Fundamentals of Gears

Gear

Gears are toothed cylindrical wheels used for transmitting

mechanical power from one rotating shaft to another.
Several types of gears are in common use. Four principal
types of gears are:
Spur gears
Helical gears

Bevel gears
Worm gears.

Type of Gear

Gears are toothed cylindrical wheels used for transmitting

mechanical power from one rotating shaft to another.
Several types of gears are in common use. Four principal
types of gears are:
Spur gears
Helical gears

Bevel gears
Worm gears.

Type of Gear

Gears are toothed cylindrical wheels used for transmitting

mechanical power from one rotating shaft to another.
Several types of gears are in common use. Four principal
types of gears are:
Spur gears
Helical gears

Bevel gears
Worm gears.

Type of Gear

Gears are toothed cylindrical wheels used for transmitting

mechanical power from one rotating shaft to another.
Several types of gears are in common use. Four principal
types of gears are:
Spur gears
Helical gears

Bevel gears
Worm gears.

Type of Gear

Gears are toothed cylindrical wheels used for transmitting

mechanical power from one rotating shaft to another.
Several types of gears are in common use. Four principal
types of gears are:
Spur gears
Helical gears

Bevel gears
Worm gears.

Gear Materials and Useful Ratios

Nomenclature of Spur Gear

Nomenclature of Spur Gear

Pitch circle. This is a theoretical circle on which calculations are

based. Its diameter is called the pitch diameter.

Nomenclature of Spur Gear

Circular pitch. This is the distance from a point on one tooth to the
corresponding point on the adjacent tooth measured along the pitch
circle.

Nomenclature of Spur Gear

Tooth thickness. This is the distance from a point on one face of

tooth to the corresponding point on the adjacent face of the same
tooth measured along the pitch circle.

Nomenclature of Spur Gear

Module. This is the ratio of the pitch diameter to the number of teeth.
The unit of the module should be millimeters (mm). The module is
defined by the ratio of pitch diameter and number of teeth.

Nomenclature of Spur Gear

Diametral pitch. This is the ratio of the number of teeth to the pitch
diameter. Thus, it is the reciprocal of the module. Since diametral pitch
is used only with U.S. units, it is expressed as teeth per inch.

Nomenclature of Spur Gear

Addendum, a. This is the radial distance from the pitch circle to the
outside of the tooth.
Dedendum, b. This is the radial distance from the pitch circle to the
bottom land.

Nomenclature of Spur Gear

Clearance circle. This is a circle that is tangent to the addendum

circle of the mating gear.
Clearance, c. This is the is the amount by which the dedendum in a
given gear exceeds the addendum of its mating gear.

Mating
gear
teeth acting
Conjugate
Action
against each other to
produce rotary motion
are similar to cams.
When the tooth profiles,
or cams, are designed
so as to produce a
constant angular velocity
ratio during meshing,
these are said to have
conjugate action.

MatingInvolute
gear teeth
acting against each
Profile
other to produce rotary motion are
similar to cams. When the tooth profiles,
or cams, are designed so as to produce
a constant angular velocity ratio during
meshing, these are said to have
conjugate action.

One of these solutions is the

involute profile, which, with few
exceptions, is in universal use for
gear teeth.

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: gear ratio

When two gears are in mesh, their pitch circles roll on one another
without slipping. Then the pitch-line velocity must be constant.
Designate the pitch radii as and
and the angular velocities as
and
, respectively.

Gear ratio

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: gear drawing

gear layout

pressure angle

The angle
is called the pressure
angle, and it usually has values of
20 or 25 degree, with the 20 degree
form most widely available.

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: gear drawing

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: gear drawing

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: important parameter

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: Gear Force Analysis

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: Gear Force Analysis