Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Priela, Jan Andre T.; Sacular, Ehdielyn C.; Sollestre, Louisiana P.; Soriano, Marttin Jacob P.; Tan,
Cayle Lester S.
Group No. 7: 2IMT
12 September 2016
Mesias, Justin; Simbulan, Kristan
Introduction
The resultant of a system of forces is the vector
sum of the individual forces which make up this
system. This is the single force which produces the
same effect as the given system of forces. It is equal
in magnitude and opposite in direction to the
equilibrant of that system of forces. The objective of
this experiment is to use the force table to
experimentally determine the force which balances
two other forces by directly measuring the
equilibrant. The experimental result will be
compared with the theoretical predictions by adding
the two forces using their components.
Theory
A scalar is a physical quantity that possesses
magnitude only. Examples of scalar quantities are
mass, time density, and temperature. A vector is a
quantity that possesses both magnitude and direction;
examples of vector quantities are velocity,
acceleration and force. A vector can be represented
by an arrow pointing in the direction of the vector,
the length of the line should be proportional to the
magnitude of the vector.
Vectors can be added either graphically or
analytically. The sum or resultant of two or more
vectors is a single vector which produces the same
effect. For example, if two or more forces act at a
certain point, their resultant is that force which, if
applied at that point, has the same effect as the two
separate forces acting together. The equilibrant is
defined as the force equal and opposite to the
resultant. The resultant can be determine by using
experimental or component method.
Experimental Method: Two forces are applied
on the force table by using masses over pulleys
positioned at certain angles. Then the angle and mass
hung over a third pulley are adjusted until it balances
the other two forces. This third force is called the
- F FR FA FB
FR F
E
R
FFBB
FA
FA
FE
F
E
Figure 1. The equilibrant balances the resultant
Component Method: Two forces are added
together by adding the x- and y-components of the
forces. First the two forces are broken into their xand y-components using trigonometry:
FA Ax x Ay y and FB Bx x B y y
FA and FB , the
2. To determine the sum of
components are added to get the components of the
resultant FR .
F2
1.5582 N
145
FR ( Ax Bx ) x ( Ay By ) y Rx x Ry y
F2
F3
1.5582 N
1.22206 N
145
266
F1
F3
1.37494 N
1.22206 N
17
266
FR Rx2 R y2
and using trigonometry gives the angle:
tan
Ry
Rx
Methodology
The force table is a circular platform mounted
on a tripod stand. The three legs of the tripod have
adjustable screws that can be used to level the
circular platform. The circular platform has angle
markings, in degrees, on its surface. Two or more
pulleys can be clamped at any location along the
edge of the platform. Three strings are attached to a
central ring and then each string is passed over a
pulley. Masses are added to the other end of the
strings. The hanging masses produced a tension force
in each string. The masses are directly proportional
to the gravitational force. The tension force in each
string is equal to the gravitational force. The angle
for the third pulley and the mass were determined by
trial and error. When the forces are balanced, the ring
positioned at the exact center of the table. In reading
the angles, x-axis was assumed to be from the 180
mark to the 0 mark, with 0 being the
positive x direction, and the y-axis to be from the
270 mark to the 90 mark with 90 being the
positive y direction. See Fig. 3.
F1
F2
F1
Fi
Magnitude
Direction
F1
1.37494 N
17
F2
F3
F3
Magnitude
Direction
FA
1.22206 N
266
FB
1.37494 N
17
FC
1.5582 N
145
Fc
1.477 N
Direction
88.276
193.43
326.407
FA Ax x Ay y and FB Bx x B y y .
tan
Ry
Rx
A=2000 N at 0
B=1500 N at
60
C=1000 N at
150
D=3800 N at
225
2000
750
-866.03
-2687.01
0
1299.04
500
-2687.01
-803.04
-887.97
Polar(-803.04,-887.97)
R=1197.23
=-132.13+360
=227.87
Reference
Component Method of Physics. Retrieved from
https://www.reference.com/science/component-method-ph
ysics-df8cb779c549f714#
Concurrent Forces. Retrieved from
http://mypages.iit.edu/~krawczyk/phdsza/02conc.htm
Equilibrium. Retrieved from
http://www.studyphysics.ca/newnotes/20/unit01_kinematic
sdynamics/chp06_vectors/lesson24.htm
Finding the Components of a Vector. Retrieved from
http://zonalandeducation.com/mstm/physics/mechanics/vec
tors/findingComponents/findingComponents.htm
Magnitude in Physics. Retrieved from
https://www.reference.com/science/magnitude-physics-457
1d2c7f78e88f2
Scalars and Vectors. Retrieved from
http://www.phys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/PHYS21132-SP15/lect
ures/Vectors.pdf
Vector Addition. Retrieved from
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/vectors/Lesson-1/
Vector-Addition
Vectors and Direction. Retrieved from
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/vectors/Lesson-1/
Vectors-and-Direction