Precast bridges

Design for Time Dependant Effects

Naples 2006, The Second FIB Congress

Precast Bridges:
Design for Time Dependant Effects

Camara, Jos Associated Professor at Instituto Superior Tcnico, Lisbon

Hiplito, Antnio Msc in Structural Engineering, Project Dept. Manager at
Mota-Engil, Lisbon
Camara, J.; Hiplito, A.

Naples2006/06

Precast bridges
Design for Time Dependant Effects

Objectives
1.

Present a mathematical tool to take into account time

effects in a simply and rational way

2.

Study the influence of prestress layout on structural

behaviour and economy

3.

Study the influence of construction procedure on the

prestress value

Camara, J.; Hiplito, A.

Naples2006/06

1. Mathematical Tool
Basis

Long Time Analysis

Structural System 1

Usual Formula

Precast bridges
Design for Time Dependant Effects

S = S1 +

(S 2 S1 )
1 +

1 = 1 (t, t0) - 1 (t1, t0)

[1 + (')1 ]ef = [1 + (')1 ]

Proposed Formula

Structural System 2

E1,t0
E1,t1

Efforts

1'
M = M1 +
M M
[1 + (')1 ]ef 2 1

Stresses

1'
= 1,i +

[1 + (')1 ]ef 2,i 1,i

Curvatures

1
1
'
' 1
= 1 + 1,0 + 1
R
R 1
R 2

Deformations

= 1 + 1' ,0 1 + 1' 2

Camara, J.; Hiplito, A.

Naples2006/06

2.1. Case Study: Base solution

Precast bridges
Design for Time Dependant Effects

Longitudinal Geometry

Camara, J.; Hiplito, A.

Naples2006/06

2.1. Case Study: Base Solution

Precast bridges
Design for Time Dependant Effects

Transversal Geometry

Beam selected for the study

Camara, J.; Hiplito, A.

Naples2006/06

2.1. Case Study: Base Solution

Construction Procedure

Precast bridges
Design for Time Dependant Effects

Longitudinal structural system

Span section

Support section

Phase 1: Positioning of the prefabricated beams

and phase 2: Execution of the beams connection giving continuity to the system.

Phase 3: Concreting of the top slab for 6.0m to each side of the supports

Phase 4: Execution of the remaining slab deck

Phase 5: Finalising the bridge deck (non structural elements).

Camara, J.; Hiplito, A.

Naples2006/06

2.2. Cable Layout Study

Effective prestress strand number
70

Smaller Prestress Value

50
40
N

Precast bridges
Design for Time Dependant Effects

60

30
20
10

0,00

Bigger Sheave Lengths

26,00

61,00

0,0

10,0

20,0
Supports

Camara, J.; Hiplito, A.

30,0
Base solution

40,0

50,0

60,0

70,0

Cable layout modification

Naples2006/06

2.2. Cable Layout Study

Base Solution

Bottom Beam Fiber Stresses (kPa)

6000

fctm = 3800

4000

Precast bridges
Design for Time Dependant Effects

2000

0,00

26,00

61,00

96,00

122,00

0
-2000

0,00

20,00

40,00

60,00

80,00

100,00

120,00

-4000
-6000
-8000
-10000
-12000
-14000
-16000
-18000
Supports

Camara, J.; Hiplito, A.

ENVE min

ENVE max

fctm

Naples2006/06

2.2. Cable Layout Study

Modified Solution

Bottom Beam Fiber Stresses (kPa)

Stresses Control

6000

fctm = 3800

4000

Precast bridges
Design for Time Dependant Effects

2000

0,00

26,00

61,00

96,00

122,00

0
-2000

0,00

20,00

40,00

60,00

80,00

100,00

120,00

-4000
-6000
-8000
-10000

Less variation in time

-12000

Less sensible to variations of

time dependant parameters

-14000
-16000
-18000
Apoios

Camara, J.; Hiplito, A.

Service - min

Service - max

fctm

Naples2006/06

2.3. Construction Procedure Study

Case C

Precast bridges
Design for Time Dependant Effects

Position of the pre-slabs, 0.10m thick, while in a simple

supported system
Complementary concrete as in the base solution

Case D

Slab deck totally built on a simple supported system

Both cases with increased sheave lengths

Camara, J.; Hiplito, A.

Naples2006/06

2.4. Results

Precast bridges
Design for Time Dependant Effects

Long Term Prestress

A
B
C
D

P [kN]

P/PB

8950
8030
8950
10800

111.5%
100.0%
111.5%
134.5%

A: Base solution
B: Base solution + increased sheaves
C: Increased sheaves + precast slabs over simply supported system
D: Increased sheaves + slab deck over simply supported system

Camara, J.; Hiplito, A.

Naples2006/06

Precast bridges
Design for Time Dependant Effects

Conclusions

The mathematical tool presented, gives a very rational

and feasible procedure for structural behaviour
evaluation

Careful design of cable layout, particularly sheave

lengths, can grant better structural behaviour and
economy

Construction procedure can influence significantly the

prestress values

For the type of structures studied, beam continuity

during construction, is favourable for the prestress
value

Camara, J.; Hiplito, A.

Naples2006/06

Precast bridges
Design for Time Dependant Effects

Naples 2006, The Second FIB Congress

Precast Bridges:
Design for Time Dependant Effects

Thank you for your time

Camara, J.; Hiplito, A.

Naples2006/06

1. Mathematical Tool

Precast bridges
Design for Time Dependant Effects

Basis of Formulation
Ec
1+

Aging Coefficient Method:

E c,adj =

Known simplified formula:

S = S1 +

(S 2 S1)
1 +

Proposed Formula
Efforts

1'
M = M1 +
M M
[1 + (')1 ]ef 2 1

Stresses

1'
= 1,i +

[1 + (')1 ]ef 2,i 1,i

Curvatures

1
1
'
' 1
= 1 + 1,0 + 1
R
R 1
R 2

Deformations

= 1 + 1' ,0 1 + 1' 2

Camara, J.; Hiplito, A.

Scales creeps
influence

)
)

[1 + (')1 ]ef = [1 + (')1 ]

k hom =

E1,t0
E1,t1

E c,t1,aj
E1,t1,aj

Naples2006/06