11/15/2016

ShuntReactorUsedInHVandEHVSystems|EEP

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ShuntReactorUsedInHVandEHVSystems

345kV Shunt Reactor and Associated Primary

Equipment (photo by J.F. Contracting Co.)
Main Power System parameters are System Voltages and Frequency which normally indicate the healthiness
level (they indicate the level of Generated active and reactive Powers against the load power requirement).
In a healthy system, Voltage and frequency are close to the rated system values.
Increased active and reactive power load tends to decrease the system frequency and voltage levels
respectively. It then becomes essential to generate additional active and reactive power. Synchronous
Generators respond to the demand by means of Governor/AVR control systems.
In order to preserve MVA capability of Generators (stator thermal limit) it is preferred to have reactive
load support from other sources of reactive power like fixed Capacitor banks or other FACTS .
Shunt Reactors are Inductive device commonly used in HV and EHV Systems for compensating the excess
capacitive VArs in a power system.
Due to their inductive nature of the Shunt Reactor, it is used whenever there is need for compensation of
capacitive reactance. Power System loads are predominantly inductive in nature and Capacitor banks are
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ShuntReactorUsedInHVandEHVSystems|EEP

used to compensate for the inductive loads. During system light load condition, often voltages increase
beyond the normal operating levels and such a condition demands additional inductive loads to maintain
system voltage levels within the normal range.
Generators have limited capacity with regard to under and over excitation operation. Typical Generators
have rated power factor (pf) of between 0.8 to 0.85 (lead and lag) at rated MVA. At different MVA
loading, Synchronous Generators can be operated within its limit of stability, stator/rotor thermal capacity
as over and under-excited.
These limiting values of under and over excitation are given as Generator capability curves by the
Generator Manufacturer.
As mentioned above, during light load condition there is risk of system instability due to generated VAr
larger than system can absorb. When system VAr generation is higher than the required VAr load,
Generators tend to go to under-excitation. Under excitation limit of AVR is used to prevent level of
under- excitation below stability limit.
Voltage rise due to increased total system generated VAr is dependent on the source impedance of the
system. Source impedances are inductive in nature and weaker system has larger inductive reactance. It is
known that inductive reactance and capacitive reactance are opposite in sign.

Figure 1 - Shunt reactor application in power systems

Thus result in Voltage rise in percentage as per equation:

%V = MVar (Capacitive) / MVA (system short-circuit) x 100

In Figure 1 above, three different Shunt Compensations are shown namely:
By Line connected Shunt Reactors (Pos. 2)
Bus connected Shunt Reactors (Pos. 1)
Shunt Reactor connected on Transformer Tertiary side bus (Pos. 3)
Resource: Unknown

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Edvard Csanyi
Edvard - Electrical engineer, programmer and founder of EEP. Highly specialized
for design of LV high power busbar trunking (<6300A) in power substations,
buildings and industry fascilities. Designing of LV/MV switchgears.Professional in
AutoCAD programming and web-design.Present on Google+
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