PASSIVE VOICE

TENSE

TO BE

Simple Present

Is / am / are

Simple Past

Was / were

Present Continuous

is / am/ are + being

Past Continuous

Was / were + being

Present Future

Will + be

Present Perfect

Has / have + been

Past Perfect

Had + been

Future Perfect

Will + had + been

Modals

Must + be / should be

TENSE
Simple Present

ACTIVE VOICE
He eats an apple.

PAST PARTICIPLE

V3

PASSIVE VOICE
An apple is eaten by him.

Simple Past

He ate an apple.

An apple was eaten by him.

Present

He is eating an

An apple is being eaten by

Continuous

apple.
He was eating an

him.
An apple was being eaten

apple.

by him.
An apple will be eaten by

Past Continuous
Present Future

He will eat an apple.

He has eaten an

him.
An apple has been eaten by

apple.
He had eaten an

him.
An apple had been eaten by

apple.
He will have eaten

him.
An apple will have been

an apple.
He must eat an

eaten by him.
An apple must be eaten by

apple.

him.

Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Future Perfect
Modals

The passive forms are made up of the verb be with a past participle:

be

past participle

English

is

spoken

all over the world

The windows

have been

cleaned

Lunch

was being

served

The work

will be

finished

soon

They

might have been

invited

to the party

Another example:
Tense

Active

Passive

present simple

I make a cake.

A cake is made (by me).

present

I am making a cake.

A cake is being made(by

continuous
past simple

me).
I made a cake.

A cake was made (by me).

past

I was making a

A cake was being made (by

continuous

cake.

me).

present perfect

I have made a cake.

A cake has been made(by

me).

pres. perf.

I have been

A cake has been being

continuous

making a cake.

made (by me).

past perfect

I had made a cake.

A cake had been made(by

me).

future simple

I will make a cake.

A cake will be made(by

me).

future perfect

I will have made a

A cake will have been

cake.

made (by me).

EXERCISE:
A. Change into passive!
1. Sales representatives from all the regions attended the meeting.
2. The management will discuss the problem next week.
3. My assistant sent you the invoice last Monday.
4. They invited her to explain her reasons for making the changes.
5. You can find the order form on the last page of the catalogue.
6. When will the IT guy install the software?
7. The committee will not announce the decision until next week.
8. My colleague hasn't introduced me to Dr Young yet.
9. They expect better results soon.
10.You can use this paper for any kind of printer.
KEY:
1.

The meeting was attended by sales representatives from all the regions.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

The problem will be discussed by the management next week.

The invoice was sent to you by my assistance last Monday.
She was invited to explain her reasons for making the changes.
The order form can be found on the last page of the catalogue.
When will the software be installed by the IT guy?
The decision will not be announced by the committee until next week.
I havent been introduced to Dr Young yet.
Better results are expected soon.
This paper can be found for any kind of printer.

B. Rewrite the active sentences in passive voice and the passive

sentences in active voice.
1. Active : Many people visit Washington.
Passive : ___________________________________
2. Active : ___________________________________
Passive : The White House was built by James Hoban.
3. Active : _______________________________________________________
Passive : The White House and the Capitol are connected by
Pennsylvania Avenue.
4. Active : In the Capitol, workers are building a visitors center.
Passive : _______________________________________________________
5. Active : They will probably finish it in 2006.
Passive : ____________________________________
6. Active : ____________________________________
Passive : Portal dolmens were built about 6000 years ago.
7. Active : ______________________________________________________
Passive : Nowadays, portal dolmens can be seen in Ireland, Wales and
Scotland.
8. Active : ____________________________________
Passive : The Hadrians Wall was guarded by 15,000 Roman soldiers.
9. Active :
If enemies attacked the Hadrians Wall, the
soldier at the turrets ran to the nearest milecastle.
Passive : _____________________________________________________________
10.
Active
:
____________________________________
Passive : In 383 Hadrians Wall was abandoned.

KEY:
1.
2.
3.

Washington is visited by many people.

James Hoban built The White House.
Pennsylvania Avenue connects the White House and the Capitol.

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

In the capitol, a visitors center is being built by workers.

It probably will be finished by them (the workers) in 2006.
People built portal dolmens about 6000 years ago.
Nowadays, we/people can see portal dolmens in Ireland, Wales and Scotland.
15,000 Roman soldiers guarded the Hadrians Wall.
If the Hadrians Wall was attacked by enemies, the soldiers at the turrets ran to the nearest milecastle.
In 383 people abandoned Hadrians Wall.

CONDITIONAL
Conditional sentence merupakan kalimat kompleks yang terdiri dari 2 klausa:

klausa anak (dependent clause) berupa if-clause yang memuat kondisi

klausa induk (independent clause)
memuat hasil dari kondisi

If it rains
if clause
kondisi

I will not go to the cinema.

hasil dari kondisi

Types of Conditional
Types of
KONDISI
Conditional

selalu terwujud karena merupakan

Zero

scientific fact atau general truth

Type 1

mungkin terjadi, mungkin tidak (50:50)

tidak atau hampir benar2 tidak mungkin

Type 2

terjadi

Type 3

tidak mungkin terjadi

Conditional Type 1
Pattern:
if + condition
if + simple present

,
,

result
( will + V1

Kalimat
(+)

Contoh Kalimat

If I have free time, I will go swimming.

fact:

Maybe I have a free time. Maybe I dont have a

free time.

If the bell rings, Ill go home.

fact:

The bells maybe ring or maybe it doesnt.

If you meet Andy, ask him to call me

(imperative)
fact:

Maybe I meet Andy or maybe I dont.

(-)

If you dont finish your homework, your teacher

will be angry.
fact:

Maybe you dont finish your homework or maybe

you do.

If he doesnt come, I wont be angry.

fact:

Maybe he doesnt come or maybe he does.

If he comes, I wont be angry.

fact:

Maybe he comes or maybe he does not.

(?)

If they invite you, will you come?

Conditional Type 2
Pattern:

+ V1 )
* could/might

if + condition

result

if + simple past

( would*

Kalim
Contoh Kalimat
at
Mengungkapkan sesuatu

If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day. yang kurang anda yakini
dapat terjadi
fact:

I dont have much hope it will rain

If Nisa studied hard, she would pass the exam.

fact:

Nisa doesnt study hard so she doesnt pass the exam.

(+)

If I had much money, I would buy a sport car.

fact:

I dont have much money so I dont buy a new sport car.

If I were a millionaire, I would donate my money to charity.

fact:

I am not a millionaire so I dont donate my money to charity.

(-)

If Nisa studied hard, she wouldnt fail.

fact:

Nisa doesnt study hard so she fails.

If Nisa didnt study hard, she would fail.
fact:

Nisa studies hard so she doesnt fail.

If I were a millionaire, I wouldnt donate my money to charity.

If Nisa studied hard, would she pass?

(?)

If you had much money, would you buy a sport car?

If you were a millionaire, would you donate my money to charity?

Conditional Type 3
Pattern:
if + condition

result

if + past perfect

( would

have* + V3 )
*should have /could have / might have

Kali
Contoh Kalimat
mat
(+)

If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your

party.
fact:

You didnt remember to invite me so I didnt attend your party.

If I had given the interviewer really good answers, I might have got a
higher position than you.
fact:

You didnt give really good answers so I didnt get a higher position
than you.
If the waitress had been careful, she wouldnt have broken many
(-)

plates.
fact:

The waitress wasnt careful so she broke many plates.

If he had asked you for forgiveness, would you have forgiven him?
(?)

fact:

He didnt ask you for forgiveness.

EXERCISE:
Conditional Type 1
1. If a customer chocolate ice cream from the restaurant, he or
she will get extra toppings.
A.
orders
B.
order
2. The hotel front desk clerk you special price room rates if you
dont ask.
A.
wouldnt offer
B.
wont offer
3. If you call Tessa, I others.
A.
will call
B.
would call
4. If I tell the truth, hurt?
A.
will he gets
B.
will he get
5. Unless it snows, the pavements slippery.
A.
will not
B.
will not be

6. If he the book, I will borrow it in my university library.

A.
hasnt
B.
doesnt have
7. The manager your current income if you can stay focused when
working from home.
A.
will double
B.
doubles
8. You will make your parents sad if you responsible for your life.
A.
dont
B.
arent
9. If you come to her house, she something delicious for you.
A.
will be cooked
B.
will cook
10.
A.
B.

If it rains heavily, under water?

will your home end up
will your home be ended up

Jawaban
1. orders | a customer = singular subject, gunakan orders
2. wont offer | gunakan wont (will not) pada conditional sentence type 1,
bukan wouldnt (would not)
3. will call | gunakan will pada conditional sentence type 1, bukan would
4. will he get | verb setelah modal auxiliary verb (will) berbentuk dasar
(bare infinitive) tanpa penambahan -s/-es
5. will not be | Karena slippery = adjective, maka perlu digunakan verb to
be. Verb to be yang dapat berada diantara modal dan adjective adalah
be.
6. doesnt have | Verb have membutuhkan dummy auxiliary verb
do/does/did untuk membentuk negative sentence.
7. will double | Conditional sentence type 1 menggunakan modal verb,
bukan hanya verb.
8. arent | Karena responsible = adjective, maka perlu digunakan verb to be.
Verb to be yang cocok dengan subject you adalah are.
9. will cook | Kalimat menggunakan active voice.
10.will your home end up | Kalimat menggunakan active voice.

Conditional Mix
1. If you got a bunch of money, it on stupid things?
A.
would you spend
B.
would you have spent
2. If the student had got enough sleep, she difficulties in reading
the material.
A.
wouldnt have faced
B.
wouldnt has faced
3. If I you, I would look for my passion to find a new career.
A.
was

B.

were

4. When he to sleep, he never counts sheep leaping over fences.

A.
goes
B.
will go
5. If I advise her about travelling by plane with children, to me?
A.
will she listen
B.
she will listen
6. It would be fun if the button to lower volume on my PC
properly.
A.
could worked
B.
could work
7. Your calls if you had replied her text message fast.
A.
wouldnt have ignored
B.
wouldnt have been ignored
8. Your sister to you if you dont stop yelling at her.
A.
wont be nice
B.
wouldnt be nice
9. If adults a single espresso, it can slow the flow of blood to their
heart.
A.
drink
B.
will drink
10.
A.
B.

If I tall, I would consider joining the army.

was
Were

Jawaban
1. would you spend
2. wouldnt have faced
3. were
4. goes | zero conditional berupa habitual activity (kebiasaan)
5. will she listen
6. could work
7. wouldnt have been ignored
8. wont be nice
9. drink | zero conditional berupa scientific fact
10.Were
1. If you an umbrella, you wouldnt have got wet.
A.
had took
B.
had taken
2. If you about personal financial planning, you couldve spent
your money wisely.
A.
had known
B.
had knew
3. She your calls if you had reply her text message fast.
A.
wouldnt have been ignored
B.
wouldnt have ignored

4. Had you treated your maid better, she

A.
wouldnt have ran away
B.
wouldnt have run away
5. If he had come to ask forgiveness, his apologies?
A.
would you have accept
B.
would you have accepted
6. If our friend hadnt forgotten to renew his visa, he
A.
wouldnt have been deported
B.
wouldnt have deported
7. If the student the instructions carefully, he wouldnt have
broken an dessicator.
A.
have listened and followed
B.
had listened and followed
8. If the driver , he wouldnt have crashed concrete road
separators.
A.
hadnt got enough sleep
B.
had got enough sleep
9. If you that you couldnt handle the pressure anymore, your
parents might have helped you.
A.
had told
B.
have told
10.
A.
B.

If you earlier, you could have seen the beautiful sunrise.

had woken up
had woke up

Jawaban
1. had taken
2. had known
3. wouldnt have ignored
4. wouldnt have run away
5. would you have accepted
6. wouldnt have been deported
7. had listened and followed
8. had got enough sleep
9. had told
10.had woken up