Describe About Lyocell?

Introduction
Lyocell is the first in a new generation of cellulosic fibers made by a solvent spinning process. A
major driving force to its development was the demand for a process that was environmentally
responsible and utilized renewable resources as their raw materials. The first samples were
produced in 1984and commercial production started in 1988. A wide range of attractive textile
fabrics can be made from lyocell that are comfortable to wear and have good physical
performance. This physical performance combined with its absorbency also makes lyocell ideal
for nonwoven fabrics and papers. The cellulose fibers produced by direct dissolution have the
generic name of Lyocell. Cellulose is one of the most abundant natural resources on earth, and
there has been extensive research on the films, plastics, and fibers from this material.

Raw Materials for lyocell Fiber

The Properties of Lyocell:

Stronger than any other cellulosic fibers, especially when wet

Easy to process into yarns and fabrics alone or in blends

Easy to blend (unique fiber presentation)

Easy to spin to fine count yarns

Very stable in washing and drying

Thermally stable

Easy to dye to deep vibrant colors

Capable of taking the latest finishing techniques to give unique drape

Comfortable to wear

Dyeing and finishing:

The dyeing and finishing of lyocell fabrics is the key to their success. There are three fibers that
can be manipulated to give fabrics with attractive and differentiated aesthetics the ease, of high
nodules and the wet swelling characteristics. Fibrillation can yield the characteristic peach skin
effect surface touch of fabrics made from this fiber, but wanted and uncontrolled fibrillation can
also impair the fabric quality much of the dyeing and finishing. A lyocell is a cellulosic fiber it
can be dyed with colors normally used on cotton. Compared with cotton, lyocell, except with a
few reactive and vat and a number of direct dyes (pale shades), dyes to a heavier depth by
exhaust techniques and therefore many shades can be attained at lower cost, particularly with
reactive dyes.

Why rayon is called Viscose fiber?

Rayon:
Rayon is a manufactured regenerated cellulose fiber. Because it is produced from naturally
occurring polymers, it is neither a truly synthetic fiber nor a natural fiber; it is a semi-synthetic or
artificial fiber. Rayon is known by the names Viscose rayon and artificial silk in the textile
industry. It usually has a high luster quality giving it a bright sheen. Viscose. Viscose is both a
semi-synthetic fiber, formerly called viscose rayon, or rayon and a solution of cellulose xanthate.
The latter is produced by treating dissolving pulp with aqueous sodium hydroxide and carbon
disulfide which is used to spin the viscose rayon fiber.

Rayon was the first manufactured fiber. The term rayon was officially adopted by the textile
industry. Unlike most manmade fibers rayon is not synthetic. It is made from wood pulp, a
naturally occurring, cellulose based material. As a result rayon properties are most similar to
those of natural cellulosic fibers. Such as cotton or linen, than those of thermoplastic, petroleum
based synthetic fibers such as nylon or polyester. The cellulose extracted from the trees is mixed
with sodium hydroxide and other chemicals to extrude what we know as the rayon fiber.

How Acrylic Fiber contain?

Acrylic Fiber:
A manufactured fiber in which the fiber forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer
composed of at least 85% by weight of acrylonitrile units [-CH2-CH(CN)-] Acrylic fibers are
produced by two basic methods of spinning dry and wet. In the dry spinning method material to
be spun is
dissolved is a
fiber
Moisture regain
Moisture content
solvent. After
extrusion through
the spinneret the
solvent is
Acrylic 1.5
0
evaporated
producing
continuous
filaments which
later may be cut into staple, if desired. In wet spinning the spinning solution is extruded into a
liquid coagulating bath to form filaments which are drawn, dried, and processed.

Acrylic Fiber Contain Moisture:

Moisture is transported in textiles through capillary action or wicking. In textiles the spaces
between the fibers effectively form tubes which act as capillaries and transport the liquid away
from the surface. As a rule, the narrower the spaces between the fibers in a fabric the more
effectively they will draw up moisture. For this reason, fabrics with many narrow capillaries such
as microfibers are ideal for moisture transport. Another factor which affects moisture
management is absorbency. However, while greater absorbency increases the ability for moisture
to be drawn into the fabric the tendency of absorbent fibers to retain such moisture affects
comfort levels as the garment becomes saturated. It has been shown that fabrics which wick

moisture rapidly through the fabric while absorbing little water help to regulate body temperature
improve muscle performance and delay exhaustion.
The dhemisp here is the air space between human skin and clothing. Whatever may be the air
temperature or in whatever activity a wearer may be engaged the type of fibers and the
construction of the fabric wholly affects the state of his hemisphere. The type of fibers and
construction of the fabric directly affect the climate in one's hemisphere and determine how
comfortable or uncomfortable one is regardless of the air temperature or activity in which the
engaged.
Due to its greater wicking ability acrylic fibers pick up the moisture, formed primarily due to
sweating and transport it to the garment's outer surface from where the moisture evaporates.
Thus the skin remains dry and the wearer feels comfortable. On the contrary, if someone is
wearing a garment made of a fabric which is not effective in absorbing moisture he will
definitely feel uncomfortable due to the damp skin. Thus acrylic fabric is a good moisture
management fabric.