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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K,

Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron,
Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon,
Panel
on Micronutrients,
Subcommittees on Upper
Vanadium,
and Zinc
Reference Levels of Nutrients and of Interpretation and
Use of Dietary Reference Intakes, and the Standing
Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary
Reference Intakes
ISBN: 0-309-51199-2, 800 pages, 6 x 9, (2000)
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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10026.html

Table Continued
FOOD AND NUTRITION BOARD, INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES:
RECOMMENDED INTAKES FOR INDIVIDUALS, ELEMENTS
Life Stage
Group
Infants
06 mo
712 mo
Children
13 y
48 y
Males
913 y
1418 y
1930 y
3150 y
5170 y
> 70 y
Females
913 y
1418 y
1930 y
3150 y
5170 y
> 70 y
Pregnancy
18 y
1930 y
3150 y
Lactation
18 y
1930 y
3150 y

Calcium
(mg/d)

210*
270*

Chromium
(g/d)

0.2*
5.5*

Copper
(g/d)

Fluoride
(mg/d)

Iodine
(g/d)

Iron
(mg/d)

Magnesium
(mg/d)

200*
220*

0.01*
0.5*

110*
130*

0.27*
11

90
90

7
10

80
130

30*
75*

500*
800*

11*
15*

340
440

0.7*
1*

1,300*
1,300*
1,000*
1,000*
1,200*
1,200*

25*
35*
35*
35*
30*
30*

700
890
900
900
900
900

2*
3*
4*
4*
4*
4*

120
150
150
150
150
150

8
11
8
8
8
8

240
410
400
420
420
420

1,300*
1,300*
1,000*
1,000*
1,200*
1,200*

21*
24*
25*
25*
20*
20*

700
890
900
900
900
900

2*
3*
3*
3*
3*
3*

120
150
150
150
150
150

8
15
18
18
8
8

240
360
310
320
320
320

1,300*
1,000*
1,000*

29*
30*
30*

1,000
1,000
1,000

3*
3*
3*

220
220
220

27
27
27

400
350
360

1,300*
1,000*
1,000*

44*
45*
45*

1,300
1,300
1,300

3*
3*
3*

290
290
290

10
9
9

360
310
320

continued
dietary supply of choline is needed at all stages of the life cycle, and it may be that
the choline requirement can be met by endogenous synthesis at some of these
stages.
h Because 10 to 30 percent of older people may malabsorb food-bound B , it is
12
advisable for those older than 50 years to meet their RDA mainly by consuming
foods fortified with B12 or a supplement containing B12 .
i In view of evidence linking folate intake with neural tube defects in the fetus, it is
recommended that all women capable of becoming pregnant consume 400 g
from supplements or fortified foods in addition to intake of food folate from a
varied diet.

772

Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10026.html

Iron
(mg/d)

0.27*
11

Magnesium
(mg/d)

30*
75*

Manganese
(mg/d)

0.003*
0.6*

Molybdenum
(g/d)

2*
3*

Phosphorus Selenium
(mg/d)
(g/d)

Zinc
(mg/d)

100*
275*

15*
20*

2*
3

7
10

80
130

1.2*
1.5*

17
22

460
500

20
30

3
5

8
11
8
8
8
8

240
410
400
420
420
420

1.9*
2.2*
2.3*
2.3*
2.3*
2.3*

34
43
45
45
45
45

1,250
1,250
700
700
700
700

40
55
55
55
55
55

8
11
11
11
11
11

8
15
18
18
8
8

240
360
310
320
320
320

1.6*
1.6*
1.8*
1.8*
1.8*
1.8*

34
43
45
45
45
45

1,250
1,250
700
700
700
700

40
55
55
55
55
55

8
9
8
8
8
8

27
27
27

400
350
360

2.0*
2.0*
2.0*

50
50
50

1,250
700
700

60
60
60

12
11
11

10
9
9

360
310
320

2.6*
2.6*
2.6*

50
50
50

1,250
700
700

70
70
70

13
12
12

j It is assumed that women will continue consuming 400 g from supplements or

fortified food until their pregnancy is confirmed and they enter prenatal care,
which ordinarily occurs after the end of the periconceptional periodthe critical
time for formation of the neural tube.

Copyright 2001 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

SOURCES: Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and
Fluoride (1997); Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate,
Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (1998); Dietary Reference Intakes for
Vitamin C, Vitamine E, Selenium, and Carotenoids (2000); and Dietary Reference Intakes for
Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum,
Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2001). These reports may be accessed via www.nap.edu.

773

Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.