Dept.

of Marine Engineering
Institute Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS),
Surabaya

Dr.Eng. Trika Pitana

Marine Safety
(Keselamatan Kapal)

 Tidak diperbolehkan untuk Bacem,

Berbuat Curang, CoPas (Copy Paste).
Diskusi diperbolehkan tetapi ide
penulisan sendiri-sendiri
UTS dan UAS akan ditentukan oleh
Dosen Pembina Mata Kuliah
Orisinalitas ide lebih dihargai
Nilai berdasarkan nilai kejujuran
Anda.

Rules of the Game

Your Success depends on your

motivation!!!

Your Success depends on yourself

.!!!!

Dear Folks,

Rules of the Games

 Risk Assessment
Formal Safety Assessement
Marine Evacuation Assessment, etc

Preventive Action

Investigation

Lesson Learnt

International Regulation (Fund, CLC, Bunker etc)

Remedial Action

International Regulation (SOLAS, MARPOL, COLREG etc)

Interested Parties (Actors in Shipping)

Responsive Action

Several Cases of Marine Accidents

Maritime Risk Picture

Rules of the Game

Introduction

Outline

Outlines

Torrey Canyon

http://ecolocalizer.com/2009/05/01/the-exxonvaldez-oil-spill-20-years-after-the-analysis/

Source:

Exxon Valdez

Background

etc

FSA

A need for greater consistency and

cost effectiveness in future revision
and regulation

etc

Stockholm Agreement

Capsizing, Flooding and Sinking of

Estonia

Oil Pollution Act (OPA) 90

Double Hull (MARPOL 73/78)

International Safety and

Management (ISM) Code

The lost of Herald free Enterprise

The Lost of Passenger Ferry
Scandinavian Star

Exxon Valdez

Paris MOU

Responses

Need to increase marine safety.

Flag state control is not efficient
enough.

Background

Recent Marine Accidents and

Responses

Source: Schroeder, J.J.(2003). Handout of Marine Casualty Investigation:

Technical Aspects

Maritime Risk Pictures

Maritime Risk Pictures

Maritime Risk Pictures

diolah dari mahkamah pelayaran

2008

Sumber:

Jenis Kecelakaan Laut

diolah dari mahkamah pelayaran

2008

Faktor Penyebab Kecelakaan Laut

Maritime Risk Picture

12%

18%

13%

Other
Contact
Stranded
Collision
Fire and Explosion
Foundered

Kristiansen, S. (2005)

Source: World Casualties Statistics, LR of

Shipping

Percentage Distribution of Accident Types

leading to total loss, world fleet 2001

54%

2%1%

1%

13%

11%

0%

29%

Miscellaneous
Hull/Machinery
Missing
Foundered
Fire/Explossion
Grounding
Contact
Collision

(Source: Lloyd Register of Shipping, taken

from Kristiansen, S.(2005))

Serious ships Casualties, world fleet 19801989

23%

7%

16%

Maritime Risk Picture

 Influence made by other ship

Other ships

Human failure etc

Neglect

Maneuvering operation, poor of understanding of situation

Navigational Failure

In adequate ergonomic condition

Less than adequate resources

Failure of technical equipmen

Functional Failure

Weather, visual condition

The main causal factors of marine accident (Kristiasen, 2005) are

as follows:
External Condition

Main Causal Factor of Accident

 Flag Effect
Age Effect
Effect of Activity Level

Causal Factors

Ship Builder

Company

Management

Ship Owner

Flag State

(Actors in Shipping)

Marine Safety

Cargo Owner

Insurer

Port State

Society

Classification

Interested Parties

Technical Standart of vessel

Decide whether technical Standard will above minimum requirements

Select crew
Make decision regarding to safety policies

Pay the transport service and thereby also the quality and the safety of vessel operation
May undertake the independence assessment of the quality of the shipper

Take the main part of the risk on half of the shipper and cargo owner

Control Technical Standard on behalf of Insurer

Responsible for crewing, operation and keep condition of the vessel on behalf of the ship owner

Control of vessel, crew standards (STCW) and management standars (ISM Code) (Statutory
survey)

Responsible on Safety in Port and harbour approach

May Control safety Standard of Vessels and in Extreme Case deny access for substandar vessel.

Port Administration

Flag State

Management Company

Classification Society

Insurer

Cargo Owner

Ship Owner

Ship Builder

Interested Parties

 Focus on Consequences rather than

root causes.
Complexity: Difficult to change people
behaviour
Unwillingness to change

Most people do not believe that

decreasing of marine accident is due to
successful of safety culture

Short Memory

Fact:
Why Safety Improvement is difficult

4.

3.

2.

1.

Soares, G.C, Teixeira, A.P.(2001). Risk

Assessment in Maritime Transports, Journal of
Reliability Engineering and System Safety.
Kristiansen,S, (2005). Maritime Transportation
Safety Management and Risk Analysis.
http://ecolocalizer.com/2009/05/01/the-exxonvaldez-oil-spill-20-years-after-the-analysis/
retrieved 30 Agustus 2010
Schroeder, J.J.(2003). WMUs Handout of Marine
Casualty Investigation: Technical Aspects

References: