1m

1 meter = 1 m

10x smaller than you

10x smaller
10x smaller
than your
thanhand
you

10 cm

1 cm

1 centimeter = 1 cm

10x smaller than your finger

and 1000x smaller than you

10x smaller than your finger

and 1000x smaller than you

1 mm

1 millimeter = 1 mm

10x smaller than a grain of sand

and 10,000x smaller than you

10x smaller than a grain of sand

and 10,000x smaller than you

1 micrometer = 1 m

10x smaller than a strand of hair

10x smaller than a strand of hair

10 m

1 micrometer = 1 m

10x smaller than a strand of hair

10 m

1 micrometer = 1 m

10x smaller than a red blood cell

and 1 million times smaller than you

10x smaller than a red blood cell

and 1 million times smaller than you

1 m

1 micrometer = 1 m

1 m

1 micrometer = 1 m
10x smaller than a red blood cell

10x smaller than a bacteria

1 nanometer = 1 nm

gy

10x smaller than a virus

gy

10x smaller than a cell membrane

1 nm

10x smaller than a virus

Individual
atoms!

22 carbon atoms and

14 hydrogen atoms

10x smaller than a molecule

IBM

10x smaller than a molecule

IBM

AtomicForceMicroscopy
forNanoBio Science
Lecturer:
BrianRodriguez
brian.rodriguez@ucd.ie
x6744,RoomG079
Location:SeminarRoom1
Exception:First2lectures
areinHealthSciencesA005
Coursecontent:
~12lectures
~3practical classes

Finalexam:
practicalexamandwriteup
Grading:
40%continuousassessment
(dataanalysisreports,problem
sheets,inclasspresentation)
60%practicalexamandwriteup

 Thursdaysat1pm:Lecture
Fridaysat9am:PracticalLecture
SeminarRoom2 beontime

Fridays~9:30am 5pm:Practical
G085(notthisFriday>NextFriday!!)

Atomic Force Microscopy

(for NanoBio Science)
What is an Atomic Force
Microscope (AFM)?
Who has seen one?

Atomic Force Microscope

Atomic Force Microscope

http://www.famars.unibas.ch/
http://spaceurope.blogspot.ie/2007/07/famars-instrument-afm-for-planetary.html

Atomic Force Microscope

NASA / JPL / UA / Univ. of Neuchatel / Imperial College London

Atomic Force Microscope

AFM from Asylum Research

(like the ones you will use for practicals)

Atomic Force Microscope

How do we go from here

Atomic Force Microscope

to here

From Asylum

Atomic Force Microscope

2 m scan
From Asylum

Atomic Force Microscope

10 m scan
From Asylum

Atomic Force Microscope

Image courtesy of G. Rocha and L. L. Terra, Instituto de Biofsica Carlos Chagas Filho.

From Asylum

Atomic Force Microscope

From Park Systems

Atomic Force Microscope

From Park Systems

Atomic Force Microscope

JPK

Atomic Force Microscope

From Park Systems

Atomic Force Microscope

From Park Systems

Atomic Force Microscope

From Park Systems

Atomic Force Microscope

35 m scan
S. MacLaren, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Atomic Force Microscope

55 m scan
From Asylum

Atomic Force Microscope

90 m scan
Suzi Jarvis, UCD

Atomic Force Microscope

< 50 nm scan

From Asylum

Atomic Force Microscope

530 nm scan

From Asylum

Atomic Force Microscope

Imaged by AFM
Paul Rothemund, California Institute of Technology

Atomic Force Microscope

1 m scan
Paul Rothemund, California Institute of Technology

Atomic Force Microscope

SPECS

Atomic Force Microscope

Jiaoetal.,Nature458,877(2009)

Atomic Force Microscope

150 nm

30 nm
SPECS

Atomic Force Microscope

IBM

Atomic Force Microscope

Suzi Jarvis and Anika Mostaert, UCD

Atomic Force Microscope

Has anyone used an AFM?

How does an AFM work?

Atomic Force Microscopy

What are the main components?

Sample
nanoworld.com

Atomic Force Microscopy

S. Christiansen, MPI-Halle

www.ifr.ac.uk/spm/

Atomic Force Microscopy

surface
sample

How do tip and sample approach?

Atomic Force Microscopy

What are the interactions

between the tip and the
surface?

Atomic Force Microscopy

What forces can we measure?
Contact repulsive forces
van der Waals forces
Long range forces
Capillary forces

Electrostatic double layer

Solvation forces

Atomic Force Microscopy

Total force = sum of all forces

Atomic Force Microscopy

What is measured?

z
How is displacement measured?
Deflection sensors

Atomic Force Microscopy

What is a photodiode?
Converts light to voltage (or current)
A
A=1V
B=0V
A+B = 1 V
A-B = 01 V
B
C-D = 0 V

Atomic Force Microscopy

Why four segments?
How is force calculated?
Cantilever as spring, F = kz

Cantilevers
What are they made from and why?
Why are they different dimensions?
Cantilever design triangular versus
rectangular?

Cantilevers

nanoscience.com

Cantilevers
Silicon
AC mode air

Silicon nitride
AC mode liquid
Contact mode air or liquid

From Asylum

Atomic Force Microscopy

What are the other main components?
Light source, motors,
nanopositioners, controllers,
electronics, scanners, flexures,
actuators, computers?

Atomic Force Microscopy

Nature already
designed a
pretty good
touching
microscope

but we cant
feel forces at
the nanoscale.

Scanning Probe
Microscopy

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Invented in 1981 by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/index.html

Scanning Tunneling
Microscopy

ThermoMicroscopes

Limited to conducting and semiconducting materials

Atomic Force Microscopy

Binnig, Gerber, Quate, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 930 (1986)
They wondered if there was another way to make a microscope or if
you always needed particles or waves
They realized that the forces exerted by the tip on the sample could
be used to map the topography of a sample and extended scanning
probe to scanning any sample (not just conducting ones)

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic Force Microscopy

ThermoMicroscopes

Atomic Force Microscopy

Chip

From Asylum

Asylum AFM Head

LVDT sensor (Z)

Piezo stack

Flexure stage
Split Photodiode
SuperLuminescent
Diode source (SLD)

Sample

Cantilever

LVDT: Linear variable differential transformer

(measures linear displacement)

From Asylum

Asylum AFM Head

Optical Path

To Camera

Piezo

Nanopositioning System
(NPS) Sensor

Cold Mirror

Recollimation Lens

From Asylum

Asylum AFM Head

Piezo

Position
Sensitive
Detector

Z Flexure Stage

Flexure Hinge

Cantilever
Light Path

From Asylum

Asylum AFM Scanner

XY Flexure

NPS Sensor

Piezo
From Asylum

Asylum AFM Scanner

From Asylum

Atomic Force Microscopy

for BioNano Science

From Asylum

Conductajournal/internetsearchonblood
cellstoprepareforthepractical Whatare
they?Whyaretheyimportant?Whatsizeare
they?Whatcharacteristicfeaturesdothey
have?Howwouldyouprepareasample?

Additional Information
virtual.itg.uiuc.edu/training/AFM_tutorial/
virlab.virginia.edu/VL/SPM_operation.htm
virlab.virginia.edu/VL/easyScan_AFM.htm
www.pacificnano.com/afmtutorial.html
nanohub.org/resources/520
www.mih.unibas.ch/Booklet/Booklet96/Chapter3/Chapter3.html
www.afmuniversity.org/
ME597 PurdueUniversity
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cYsqd
grYdU&list=PL9DE62164B9EAA564&index=1