Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Transformers
Ekkarach Wannapring and Cattareeya Suwanasri
Thanapong Suwanasri
I.
INTRODUCTION
85
60
40
13
20
0
H2
CH4
C2H6
C2H4
C2H2
C0
60
80
60
30
40
20
0
H2
CH4
C2H6
C2H4
0
C2H2
C0
Fig. 3. Key gas: Acetylene (C2H2). The least desirable evidence to be found.
It nearly always indicates the symptom of an electrical arcing in the oil.
80
63
60
40
20
H2
16
19
CH4
C2H6
C2H4
C2H2
C0
Fig. 4. Key gas: Ethylene (C2H4). Thermal degradation of the oil will
produce this gas.
92
80
60
Fig. 2. Key gas: Hydrogen (H2). Large quantities associated with corona
(partial discharge) conditions.
40
20
H2
CH4
C2H6
C2H4
C2H2
C0
Fig. 5. Key gas: Carbon monoxide (CO). Themal aging of the paper will
produce this gas.
b.
d.
Table III, show Rogers ratio [1] by the use of three gas
ratios as C2H2/C2H4, CH4/H2 and C2H4/ C2H6 to indicate four
possible faults diagnosis as normal unit, low energy density
and arcing PD, arcing high energy discharge, and low
temperature thermal.
TABLE III.
R2
C 2H2/ C2H4
<0.1
R1
CH4/ H2
>0.1 to 1.0
R5
C2H4/ C 2H6
<1.0
<0.1
<0.1
<1.0
Case
H2
CH4
C2H2
C2H4
C2H6
CO
CO2
TDCG
100
120
50
65
350
2500
720
0.1 to 0.3
0.1 to 1.0
>3.0
101700
7011800
121400
4011000
66100
101150
351570
5711400
25004000
400110 000
7211920
19214630
<0.1
>0.1 to <1.0
1.0 to 3.0
4
5
<0.1
<0.1
>1.0
>1.0
1.0 to 3.0
>3.0
51100
10110-35
200
2-9
>1800 >1000
>35
The TDGC does not include CO2, which is not a combustible gas
e.
Suggested fault
diagnosis
Unit normal
Low energy
density arcing PD
Arcing High
energy discharge
Low temperature
thermal
Thermal <700 C
Thermal >700 C
(1)
(2)
(3)
Ratio 1 (R1)
Ratio 2 (R2)
CH4/ H2
Gas
Oil
space
C 2H2/ C2H4
Gas
Oil
space
<0.75
C 2H2/ CH4
Gas
space
Oil
C2H6/ C 2H2
Gas
Oil
space
>0.1
>0.1
<0.3
<0.1
>0.4
>0.2
<0.1
<0.1
>0.4
>0.2
>0.1
<0.4
<0.2
>0.1
>0.01
to
>0.75
to <1.0
<1.1
<0.1
PD: Partial Discharge, T1: Thermal Fault less than 300 C, T2: Thermal Fault between
300 to 700 C, T3:Thermal Fault more than 700 C,D1: Low Energy Discharge (Sparking),
D2: High Energy Discharge (Arcing), DT: Mix of Thermal and Electrical Faults.
>0.3
III.
a.
PPM
1667
146
55
1
0
688
2557
% TDCG
65.19
5.71
2.15
0.04
0.00
26.91
100
65.19
% of TDCG
100
0.04
CH4
C2H6
C2H4
0.00
2.15
20
5.71
26.91
60
40
0
H2
Drnenburg Ratios
R1 = CH4 / H2
R2 = C 2H2 / C2H4
R3 = C 2H2 / CH4
R4 = C2H6 / C 2H2
TABLE VI.
Results
0.09
0.00
0.00
NA
Rogers ratios
R2 = C 2H2 / C2H4
R1 = CH4 / H2
R5 = C2H4 / C2H6
Results
0.00
0.09
0.02
80
TABLE V.
C2H2
CO
b.
PPM
432
184
20
259
421
291
1607
% of TDCG
26.88
11.45
1.24
16.12
26.20
18.11
100
% of TDCG
100
18.11
26.20
16.12
20
1.24
40
11.45
60
26.88
80
0
H2
CH4
C2H6
C2H4
C2H2
CO
TABLE VIII.
Doernenburg Ratios
R1 = CH4 / H2
R2 = C 2H2 / C2H4
R3 = C 2H2 / CH4
R4 = C2H6 / C 2H2
TABLE IX.
Results
0.43
1.63
2.29
0.05
TABLE X.
Load
Lighting , Freezer
Furnace
Motor
Substation
Total
Ea.
12
6
27
5
50
PD
<700 C
>700 C
Arcing
12
0
8
1
21
0
1
15
2
18
0
5
3
0
8
0
0
1
2
3
Arcing (high-intensity)
>0.1 R1 <1.0
>0.75
>0.3
<0.4
Rogers Ratio
R2 = C 2H2 / C2H4
R1 = CH4 / H2
R5 = C2H4 / C2H6
Results
1.63
0.43
12.95
c.
Condition 4
TDCG Levels
(ppm)
>4630
Condition 3
1921 to 4630
>30
10 to 30
<10
Condition 2
721 to 1920
Condition 1
720
>30
10 to 30
<10
>30
10 to 30
<10
Consider removal of
service.
Advise Manufacturer.
Weekly Exercise extreme
Caution.
Weekly Analyze for
Weekly individual gases.
Plan outage.
Monthly Advise manufacturer.
Monthly Exercise Caution.
Monthly Analyze for
individual gases.
Quarterly Determine load
Monthly dependence.
Quarterly Continue a normal
Annually operation
Daily
Daily
CONCLUSION