International Journal of Environment, Ecology,

Family and Urban Studies (IJEEFUS)

ISSN(P): 2250-0065; ISSN(E): 2321-0109
Vol. 6, Issue 5, Oct 2016, 17-26
TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

A TECHNICAL, ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF

HYBRID (SOLAR-BIOMASS-FUEL CELL) ENERGY SYSTEM
ANAND SINGH & PRASHANT BAREDAR
Energy Centre, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT
Recently, the hybrid system has attracted considerable attention as a high-quality and reliable source of
electricity. In this work energy administration in the hybrid system is addressed in light of technical, economic and
environmental restrictions through (1) advancement of an operational procedure for energy management in the hybrid
system. (2) Determination of type and capacity of hybrid energy sources (Solar, Biomass, and Fuel Cell) as well as the
capacity of storage devices (Battery) based on optimization. Net present cost is used as an economic indicator for
justification of investment in the hybrid energy system. The proposed hybrid energy system objective function accounts
for the expenses including the capital costs, operational strategy costs from the utility, maintenance, and operational
costs, as well as revenues including those associated with a reduction in non-delivered energy, the credit for a reduction
in levels of environmental pollution. The optimal solution maximizing the objective the function is obtained using a

HOMER pro, HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Multiple Energy Resources) homes three intense devices in one
programming item, so that building and financial aspects work one next to the other: to decide the ideal limit of the
sources and in addition the suitable operational procedure for the Hybrid Energy System.
KEYWORDS: Hybrid Energy System, Fuel Cell, Solar PV, Biomass Gasifier, HOMER Pro

Original Article

HOMER Pro programming created by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and upgraded and disseminated by

Received: Aug 20, 2016; Accepted: Sep 01, 2016; Published: Sep 08, 2016; Paper Id.: IJEEFUSOCT20163

INTRODUCTION
In a hybrid energy system various electrical energy generators and electrical energy storing device are
consolidated together to take care of the electrical power demand of remote and country zone or even an entire
group (Singh et al., 2015).PV generators, biomass gasifier, little hydro plants, Fuel cell, wind turbine and others
wellsprings of electrical energy can be added as expected to take care of the electrical power demand in a way
different determines. The motivation behind this paper is the recreation displaying and streamlining of a sunlight
based photovoltaic, biomass gasifier generator set and fuel cell hybrid energy framework(Mahesh and Sandhu,
2015). It couples a sunlight based photovoltaic generator, biomass gasifier generator set energy component and
fuel cell unit to give diverse framework topologies(Said et al., 2013). This framework is proposed to be an earth
amicable arrangement since it tries to boost the utilization of a renewable energy source. Photovoltaic generators
which straightforwardly change over sun based radiation into power have a considerable measure of critically
favorable position, for example, being in modest and contamination free, quiet with no turning part and with size
autonomous electric transformation productivity. From an operation perspective, a PV power era encounters huge
varieties in its yield power because of irregular climate conditions. One strategy to conquer this issue is to
incorporate the photovoltaic framework with another force source, for example, biomass gasifier generator set,

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Anand Singh & Prashant Baredar

fuel cell, wind power, battery go down and the diesel goes down generator along these lines, as to guarantee a ceaseless 24
hour supply. National Renewable Energy Laboratorys (NREL) Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable
(HOMER) simulator has been utilized to complete the present study(Amutha and Rajini, 2016). HOMER performs a
relative financial examination on a disseminated era power frameworks. Inputs to HOMER will play out an hourly
recreation of each conceivable blend of segments entered and rank the frameworks as per client determined criteria, for
example, the expense of energy (COE, RS/kWh) or capital expenses.
Proposed SystemA
A Solar photovoltaic energy source should be hybrid with other energy sources, whether used in either a standalone or grid-connected mode. Stand-alone hybrid energy systems are very popular(Bahramara et al., 2016). Figure 1 Show
that proposed hybrid system based on solar photovoltaic, biomass, fuel cell energy sources. The objects of the proposed
model are to achieve an outline that upgrades the operation of a sun-powered photovoltaic, biomass gasifier generator set
and fuel cell Hybrid energy system, with technical, economic and ecological perspectives.

Figure 1: Block Diagram of Proposed Hybrid Energy System

Climate Condition and Load Profile Proposed Area
This paper aims to present a technical economic and environmental assessment of a hybrid energy system,
comprised of a Solar PV system, Biomass gasifier generator set and fuel cell with energy storing device (batteries) as a
potential source of energy for an educational institute, Energy Centre, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology,
Bhopal in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh in figure 2(Abedi et al., 2012). The location of the study area on the map
located off 23 12' N latitude and 7724'E longitude. Bhopal has a damp subtropical atmosphere, with cool, dry winters, a
hot summer and a muggy rainstorm season. Summers begin in late March and go ahead till mid-June, the normal
temperature being around 30 C (86 F), with the top of summer in May, when the highs frequently surpass 40 C (104 F).
The storm begins in late June and closures in late September. These months see around 40 inches (1020 mm) of
precipitation, successive electrical storms and flooding(Said et al., 2013). The normal temperature is around 25 C (77 F)
and the dampness is very high. Temperatures rise again up to late October when winter begins, which keeps going up to
Impact Factor (JCC): 3.7216

NAAS Rating: 3.63

A Technical, Economic, and Environmental Performance

of Hybrid (Solar-Biomass-Fuel Cell) Energy System

19

early March. Winters in Bhopal are cool, sunny and agreeable, with normal day by day temperatures around 16 C (61 F)
and next to zero downpour(Shukla et al., 2015). Figure 3 shows thatEnergy Centre MANIT Bhopal the basic load is
required to use electrical appliances like Tube light, ceiling fan, experiment setup, computer, and machinery [18].

Figure 2: The Location of the Study Area

Figure 3: Load Profile of the Study Area

Flow Chart for Proposed Hybrid Energy System
The flowchart for finding an ideal arrangement of the hybrid energy system appears in Figure 4. The arrangement
yields ideal for mixing with unit estimating of energy components (solar Biomass-fuel cell) minimizing the aggregate life
cycle cost.

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Anand Singh & Prashant Baredar

Figure 4: Flow Chart of Proposed Hybrid Energy System

Homer Pro Model of Hybrid Energy System
The reproduction model has
as been outlined HOMER Pro programming and comprises of a biomass gasifier, Solar,
Fuel Cell, battery and Electrolyzes(Rohani
(Rohani and Nour, 2014).
2014). There are wellsprings of vitality in this framework:
sun-powered
powered PV, biomass gasifier, and energy component. An energy unit is worked when there is an absence of force
created by the sun based PV framework and biomass gasifier (Hurtado et al., 2015).. Hydrogen tank
ta for the use of the Fuel
Cell. In spite of the fact that the battery is a vitality stockpiling gadget, it goes about as a wellspring of vitality when the
heap requests extra vitality which can't be fulfilled by the two principle sources(Nelson
sources(Nelson et al., 2006).
2006) The framework
engineering of this hybrid energy system has appeared in Figure 5.
Impact Factor (JCC): 3.7216

NAAS Rating: 3.63

A Technical, Economic, and Environmental Performance

of Hybrid (Solar-Biomass-Fuel
Fuel Cell) Energy System

21

Figure 4: HOMER Simulation Model of Hybrid Energy System

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

With the three renewable energy sources considered, the investigation will be to determine
determin the technical economic
and environmental evaluation of a hybrid energy system. The outcomes in regards to the impacts of every framework
design, that is, the hybrid energy system (Solar, Biomass, and Fuel Cell), on the earth acquired by utilizing HOMER Pro
P
programming as a part of the instance of the Energy Center, MANIT,
MANIT Bhopal in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh
appeared in Table 1. In this table, the amounts of the principle gasses that are unsafe to the earth including CO2, SO2, CO,
and NOx are exhibited(Mostafaeipour
(Mostafaeipour et al., 2016).
2016) The hourly output under an optimal operation of the hybrid system is
shown in Figure 5. The optimization does not choose PV system, naturally due to load demand. Even though the
configuration of PV, Biomass and Fuel cell hybrid system to meet the demand during the peak hours and 24-hour
24
load
demand(Mostafaeipour et al., 2016).. So this design adding to 100% renewable vitality and lessened emanation is
prescribed. The monthly average electricity production of the solar PV system, fuel cell, and biomass gasifier is shown in
figure 6. It can be seen that the power production of the solar PV system is 8, 481 kWh/year, fuel cell power production is
7300 kWh/year and Biomass gasifier generator set power production is 13,957 kWh/year. The economic expected results
of the same have been given in figure 7 and 8. The selected options for the component sizing, obtained
obtain after simulation,
based on the cost of energy and unmet load.
Table 1: Emission for the Proposed Hybrid Energy System
Pollutant
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Unburned hydrocarbons
Particulate matter
Sulfur dioxide
Nitrogen oxides

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Emissions
0.576
0.347
0
0
0.29
0,132

Units
kg/yr
kg/yr
kg/yr
kg/yr
kg/yr
kg/yr

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Anand Singh & Prashant Baredar

Figure 5: Load Shared by the Components of the Hybrid Energy System for a Day

Figure 6: Power Production Sharing by Solar PV, Biomass Gasifier Generator Set and Fuel Cell

Figure 7: 1 yearly Cost Analysis of Hybrid Energy System Different Component

Impact Factor (JCC): 3.7216

NAAS Rating: 3.63

A Technical, Economic, and Environmental Performance

of Hybrid (Solar-Biomass-Fuel Cell) Energy System

23

Figure 8: 25 Years Cost Analysis of HES Different Component

CONCLUSIONS

In this paper proliferation and headway of a Biomass gasifier generator set, Solar PV and Fuel cell hybrid energy
system for electrical power supply at Energy Center MANIT Bhopal have been done using HOMER
programming.

The cost of imperativeness of a biomass gasifier generator set, Solar PV and Fuel cell hybrid essentialness
structure have been found to b 15.064 Rs/kWh and full-scale net present cost Rs.51, 89003.

The plenitude power in the proposed structure is seen to be 36 kWh/year with zero rates unmet electrical weight.

It can be seen that the power production of the solar PV system is 8,481 kWh/year, fuel cell power production is
7300 kWh/year and Biomass gasifier generator set power production is 13,957 kWh/year.

It can be seen that the power production of the percentage solar PV system is 29 %, fuel cell power production is
27 % and Biomass gasifier generator set power production is 47 %.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are exceptionally grateful to the Honourable Director, Dr. Narendra S. Chaudhari, Maulana Azad National
Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India giving all of us backing to finish this exploration work
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editor@tjprc.org

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Anand Singh & Prashant Baredar

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Said, B., Messaoud, H., Aek, S., Roca I Cabarrocas, P., Bourouis, M., Alberto, C., Belkacem, D., Med Seghir, B., 2013. Hybrid
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Energy System Using HOMER Pro Software. Procedia Engineering 127, 743750. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.11.408
12. Abedi, S., Alimardani, A., Gharehpetian, G.B., Riahy, G.H., Hosseinian, S.H., 2012. A comprehensive method for optimal
power management and design of hybrid RES-based autonomous energy systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
16, 15771587. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2011.11.030
13. Amutha, W.M., Rajini, V., 2016. Cost benefit and technical analysis of rural electrification alternatives in southern India using
HOMER. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 62, 236246. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.042
14. Bahramara, S., Moghaddam, M.P., Haghifam, M.R., 2016. Optimal planning of hybrid renewable energy systems using
HOMER: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 62, 609620. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.039
15. Hurtado, E., Pealvo-Lpez, E., Prez-Navarro, ., Vargas, C., Alfonso, D., 2015. Optimization of a hybrid renewable system
for high feasibility application in non-connected zones. Applied Energy 155, 308314. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.05.097
16. Mahesh, A., Sandhu, K.S., 2015. Hybrid wind/photovoltaic energy system developments: Critical review and findings.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 52, 11351147. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.08.008
17. Mostafaeipour, A., Qolipour, M., Mohammadi, K., 2016. Evaluation of installing photovoltaic plants using a hybrid approach
for Khuzestan province, Iran. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 60, 6074. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.105
18. Nelson, D.B., Nehrir, M.H., Wang, C., 2006. Unit sizing and cost analysis of stand-alone hybrid wind/PV/fuel cell power
generation systems. Renewable Energy 31, 16411656. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2005.08.031
19. Rohani, G., Nour, M., 2014. Techno-economical analysis of stand-alone hybrid renewable power system for Ras Musherib in
United Arab Emirates. Energy 64, 828841. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2013.10.065
20. Said, B., Messaoud, H., Aek, S., Roca I Cabarrocas, P., Bourouis, M., Alberto, C., Belkacem, D., Med Seghir, B., 2013. Hybrid
system

and

environmental

evaluation

case

house

in

south

of

Algeria.

Energy

Procedia

36,

13281338.

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2013.07.151

Impact Factor (JCC): 3.7216

NAAS Rating: 3.63

A Technical, Economic, and Environmental Performance

of Hybrid (Solar-Biomass-Fuel Cell) Energy System

25

21. Shukla, K.N., Rangnekar, S., Sudhakar, K., 2015. Comparative study of isotropic and anisotropic sky models to estimate solar
radiation incident on tilted surface: A case study for Bhopal, India. Energy Reports 1, 96103. doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2015.03.003
22. Singh, A., Baredar, P., Gupta, B., 2015. Computational Simulation & Optimization of a Solar, Fuel Cell and Biomass Hybrid
Energy System Using HOMER Pro Software. Procedia Engineering 127, 743750. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.11.408

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editor@tjprc.org