i word form

Cch s 3 paraphrase m mnh mun chia s vi cc bn l cch bin i dng t.

Tc l cc bn c th bin cc danh t trong cu thnh ng t, tnh t, trng t hoc
ngc li.
V d 6:
1. When people overeat fast food, they can become obese
Bin 'ng t overeat thnh danh t overeating. Bin tnh t obese thnh danh t
obesity
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2. The over-eating of junk food can lead to obesity

S dng t ng ngha.
3. Obesity is one of the consequences of the overconsumption of junk food
V d 7:
1. There are a lot of reasons why people should change their jobs frequently
Bin ng t change thnh danh t, adv frequently thnh tnh t b sung ngha cho
t changes
2. There are a lot of reasons why people should make frequent changes in their jobs
S dng t ng ngha v hon i v tr ca t kt hp vi vic bin V+Adv thnh
adj+N to thnh cu mi
3. Many people advocate frequent changes in occupations because of a number of
reasons.
d. Paraphrase bng cch chuyn th ch ng thnh b ng v ngc li
Cch chuyn i th ca cu ch s dng trong trng hp
cu gc c cu to theo cu trc S + V + O, tc ng t
ca cu phi l ngoi ng t .
C rt nhiu cu c cu tao theo structure nh trn nhng
khng nn c vit th b ng v ngha ca cu khng
hp l. Ngc li, c mt s cu nn mc nh th passive
v chng ta khng quan tm n ai l ngi thc hin hnh
ng.
V d 8:
1. There are some reasons why the governement should ban smoking
Chuyn sang cu b ng trc nh
2. There are some reasons why smoking should be banned
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Thay i word form bin t ng t thnh danh t ny.

3. There are some reasons why a ban on smoking should be imposed in public
places.
Thm mt s v d cu tr nn y v r rng hn nh .
4. There are some reasons why a ban on smoking should be imposed in public places
such as hospitals or movie theaters.
3. Ti sao bn thy paraphrasing kh?

Thiu t vng
y l l do hng u v bn khng c cc t ng ngha vi cc t keywords, cc bn s
khng th paraphrase c. Vy gii quyt nh th no?
Cc bn hy tm cc t ng m mnh cn trong hai trang t in sau:
http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/
http://www.thesaurus.com/
Sau khi tra t in v vit cu, hy note cc t vng ng ngha ny vo 1 cun s nh
v s dng cc ln sau nh. Vi ln u tin s dng cc t ng ngha ny, cc bn s
gp nhiu kh khn nhng vi ln s 2 s 3, cc t ny s tr nn quen thuc hn vi bn
v d dng s dng hn.

Khng chc v mt ng php

Nu bn ang trong phng thi, ng vit iu g m mnh cha chc chn. Nu cha
chc chn v ng php, trong qu trnh luyn tp bn c th check li im ng php
tng tnh chnh xc v kin thc cho mnh. S rt tt nu bn c th c mt ngi gii
hn mnh v correct cho mnh nhng li trong bi vit, cn khi chn lp hc, hy chc
chn rng gio vin ca bn thng xuyn gip bn correct bi vit. Nhng nu trong
phng thi, ng vit hay s dng ci g m bn cha chc chn!

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LU : Cc phng php ny khng s dng ring l ri rc m thng s kt hp vi

nhau nhun nhuyn. Trong 4 cch trn, cch quan trng v lun lun phi s dng l t
ng ngha. Vy nn cc bn hy ch tch ly t vng cho mnh nh!
l nhng chia s ca mnh v bn cch bn c th paraphrase mt cu c bit trong
phn Writing task 2. Mong rng nhng chia s trn hu ch vi cc bn v gip cc bn
pht trin k nng writing ca mnh nh.
Nu cc bn thy bi chia s y v hu ch, or bi chia s cn bt k thiu st no,
hy gi li FEEDBACK cho mnh nh. Mi nhn xt gp hay n gin l LIKE v
SHARE ca bn s l s c v rt ln cho mnh, v ln sau s share cng vi c nh
nhiu hn nh!

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