Stable Isotopes

0
-20
-40
Delta Deuterium - per mil
-60
-80
-100
-120
-140
-160
-22

-20

-18

-16

-14

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

10

Delta Oxygen 18 - per mil

337385601.xlsx

11/18/2016

3000

Quartz
Geothermometer Enthalpy - kj/kg
2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
0

500

1000

1500

2000
Chloride - ppm

2500

3000

3500

4000

1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7

10Mg/(10Mg+Ca)
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

10K/(10K+Na)

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

log(K2/Mg)
0

-1

-4

-3

-2

Log(PCO2) bar

log(K2/Ca)
2

-1

log (K2/Mg)
0
0

100

200

SiO2 mg/kg
300

400

500

600

Partial Equilibration
Immature Waters

Li - Rb - Cs Ternary

337385601.xlsx

11/18/2016

Li - Rb - Cs Ternary

337385601.xlsx

11/18/2016

Prospect Map
659000

654000

---------------------------------

649000
UTM North

644000

639000

634000
350000

355000

360000
UTM East

365000

370000

Geothermometers
Temperatures in degrees C
Amorphous
Silica

Sample Name
Piwakawaka Spring
Pukeko Pool
Tui Spring
Kotare Spring
Wooden Pigeon Spring
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

97
88
167
85
71
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Chalcedony
Quartz cond
cond
208
197
291
193
177
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

223
214
315
211
197
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Quartz
adiabatic

Na-K-Ca

Na-K-Ca Mg
corr

Na/K
Fournier

Na/K
Truesdell

Na/K
(Giggenbach)

202
195
254
192
181
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

42
123
263
84
204
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

-21
-54
263
84
204
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

185
301
270
217
229
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

148
300
257
188
202
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

202
309
281
232
243
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

K/Mg
(Giggenbach)
44
88
271
99
205
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

Liquid chemistry plotting spreadsheet version 5

T. Powell Thermochem, Inc. 18 June 2005

Sample Name
Piwakawaka Spring
Pukeko Pool
Tui Spring
Kotare Spring
Wooden Pigeon Spring

Lab Number

Copy water chemistry data into data field below. Use negative num
Data will be plotted at detection. Cut/paste or move data but do
Sample
Label
22 July 2013 PS
23 July 2013 PP
24 July 2013 TS
25 July 2013 KS
26 July 2013 WS
Date

UTM east

UTM north

Elevation

CFB Ternary

eld below. Use negative numbers to indicate detection limit.

ut/paste or move data but do not delete lines or columns.

Temp C
97
85
100
86
76

pH
2.5
3
8
5
7.3

Li

Cl
F
B

Ternary plot
multiplier factors:

Na

30
71
1275
170
403

Ca
2
16.4
223
17
46

15.7
14.5
13.91
112
14

CLB Ternary

Mg

1
25
25

SiO2
3.59
5.02
0.07
2.23
0.04

350
314
726
300
250

Cl
Li
B

CLB Ternary

LRC Ternary
1
100
25

Cl
7
32
2222
10
537

Li
Rb
Cs

CSH Ternary
1
4
10
mg/kg

SO4
865
123
30
168
105

Cl
SO4
HCO3

HCO3
0
0
0
68
276

NKM Ternary
1
1
1

CO3

Na
K
Mg^.5

NH4

1
10
1000

As

Rb

Cs

Isotopes
Position of fractionation cluster
Position of meteoric trend line label

Sr

Ba

Fe

Mn

Cond
umhos/cm

-10
-16

del 18O

-20

del D

sum
cations
5.57
5.64
61.86
13.61
19.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

sum
anions
18.21
3.46
63.31
4.89
21.86
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Charge
Balance
-53%
24%
-1%
47%
-6%

Liquid_Analysis_v1_Powell-2010-StanfordGW Geochemical Plotting Spreadsheet

The charts and geothermometry report in this spreadsheet are described in an accompanying article b
Cumming delivered at the 35th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford University, S
February 1-3, 2010. References for the calculations and charts can be found in that document

This spreadsheet accepts water chemistry and stable isotope data and plots them in standard ternary a
grids. Data are pasted into the 'Input' sheet and appear on all the graphics applicable to that data type
cut, pasted and moved within the data entry field without changing cell addresses in the calculations.

Graphics can be edited directly as EXCEL97 graphics and certain grid dimentions (e.g. multipliers on t
evaporation cluster location on the stable isotope grid) can be changed on the 'input' sheet. Fields for
parameters are located above the data entry field.
Data entry field:
1)

Rows 7 through 36 accept data for the plots (30 data points). The first 3 columns (Sample Name
Date) are not referenced by the plots and are there for user reference.

2)

Sample Label' in column D is a text field that will determine the label for points on the plots. The
chart labeler 97' can also be used to label the charts

3)

Columns E, F, G & H are for UTM location, elevation and sample temperature. These will be us
locations on the "Map" sheet. Scales on the "Map" chart will need to be adjusted to accomodate t
square-dimentioned empty text box is included in the upper left corner to assist in rectifying the Nscales of the map

4)

Enter or copy in laboratory analysis data (as mg/kg) in columns I through AD. Parts per million (pp
mg/kg. Data in moles/liter can be converted to mg/kg by multipying by the appropriate molecular
analyte. Henly, Truesdell & Barton (1984) suggest that mg/litre can be converted directly to mg/kg
error below about 35,000 mg/kg total dissolved solids, which can be approximated by the sum of a
concentrations a correction for the density of the sample is needed. Data are sometimes listed in w
which can be directly converted to mg/kg (1wt%=10,000 mg/kg). For a more complete discussion
analyses and their conversion to mg/kg, see Hem (1970). Negative values are interpreted a "belo
plotted at the detection limit.

5)

Enter stable isotope data as "del" expressed in per mil (parts per thousand) in columns AE and AF
computed relative to the SMOW standard, such that del = (R - R SMOW) / RSMOW, where R is the isoto
sample (18O/16O or D/H) and RSMOW is the isotope ratio of the standard. For most geothermal fluids
del D will be negative.

6)

Columns BJ through BL present the sums of cations and anions charge (in meq/mg) and the char
percentage of the total ionic charge of the solution [cations-anions]/[cations+anions]. Charge in m
(meq/kg) is calculated using the conversion factors in Row 5 of hidden columns AG to BI. The con
iron assumes Fe+2. The sum of cations includes pH only if a pH value is entered. Charge balance
are highlighted in red font. An excess of anions or cations greater than this indicates an erroneou
the major ionic species or a missing major ionic species

7)

Points plotted on the grids are accompanied by labels input in column D. Empty data rows (rows
chemical or isotope data) are plotted outside of the chart area (99, -99, 999, etc) and their data lab
Labels for incomplete data will sometimes be plotted to the left outside the chart area. These can
presentation by adjusting the plot ranges of the charts. This may, however, permanently remove t
data range beyond the plot range. It is recommended that graphs to be altered for presentation sh
separate sheet (Menu:"Edit"/"Move or Copy Sheet"/"Create a Copy" checkbox)

8)

Ternary vertex multipliers (the amounts multiplying the elements in the ternary plots) can be chang
above the data input field. It should be noted that in most cases the values in the box are those u
originator (i.e, W Giggenbach). The location of the evaporation trend cluster in the isotope chart
meteoric trend line label can be changed in the box on the upper right.

The "Report" sheet gives the results of standard geothermometer calculations for the chemical an
sample name, source and date.
Notes:
9)

1)

Columns AG to BI are hidden. These cells copy the cells in the input field based upon fixed cell a
data can be cut/pasted and moved in the input data field without changing cell addresses in the ca

2)

Columns BM to CT are hidden. These cells contain the geothermometer and ternary grid calculat

3)

Two additional sheets used to generate the plots are hidden but available. Tgrid has the plot data
grids. Ref has reference plot data for the ternaries and cross plots.

4)

Input units are in mg/kg of the chemical species indicated. Data reported for a different variety of
NH3 rather than NH4) needs to be adjusted by the ratio of molecular weights (i.e. mg/kg NH4 = m

5)

Some labs report total inorganic carbon (H2CO3+HCO3 -+CO3=) instead of bicarbonate and carbo
generally reported in units of bicarbonate ("as bicarbonate") and, confusingly, is often called bicarb
inorganic carbon is entered into the bicarbonate field it will result in an excess of anions over catio
does not have a charge in solution. Data should be requested as concentrations of these separate
(i.e., carbonic acid or dissolved CO2, bicarbonate and carbonate)

Plotting Spreadsheet

an accompanying article by T Powell & W

ring, Stanford University, Stanford, California,
d in that document

them in standard ternary and geothermometer

pplicable to that data type. Data may also be
sses in the calculations.

ntions (e.g. multipliers on ternary diagrams and

e 'input' sheet. Fields for changing these

3 columns (Sample Name, Lab Number &

r points on the plots. The Excel 97 add-in 'X-Y

perature. These will be used to plot the

adjusted to accomodate the locations. A
o assist in rectifying the N-S and E-W grid

h AD. Parts per million (ppm) is equivalent to

he appropriate molecular weight of the
onverted directly to mg/kg without noticable
proximated by the sum of analytes. At higher
a are sometimes listed in weight percent,
more complete discussion of units reported in
ues are interpreted a "below detection" and are

and) in columns AE and AF. Del values are

RSMOW, where R is the isotope ratio of the
For most geothermal fluids both del 18O and

(in meq/mg) and the charge balance as a

ions+anions]. Charge in milliequivalents per kg
columns AG to BI. The conversion factor for
entered. Charge balances greater than +-5%
this indicates an erroneous analysis of one of

. Empty data rows (rows without input

999, etc) and their data labels are blank.
he chart area. These can be removed for
ver, permanently remove the labels from the
altered for presentation should be moved to a
eckbox)

ernary plots) can be changed in the boxes

ues in the box are those used by the plot
uster in the isotope chart ("Iso") and the

ations for the chemical analysis, along with

ld based upon fixed cell addresses, so that

ng cell addresses in the calculations.

r and ternary grid calculations

e. Tgrid has the plot data for the ternary

d for a different variety of that species (i.e.,

ights (i.e. mg/kg NH4 = mg/kg NH3*(18/17))

d of bicarbonate and carbonate. This is

ingly, is often called bicarbonate. If total
xcess of anions over cations because H2CO3
ntrations of these separate carbonate specie

Lab
Source

Date

Sample
Label

9-Apr-09

SPW/SBY05

5.08

3.1

9-Apr-09

SPW/SBY05

5.02

3.1

Kamojang

20-May-09 SPW/SBY05

5.23

3.9

Kamojang

25-May-09 SPW/SBY05

5.23

5.73

Geoservice

23-Jun-09 SPW/SBY05

5.02

0.01

0.1

0.1

1.1

0.1

Geoservice

23-Jun-09 SPW/SBY05

5.07

0.01

0.1

0.1

0.83

0.1

Geoservice

23-Jun-09 SPW/SBY05

5.1

0.01

0.1

0.13

1.1

0.1

1.3

Geoservice

23-Jun-09 SPW/SBY05

4.94

0.01

0.1

0.11

1.07

0.1

Kamojang

27-Jul-09 SPW/SBY05

4.92

0.006

0.167

0.24

0.29

0.014

2.68

Kamojang

27-Jul-09 SPW/SBY05

5.03

0.029

0.396

0.29

0.54

0.021

3.87

Kamojang

27-Jul-09 SPW/SBY05

4.8

0.019

0.27

0.22

0.52

0.021

2.5

Kamojang

19-Aug-09 SPW/SBY05

5.08

0.005

0.288

0.18

0.4

0.01

2.18

Kamojang

29-Aug-09 SPW/SBY05

4.76

Kamojang

12-Nov-09 SPW/SBY05

5.02

0.028

0.12

0.22

0.23

0.002

4.16

Kamojang

12-Nov-09 SPW/SBY05

5.16

0.001

0.256

0.21

0.23

0.021

3.57

Kamojang

12-Nov-09 SPW/SBY05

4.99

0.021

0.226

0.29

0.39

0.028

2.38

Kamojang

22-Dec-09 SCS/SBY05

5.24

0.057

0.087

0.15

0.005

12.36

Kamojang

22-Dec-09 SPW/SBY05

6.38

1.558

521.6

294.6

60.62

1.186

321.99

Kamojang

20-Jan-10 SPW/SBY05

4.46

0.69

550.92

220.75

8.51

1.13

399.99

Kamojang

25-Feb-10 SPW/SBY05

5.51

1.148

277.93

268.5

3.95

0.999

684.5

Kamojang
Kamojang

pH

Li

Na

Ca

Mg

SiO2

Cl

SO4

HCO3

As

Fe

0.41

4.28

0.11

25.88

57.64

0.2

0.68

0.28

3.5

0.1

9.67

62.53

0.19

0.35

6.14

0.075

11.31

43.22

0.63

0.44

8.38

0.061

16.73

29.21

0.55

0.45

0.13

11

38

0.006

0.4

0.58

0.24

37

0.001

0.4

0.63

0.1

51

0.005

0.26

0.31

0.24

25

0.001

0.003

0.33

2.54

0.08

13.61

40.22

0.39

0.31

2.28

0.096

12.68

61.48

0.52

0.32

0.32

0.141

10.63

30.67

0.7

0.34

1.15

0.08

10.7

45.64

0.163

0.14

0.129

27.16

0.015

0.33

0.31

0.076

7.7

54.15

0.05

0.059

0.39

1.37

0.09

4.12

59.04

0.11

0.462

0.37

0.6

0.165

2.47

38.47

0.04

0.272

0.39

0.26

0.11

10.56

51.89

0.01

1.517

13.77

1595.89

3.7

12

23.61

1.64

0.206

14.98

1574.65

2.8

34.4

7.21

1.76

0.104

13.82

1533.7

10.27

37.39

14.22

1.53

0.336

sum
cations

sum
anions

Charge
Balance

-1.6

-100

-1.33

-100

-1.12

-100

-1.06

-100

0.07

-0.96

-86.45

0.06

-0.87

-87.81

0.07

-1.12

-88.05

0.07

-0.69

-81.82

0.03

-1.01

-94.45

0.05

-1.34

-92.29

0.04

-0.73

-88.46

0.04

-1

-92.68

-0.58

-100

0.02

-1.06

-95.83

0.03

-1.09

-94.72

0.04

-0.7

-89.38

0.01

-1.08

-98.51

33.34

-45.59

-15.52

30.12

-45.19

-20.02

19.23

-44.21

-39.38