Sie sind auf Seite 1von 13

Hidrodinmica 

352%/(0$6'(6$552//$'26'(+,'52',10,&$

 8QUHFLSLHQWHFLOtQGULFRWLHQHXQUDGLRGHFP\FRQWLHQHDJXDKDVWDXQDDOWXUDGH
P HQ HO IRQGR GHO UHFLSLHQWH VH SUDFWLFD XQ DJXMHUR GH  FP GH UDGLR
'HWHUPLQDU

D /DDOWXUDGHOFLOLQGURHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR
E (OWLHPSRGHYDFLDGR
F (O YROXPHQ GH DJXD YDFLDGR HQ HO SULPHU
P
PLQXWRGHVXYDFLDGR

6ROXFLyQSURE

D 6HD6ODVHFFLyQGHOFLOLQGUR\6ODVHFFLyQGHODJXMHUR/DHFXDFLyQGHFRQWLQXLGDG
VHHVFULEH






Y6 Y6

'RQGHYHVODYHORFLGDGGHODJXDHQHOFLOLQGUR\YODGHODJXDSRUHODJXMHUR

$SOLFDQGRODHFXDFLyQGH%HUQRXOOLHQORVSXQWRV\

S + J\ +

 

Y = S + J\ + Y  
 



&RPRORVSXQWRV\HVWiQH[SXHVWRVDODDWPyVIHUD
S  S  SDWP \ FRQVLGHUDQGR HO QLYHO GH UHIHUHQFLD
PRVWUDGRODHFXDFLyQTXHGD

JK +

Y
\

K
[

Y

 

Y = Y  



&RPELQDQGRHVWD~OWLPDHFXDFLyQFRQODHFXDFLyQGHFRQWLQXLGDGREWHQHPRVY

Y  = 6

JK
6

6

  


7DPELpQVHSXHGHREVHUYDUTXHY 

GK
SRUORTXHODHFXDFLyQTXHGD
GW

JK
GK

= 6

GW
6 6

6L OD DOWXUD LQLFLDO GHO GHSyVLWR HQ HO LQVWDQWH W   HV + ,QWHJUDQGR HVWD HFXDFLyQ
GLIHUHQFLDOODDOWXUDKHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR

3URI/LF-XDQ0HQGR]D1RORUEH

Hidrodinmica 
K

GK

J

= 6

6 6

GW 


J
 +  K = 6


6 6

W   

E (OWLHPSRGHYDFLDGRVHREWLHQHUHHPSOD]DQGRHQODHFXDFLyQDQWHULRUK 

W =

6
+

  


6
J






FRQORVGDWRVGHOSUREOHPD

W PLQ^5SWD`

F  &DOFXODUHPRV K SDUD HO SULPHU PLQXWR HV GHFLU SDUD  W  PLQ  V HQ OD
HFXDFLyQ


 P  K = FP 

 V 
 
FP

 P  V 

(FP )

 


K FP



(OYROXPHQFRQWHQLGRHQHVHLQVWDQWHHV9FRQWHQLGR 6K OLWURV


\HOYROXPHQYDFLDGRHV9LQLFLDO9FRQWHQLGR 6+6K OLWURV


9YDFLDGR OLWURV^5SWD`

 8QWDQTXHFLOtQGULFRFRQWLHQHPGHDJXD$OFLOLQGURVHSUDFWLFDXQDJXMHURDP
GHVXEDVHODVXSHUILFLHGHODJXMHURHVPX\SHTXHxRFRPSDUDGRFRQODVHFFLyQGHO
WDQTXHGHWHUPLQDUODYHORFLGDGLQLFLDOGHVDOLGDGHODJXDDWUDYpVGHODJXMHUR

6ROXFLyQSURE

D &RPRHQHOSUREOHPDDQWHULRUDSDUWLUGH
OD HFXDFLyQ GH FRQWLQXLGDG \ OD HFXDFLyQ GH
%HUQRXOOLVHREWLHQHODYHORFLGDGGHVDOLGD
/DHFXDFLyQGHFRQWLQXLGDGVHHVFULEH
Y
\ P
Y6 Y6
Y
/DHFXDFLyQGH%HUQRXOOLHQORVSXQWRV\
P
[

S + J\ +


 
Y  = S + J\ + Y  




3URI/LF-XDQ0HQGR]D1RORUEH

Hidrodinmica 
&RPRORVSXQWRV\HVWiQH[SXHVWRVDODDWPyVIHUDS S SDWP\FRQVLGHUDQGR
HOQLYHOGHUHIHUHQFLDPRVWUDGRODHFXDFLyQTXHGD
J\ +

 

Y = J\ + Y  
 



&RPELQDQGR HVWD ~OWLPD HFXDFLyQ FRQ OD HFXDFLyQ GH FRQWLQXLGDG REWHQHPRV OD
YHORFLGDGGHVDOLGD
Y =

J \ \


6

  

6


WRPDQGR HQ FXHQWD TXH OD VHFFLyQ GHO WDQTXH HV PX\ JUDQGH FRPSDUDGR FRQ HO
DJXMHURHVGHFLU

6
6

ODHFXDFLyQ  TXHGD
Y =

J \ \   

(VWD~OWLPDHFXDFLyQHVXQDFRQFOXVLyQGHOFRQGLFLRQDO6!!6SRUORWDQWRVHGHEH
WHQHU &8,'$'2 '( $3/,&$5 (VWD HFXDFLyQ HV FRQRFLGD FRPR HO 7HRUHPD GH
7RUULFHOOLHOFXDODILUPDTXHODYHORFLGDGGHVDOLGDHVODPLVPDTXHODTXHDGTXLHUH
XQREMHWTXHFDHOLEUHPHQWHSDUWLHQGRGHOUHSRVRGHODDOWXUD<KDVWDODDOWXUD
\

5HHPSOD]DQGR ORV GDWRV  \  P \ \  P HQ OD HFXDFLyQ    REWHQHPRV OD
YHORFLGDGGHVDOLGDGHODJXDDWUDYpVGHODJXMHUR

Y PV^5SWD`

 (O)UDVFRGH0DULRWWHFRQVLVWHHQXQIUDVFROOHQRGH
IOXLGR KDVWD XQDDOWXUD K TXH HVWiFHUUDGR SRU XQD
WDSD DWUDYHVDGR SRU XQ WXER FX\R H[WUHPR LQIHULRU
HVWiVXPHUJLGR HQHOOtTXLGRDXQDDOWXUDK(OIOXLGR
VDOHGHOIUDVFRSRUXQRULILFLRSUDFWLFDGRHQHOIRQGR
%
GHOUHFLSLHQWH'HWHUPLQDUODYHORFLGDGGH VDOLGDGHO
\
K
Y
K
IOXLGR

[
6ROXFLyQSURE(QHOH[WUHPRLQIHULRU%GHOWXER
Y
OD SUHVLyQ HV OD DWPRVIpULFD \D TXH HVWi HQWUDQGR
DLUH SRU HO WXER D PHGLGD TXH VDOH HO OtTXLGR SRU HO
RULILFLR

/DYHORFLGDGGHVDOLGDGHOIOXLGRQRFRUUHVSRQGHUiDODDOWXUDKGHVGHHORULILFLRD
OD VXSHUILFLH OLEUH GH IOXLGR HQ HO IUDVFR VLQR D OD DOWXUD K R GLVWDQFLD HQWUH HO
H[WUHPRLQIHULRU%GHOWXER\HORULILFLR
3URI/LF-XDQ0HQGR]D1RORUEH

Hidrodinmica 
'DGRTXHKSHUPDQHFHFRQVWDQWHHQWDQWRTXHHOQLYHOGHOtTXLGRHVWpSRUHQFLPDGH
VX H[WUHPR LQIHULRU GHO WXER OD YHORFLGDG GHO IOXLGR \ SRU WDQWR HO JDVWR VH
PDQWHQGUiQFRQVWDQWHV&XDQGRODDOWXUDGHIOXLGRHQHOIUDVFRKHVPHQRUTXHK
ODYHORFLGDGGHVDOLGDYGHOIOXLGRGHMDGHVHUFRQVWDQWH

9HDPRVHVWRDSOLFDQGRODHFXDFLyQGHFRQWLQXLGDG\ODHFXDFLyQGH%HUQRXOOLHQORV
SXQWRV\UHVSHFWRDOQLYHOGHUHIHUHQFLDPRVWUDGR
Y =

J K K


6

6


&RPSDUDUHVWDHFXDFLyQFRQODHFXDFLyQ  GHOSUREOHPDDQWHULRU

 (Q OD ILJXUD VH PXHVWUD HO PHGLGRU GH 9HQWXUL /D VHFFLyQ PiV DQFKD WLHQH XQ
GLiPHWUR GH FP \ FP HQ OD SDUWH HVWUHFKD HO DJXD HQ LQWHULRU IOX\H GH WDO
PDQHUDTXHHOGHVQLYHOGHOPHUFXULRHQHOWXERHQIRUPDGH8HVFP'HWHUPLQDU
ODYHORFLGDGHQHOSXQWR\HOFDXGDOHQOLWURVSRUVHJXQGRDWUDYpVGHOWXER



G FP

15
G FP

K


K 
K FP







6ROXFLyQSURE$SOLFDQGRODHFXDFLyQGH%HUQRXOOLHQORVSXQWRV\UHVSHFWR15

S +  +

 

Y  = S +  + Y  




&RPELQDQGRFRQODHFXDFLyQGHFRQWLQXLGDG6Y 6YREWHQHPRV

Y =

 S S
6

 
6

 

(QHOWXERHQIRUPDGH8LJXDODPRVODSUHVLyQGHODVHFFLyQ\
SJK SJK+JJK

GHGRQGHGHVSHMDPRVSS J KK +JJK
3URI/LF-XDQ0HQGR]D1RORUEH

Hidrodinmica 
SS  +J JK

UHHPSOD]DQGRHQODHFXDFLyQ  REWHQHPRV Y  =


6XVWLWX\HQGRORVGDWRVGHOSUREOHPD 

 +J JK
6

 
6

Y PV^5SWD`


E (O*DVWRR&DXGDO*  U Y    P  PV  PV


* OLWURVV^5SWD`

 3DUDPHGLUODYHORFLGDGGHORVJDVHVVHXVDHOWXERGH3LWRWTXHVHPXHVWUDHQOD
ILJXUD /D DEHUWXUD  HV SHUSHQGLFXODU D OD
FRUULHQWHJDVHRVD\HQHVWHSXQWROODPDGRGH

HVWDJQDFLyQODSUHVLyQHVS\ODYHORFLGDGGHO
JDV HV FHUR (Q OD DEHUWXUD  SDUDOHOD D OD

YHORFLGDG Y GHO JDV OD SUHVLyQ HV S (Q XQ
H[SHULPHQWR VH XVD HO WXER GH 3LWRW SDUD
K
PHGLU OD YHORFLGDG GHO YLHQWR \ VH REVHUYD


TXHHOGHVQLYHOGHOPHUFXULRK FPFDOFXODU
OD YHORFLGDG GHO YLHQWR &RQVLGHUH 'DLUH 
NJP
6ROXFLyQSURE$SOLFDQGRODHFXDFLyQGH%HUQRXOOLHQORVSXQWRV\

S = S +

 
Y 
 


HLJXDODQGRODVSUHVLRQHVHQ\GHOWXERHQIRUPDGH8

S S+JJK

FRPELQDQGRHVWDVHFXDFLRQHVVHREWLHQH Y  =

JK +J
DLUH


VXVWLWX\HQGRORVGDWRVGHOSUREOHPDWHQHPRV 

Y PV^5SWD`

1RWD (O WXER GH 3LWRW GHEH VHU PX\ SHTXHxR SDUD QR SHUWXUEDU HO IOXMR JDVHRVR
HVWHDSDUDWRSXHGHVHUXVDGRSDUDPHGLUODYHORFLGDGGHXQDYLyQUHODWLYRDODGHO
DLUH



3URI/LF-XDQ0HQGR]D1RORUEH

Hidrodinmica 
 8QOtTXLGRGHGHQVLGDGJFPIOX\HFRPRPXHVWUDODILJXUDFDOFXODU
D /DYHORFLGDGGHVDOLGDGHOOtTXLGR
E /DFDQWLGDGGHOtTXLGRTXHVDOHSRUVHJXQGR
F /DYHORFLGDG\ODSUHVLyQGHOOtTXLGRHQODVHFFLyQ
G /DGLIHUHQFLDGHDOWXUDHQWUHODVFROXPQDVGHPHUFXULRGHOWXERHQ8


 Y 



P



FP

FP

15

K


K
+

15






6ROXFLyQ SURE D   $SOLFDQGR OD HFXDFLyQ GH %HUQRXOOL D ODV VHFFLRQHV  \ 
UHVSHFWRD15
S + J\ +

 

Y = S + J\ + Y  
 



&RPRORVSXQWRV\HVWiQH[SXHVWRVDODDWPyVIHUDS S SDWP\Y WHQHPRV

Y  = J \ \     P   PV

E /DFDQWLGDGGHOtTXLGRTXHVDOHSRUVHJXQGRRJDVWR


*  U Y    P  PV  PV

F 3RUODHFXDFLyQGHFRQWLQXLGDG U Y    U Y  



 
Y 
 PV PV



G $SOLFDQGRODHFXDFLyQGH%HUQRXOOLHQWUHODVVHFFLRQHV\UHVSHFWRD15

S +  +

 

Y = S +  + Y  
 


3URI/LF-XDQ0HQGR]D1RORUEH

Hidrodinmica 

5HHPSOD]DQGRGDWRVSS N3D


FRPRS N3D^ODSUHVLyQDWPyVIpULFD`
S N3D^5SWD`

H (QHOPDQyPHWURGHPHUFXULRLJXDODPRVODVSUHVLRQHVHQORVSXQWRV\

S+JJ+JK SJK

SS +JJ+J+

    +

+ P^5SWD`


 &RQ TXH YHORFLGDG VH GHEH VRSODU YHUWLFDOPHQWH KDFLD DEDMR HQ HO
DJXMHUR GHO FDUUHWH GH iUHD PP SDUD TXH HO GLVFR GH FDUWyQ $
GH PDVD J \ GH iUHD FP QR FDLJD YHU ILJXUD 6H VDEH TXH HO
iUHDGHVDOLGDGHODLUHHVGHPP'HQVLGDGGHODLUHNJP

6ROXFLyQ SURE 9DPRV D WUD]DU ODV OtQHDV GH IOXMR GHO DLUH D $
WUDYpVGHOFDUUHWHHQODSDUWHVXSHULRUGHOFDUWyQHODLUHIOX\HFRQ
FLHUWDYHORFLGDGYKDFLHQGRTXHODSUHVLyQ S HQHVD]RQD
Y
VHD PHQRU TXH HQ OD SDUWH LQIHULRU GRQGH DFW~D OD SUHVLyQ
DWPRVIpULFD
(O GLDJUDPD GH FXHUSR OLEUH GHO FDUWyQ SUHVHQWD WUHV
IXHU]DV OD IXHU]D )  HMHUFLGD SRU OD SUHVLyQ S HO SHVR
Y
Y
GHOFDUWyQ PJ \ODIXHU]DGHODSUHVLyQDWPRVIpULFD )$70 
$
YHUWLFDOPHQWHKDFLDDUULEDHTXLOLEUDQGRDODVRWUDVGRV

3RUFRQGLFLyQGHHTXLOLEULR
S$PJ S$70$
) S$

PJ
S S$70   
$
PJ
)$70 S$70$
'RQGH$HVODVHFFLyQGHOFDUWyQ

$SOLFDQGRODHFXDFLyQGH%HUQRXOOLHQORVSXQWRV\GHOFDUUHWH

 +  +


 
Y = S +  + Y  

 


3URI/LF-XDQ0HQGR]D1RORUEH

Hidrodinmica 
GRQGH VH KD GHVSUHFLDGR HO WHUPLQR JK GHELGR D TXH WDQWR OD DOWXUD FRPR OD
GHQVLGDG GHO DLUH VRQ SHTXHxRV \ OD SUHVLyQ S VH KD FRQVLGHUDGR LJXDO D OD SUHVLyQ
DWPRVIpULFD 

'H OD HFXDFLyQ GH FRQWLQXLGDG Y 6  Y 6   Y  Y  \ WHQLHQGR HQ FXHQWD OD
HFXDFLyQ  HQODHFXDFLyQGH%HUQRXOOLWHQHPRV

S $70 +  +

PJ
 

Y = S $70
+  + Y   
 
$


PJ


Y   Y =


$

PJ
 
Y  =

$



5HHPSOD]DQGR\GHVSHMDQGRY 




Y PV^5SWD`

/DSUHVLyQSGHSHQGHVLVHVRSODGHVGHXQDFLHUWDGLVWDQFLDGHODJXMHURFRPRVHKDVXSXHVWR
SDUD HVWD VROXFLyQ R VL VH VRSOD FHUUDQGR HO DJXMHUR FRQ ORV ODELRV HQ HVWH FDVR S  \ OD
YHORFLGDGQHFHVDULDSDUDOHYDQWDUHOSDSHOVHUtDPXFKRPD\RUY PV


 6H XVD XQD ERPED GH GLDIUDJPD SDUD VDFDU DJXD GHO LQWHULRU GH XQ EDUFR (O
GLiPHWUR GH OD PDQJXHUD GH OD ERPED HV GH FP \ HO DJXD HV LPSXOVDGD SRU OD
PDQJXHUD KDFLDDUULED \ VDOH SRU XQD HVFRWLOOD D P VREUH HO QLYHO GHO DJXD D XQD
YHORFLGDGGHPV&DOFXOHODSRWHQFLDGHERPEHR

6ROXFLyQSURE&RQVLGHUHPRVXQDSRUFLyQGHDJXD
PTXHVXEHSRUODPDQJXHUD
XQDDOWXUDKHQXQLQWHUYDORGHWLHPSR
WHOWUDEDMRH[WHUQRUHDOL]DGRVHUi: 
PJK\ODSRWHQFLD

PJK
3 
 SHUR P   9  SRU OR TXH OD SRWHQFLD H[SUHVDGD HQ IXQFLyQ GH OD

W
GHQVLGDGVHH[SUHVD


9JK
9
3 
DTXtVHSXHGHQRWDUTXH
HVHOJDVWRRFDXGDO*

W

W

/DSRWHQFLDGHODERPEDTXHGD3 
*JK

5HHPSOD]DQGRGDWRV3  NJP PV P   PV  P 
3 Z^5SWD`

3URI/LF-XDQ0HQGR]D1RORUEH

Hidrodinmica 

 8Q WDQTXH FLOtQGULFR GH P GH GLiPHWUR HVWD OOHQR
KDVWDPGHSURIXQGLGDGFRQDJXD(OHVSDFLRVREUH
HODJXDHVWDRFXSDGRFRQDLUHFRPSULPLGRDODSUHVLyQ
Y
GH N3D 6H SUDFWLFD XQ RULILFLR HQ HO IRQGR GH
\
K
VHFFLyQ FP &DOFXODU OD YHORFLGDG   LQLFLDO GH OD
FRUULHQWH TXH IOX\H D WUDYpV GH HVWH RULILFLR
[
(QFRQWUDU OD IXHU]D YHUWLFDO KDFLD DUULED TXH
H[SHULPHQWD HO WDQTXH FXDQGR VH TXLWD HO WDSyQ
Y
&RQVLGHUHS$70 N3D

6ROXFLyQSURE&XDQGRHOIOXLGRVDOHGHOWDQTXHGHDFXHUGRDODWHUFHUD/H\GH
1HZWRQ UHDFFLRQD FRQ XQD IXHU]D KDFLD DUULED VREUH HO WDQTXH GH LJXDO PDJQLWXG
SHURHQGLUHFFLyQFRQWUDULDDODIXHU]DFRQODTXHHVH[SXOVDGRHODJXD

 3RURWURODGRODVHJXQGD/H\GH1HZWRQHVWDEOHFHTXHHOLPSXOVRTXHUHFLEHHO
IOXLGRH[SXOVDGRGHVHUHTXLYDOHQWHDOFDPELRGHVXFDQWLGDGGHPRYLPLHQWR

 $OLQLFLRODFDQWLGDGGHPRYLPLHQWRGHOOtTXLGRHVFHURSHURHQXQGWKDEUiVLGR
VROWDGRXQGPTXHWHQGUiXQDYHORFLGDGYLQLFLDOHQGLUHFFLyQKDFLDDEDMR
(QFRQVHFXHQFLD

GS YGP Y>
G9@ Y
>$G\@

GS Y
$>YGW@  Y  
$GW

 (VWDFDQWLGDGGHPRYLPLHQWRHVLJXDODOLPSXOVRGHODIXHU]DTXHDFW~DVREUHHO
WDQTXHGHPRGRTXH
)GW  Y  
$GW
'HGRQGH

) 

Y 



$  


/DYHORFLGDGGHVDOLGDVHREWLHQHDSOLFDQGR%HUQRXOOLHQORVSXQWRV\

S + J\ +

 

Y = S +  + Y  
 



KDFHPRVY SRU6!!6\GHVSHMDPRVY

Y =

UHHPSOD]DQGRGDWRV

(S S )

+ JK  


Y PV^5SWD`^YHORFLGDGGHVDOLGDLQLFLDO`
3URI/LF-XDQ0HQGR]D1RORUEH

Hidrodinmica 


(S S )

+ JK 
$

SRUORTXHODHFXDFLyQ  TXHGD) 


UHHPSOD]DQGRGDWRV


) 1^5SWD`^IXHU]DGHLPSXOVRLQLFLDO`

6H SXHGH KDFHU QRWDU DO HVWXGLDQWH TXH HVWD IXHU]D YD GLVPLQX\HQGR FRQIRUPH HO WDQTXH VH
YDFtD


 (O QLYHO GHO DJXD HQ XQ FLOLQGUR GH FP GH
GLiPHWUR FRPR VH PXHVWUD HQ OD ILJXUD VH
PDQWLHQH D XQD DOWXUD FRQVWDQWH GH P VL HO
GLiPHWUR GHO WXER GH GHVDJH HV GH FP D TXp
DOWXUDOOHJDUiODFRUULHQWHYHUWLFDOGHODJXD"

6ROXFLyQSURE8VDQGRFRPRQLYHOGHUHIHUHQFLDHO
SXQWRGHVDOLGDGHODJXD\DSOLFDQGRHO WHRUHPDGH
7RUULFHOOLYHUHFXDFLyQ  GHOSUREOHPDVHREWLHQH
ODYHORFLGDGGHVDOLGDGHODJXDDWUDYpVGHORULILFLR

Y  = J \ \ 


K



GHORVGDWRV GHOSUREOHPD\ \ PUHHPSOD]DQGRHQODHFXDFLyQDQWHULRUY 
PV
3DUD DYHULJXDU OD DOWXUD DOFDQ]DGD SRGHPRV DSOLFDU OD FRQVHUYDFLyQ GH OD HQHUJtD
PHFiQLFDGHXQDSRUFLyQGHDJXD
P


P Y  
PJK


'HVSHMDQGRK\UHHPSOD]DQGRGDWRV 


K 
 Y   P^5SWD`
J 

1yWHVHTXHODDOWXUDDOFDQ]DGDHVODPLVPDTXHODDOWXUDGHOQLYHOGHDJXDUHVSHFWRDO
RULILFLR

 'RVYDVRVFRPXQLFDQWHVGHGLiPHWURVG P\G PHVWiQFRPXQLFDGRVSRU
XQ WXER GH VHFFLyQ 6  FP
G P
G P
/D OODYH $ LQLFLDOPHQWH VH
HQFXHQWUD FHUUDGD /RV WDQTXHV
FRQWLHQHQDJXDDXQDDOWXUDLQLFLDO
K P
K  P \ K  P YHU ILJXUD
KHT
K P
'HWHUPLQDU HO WLHPSR HQ TXH ORV
QLYHOHV GH DJXD VH LJXDODQ GHVGH
$
HOLQVWDQWHTXHODOODYHVHDEUH
3URI/LF-XDQ0HQGR]D1RORUEH

Hidrodinmica 


6ROXFLyQ SURE (Q HO JUDILFR VH REVHUYD TXH K ! K FXDQGR OD OODYH VH DEUD OD
DOWXUD K GHO SULPHU UHFLSLHQWH GLVPLQXLUi \ K HQ HO VHJXQGR UHFLSLHQWH DXPHQWDUi
KDVWDTXHDPEDVDOWXUDVOOHJXHQDXQDDOWXUDGHHTXLOLEULRKHT K KSHURODFDQWLGDG
WRWDOGHIOXLGRQRFDPELDGHPRGRTXH
6K6K 6K6K  66 KHT  
/RV GRV GHSyVLWRV FRQHFWDGRV SRGHPRV VLPXODU HO FRPSRUWDPLHQWR GH ORV YDVRV
FRPXQLFDQWHV VXSRQLHQGR TXH OD YHORFLGDG GHO IOXLGR HQ HO WXER GH FRPXQLFDFLyQ HV
SURSRUFLRQDO D OD UDt] FXDGUDGD GH OD GLIHUHQFLD GH DOWXUDV TXH DOFDQ]D HO IOXLGR HQ
DPERVUHFLSLHQWHV$SOLFDQGR7RUULFHOOL
Y =

J K K

/DFDQWLGDGGHIOXLGRTXHVDOHGHOSULPHUUHFLSLHQWHDWUDYpVGHOWXERTXHFRPXQLFD
DPERVUHFLSLHQWHVHQODXQLGDGGHWLHPSRHVY6\HQHOWLHPSRGWVHUiY6GW
/DGLVPLQXFLyQGHODDOWXUDKHQHOSULPHUUHFLSLHQWHVHH[SUHVDGHOVLJXLHQWHPRGR
6GK = 6 J K K GW  

6
6
(VFULELHQGRKHQIXQFLyQGHKDSDUWLUGHODHFXDFLyQ  K    KHT K
6
6
UHHPSOD]DQGRHQ  SRGHPRVLQWHJUDUIiFLOPHQWHHVWDHFXDFLyQ
K

K

GK
K KHT

K KHT

6
6

6
J  +  GW 
6

K KHT = W

6
6

6
J  +    
6

6HDOFDQ]DODDOWXUDGHHTXLOLEULRKHTGHVSXpVGHXQWLHPSRWTXHVHFDOFXODSRQLHQGRHQ
ODHFXDFLyQSUHFHGHQWHK KHT
(QQXHVWURSUREOHPDSULPHURFDOFXODPRVODVVHFFLRQHVGHFDGDWDQTXH
6  P  P6  P  P
2EWHQHPRVODDOWXUDGHHTXLOLEULRUHHPSOD]DQGRORVGDWRVHQODHFXDFLyQ  
6K6K  66 KHT
3URI/LF-XDQ0HQGR]D1RORUEH

Hidrodinmica 
KHT P
5HHPSOD]DQGRHVWHYDORUHQODHFXDFLyQ  

W V^5SWD` 

 'RVYDVRVFRPXQLFDQWHVGHGLiPHWURVLJXDOHVG FPHVWiQFRPXQLFDGRVSRU


XQWXERGHGLiPHWURFP\FPGHORQJLWXG/DOODYH$LQLFLDOPHQWHVHHQFXHQWUD
FHUUDGD /D DOWXUD LQLFLDO GHO DJXD HQ HO SULPHU UHFLSLHQWH HV  K  P \ HQ HO
VHJXQGR UHFLSLHQWH K  P  /D OODYH $ VH DEUH \ HO OtTXLGR FRPLHQ]D D RVFLODU
'HWHUPLQDUODDOWXUDGHHTXLOLEULR\HOSHULRGRGHRVFLODFLyQ


Y

Y

K
$
K KHT


15


6ROXFLyQ SURE /D DOWXUD GH HTXLOLEULR SDUD HO FDVR GH GRV WXERV GH VHFFLRQHV
LJXDOHVGHGXFLGDDSDUWLUGHODHFXDFLyQ  GHOSUREOHPDHV

KHT =

K + K
  



3DUD GHWHUPLQDU HO SHULRGR WHQGUHPRV TXH OOHJDU D OD HFXDFLyQ GLIHUHQFLDO GHO
PRYLPLHQWR DUPyQLFR VLPSOH (VWR VH UHDOL]DUD D SDUWLU GH OD FRQVHUYDFLyQ GH OD
HQHUJtD HQWRQFHV HPSHFHPRV D GHILQLU OD PDVD FRQWHQLGD HQ FDGD UHFLSLHQWH HQ
IXQFLyQ GH XQ GHVSOD]DPLHQWR [ GHO QLYHO GH DJXD GHO SULPHU UHFLSLHQWH UHVSHFWR D
15

0DVDHQHOUHFLSLHQWH P 
9 
6 KHT[ 
0DVDHQHOUHFLSLHQWH P 
9 
6 KHT[ 
9 
6/
0DVDHQHOWXERGHFRPXQLFDFLyQ P 

/DHQHUJtDSRWHQFLDOUHVSHFWRDO15
(QHOSULPHUUHFLSLHQWH(S PJ KHT[  
J6 KHT[ 
J6 KHT[ 
(QHOVHJXQGRUHFLSLHQWH(S PJ KHT[  

/DHQHUJtDFLQpWLFD
(QHOSULPHUUHFLSLHQWH(F P Y  
6 KHT[  Y  
(QHOVHJXQGRUHFLSLHQWH(F P Y  
6 KHT[  Y  
(QHOWXERGHFRPXQLFDFLyQ(F PY 
6/Y

/DHQHUJtDPHFiQLFDGHOVLVWHPD(0 (3(&
3URI/LF-XDQ0HQGR]D1RORUEH

Hidrodinmica 

(0 
J6 KHT[ 
J6 KHT[ 
6 KHT[  Y  
6 KHT[  Y  
6/Y

8VDQGRODHFXDFLyQGHFRQWLQXLGDG6Y 6Y 6Y\HOKHFKRTXH6 6ODHQHUJtD


PHFiQLFDTXHGD

(0 
J6


KHT

+ [ 


6KHT

Y 


/

6 
6

 Y  


3RU FRQVHUYDFLyQ GH OD HQHUJtD PHFiQLFD OD GHULYDGD UHVSHFWR DO WLHPSR GH HVWD
HFXDFLyQGHEHVHUFHUR

6 
G(0
G[
GY
GY
 
J6 [  
J6KHT Y  
/
 Y   
GW
GW
GW
GW
6


6 
GY
GY

J6[
6KHT 
/
  
GW
GW
6

G  [
GW 

J
+

6
KHT + /
6

[ =  



TXHHVODHFXDFLyQGHXQPRYLPLHQWRDUPyQLFRVLPSOHFX\DIUHFXHQFLDDQJXODU
HV

 

J
KHT + /

6

(OSHULRGR

7 

KHT + /
J

6
6

  



&RQORVGDWRVGHQXHVWURSUREOHPDSULPHURGHWHUPLQDPRVODDOWXUDGHHTXLOLEULRFRQOD
HFXDFLyQ  
KHT =

K + K
 P



5HHPSOD]DQGRHVWHYDORU\ORVGHPiVGDWRVHQODHFXDFLyQ  HOSHULRGRUHVXOWDVHU

7 V^5SWD`





3URI/LF-XDQ0HQGR]D1RORUEH

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen