SECTION

8.I TURFING
8.1.2
9.1.3

8.i.4

l.?.i

8.3
8.4
8.5

Close Turfing

Strip

Turfinf

Spot

Turfinj

s8-t
s8- I

58-I

Soiting

SB-I

I ?.1
8.2.j

1..

Page

ARTICULATED PRECASTCONCRETE
FLEX SLABS

8.2-l
l.?.2

fiil,'1-

_ B,dM{ PR.OTECTION
IVORKS

s8-l

I,l.l

82

FIex SIab Insrallation Method

Slope preparation

Layingof Geotextile Fitter

Fabric
Layingof Ston" Lyer----'
Laying of Flex SfuU ESeOn

ROCK RIPRAP (ROCK

ARMOUR) FOR BANK PROTECTION

s8-2
s8-2
s8-2
s8-3
s8-3
.s8-3
s8-1

MA.TERIALS.FORFILTERS

.s&5
GEOTEXTILE

8.5.1 Generat
physical properries
ofGeotexrile
!S- _2
8_5.3 Sroraee, tnstallation an;
M;;;..enr
8.5.4 propenties

s8-5

s8-5
of Geotextile

s8-5
s8-6
s8-7

!l

6.

I
I

SECTION
8-t

- BANK PROTECTION WORJ(S

TTIRFING

i)

AII turf shill be cut 300 mm

wide and at leasr 300 mm
long. The hrrf shall consist

,::;",1?,i,T;.;;:ii1il?::;irxi,Tt
plants and shall be nreferabl"

j#,*T*;;*:*:Hj":1ffi

r"iJ*iai."alo", ir is cur. Tuif thar cannor ,t",

be Iaid
a" aircretion of the s-o. be crassified
as

within three days of cutting'

,.ruy u,

topsoil.

2)

Turf shall

!e firmlr embedded in freshly prepapd topsoir dressing and wrrere

shall be pegged down with t#
niooa"n pegs. The contractor
deemed ro have auoweJin
shag be
nfu;r{f..:;ui*
*.t"ri.,g of newry laid turf during
dry weather until such tirnes
as ;t is nrirry established. Any
turf which dries
through lack of water, ,h.ll
U","pf""J uin.r"on,.""tor,s
necessa-ry'

3)
8.I.1

CLOSE

own.expenses.

All turfing shall

f'rished to give a smooth compact

surface. where..stgip *6
the"turr;;ii ; shnd out above rie
'oll.T*i.i
:T*.v_"4
urroundrng topsoil' Turfing'shalr
rever or.rhe
p.o"""Jiog"tt er with the spreading
of topsol-

TURIqING

be

':

'

ffi"n:f;:#HffJ:ti':ff:

the sharr be placed so that

rhey cover the whore area

8-1.2 sTR@ TURF.n{G

[!ere strip turfing.is required, the turf shall be laid in 300mrn wide with a clear
600mm betweenadja"tni't'ip,
space of
or as directed by the i.o.. wrr""
the surfacels on u rropg
the sr.ip shail be Iaii parallelil;;
.
surface of rhe slope.

a:

8.1-3 SpOT TtIR_Fp1rc

where spot turfilg is required
the turf of 300-mrn square shat
be raid at one merer centres
rn any two directions at right
angres to each other oras directed
by the S.o.

8-1.4

SOILTNG
Topsoil of 100 mm thickness
shari b,"
from spoir durnps, spread and compa'
surface to be turfed as directed
on rhe
uv trr. P.D. The
shail get soir from'ternpora{y
dumps or other sources with
"ooou.ro.
the piio. upp.o.,al of the
p.D.

t:n

s8- I

8.2

ARTICULATED PRECAST
CONCR-ETE FLEX SLABS
The articulated slab system
shall be able to

wi&stand hydrodynamic forces.

system shall be able to provide
The siab
protection to
rv ,r,.
Lrre p.o["ted
surface against a flow verociry
Prule
of 5 m/s.

'

The articurated slab

system shat arso be abre

to withstand hydrostatic forces and
rnaintenance machinery
roading.. The desfun ,i"rr
i"."ure
arising frorn rapidly varied
*uC l"rr.tr;?;,i.lo1r.r,... to prevent pressurq buirdup
The articulated slab system
shall be stable- Each individuar
slab shail weigh no ress than
l80kg/m2
th"
th"li';;
capabte or int"rio"ting
T9

tl;t

dimensional
-interlocking
single slab shall
be

lTff,*ffil
r:

t'
i:

tyti-*. witl n.ol", ;il;;

""pirr; "iu."o*ing Jltril;ii',
shall be
or alowirig
,h"

'upuut"

with each othei ro form a j_

ending along the perimerer,

no
tn" sylt.m. ii,* l.i"rrocking or

';il;;.frecr

verricarry wirhour roosenins

rhe articulated slab system shail

be of the fle*ibre arrnor
impaired not weak"nti
fpe. The system sha, not be
uy'ffi*ovement of the embankment
resurting from settlement
or other minor adjustments
*iiro*i loosening th; i"".i"lt
The design 'of the systern
shall perrnit easy mainfenanceEach individ'al slab sha, be
to be handled easily and
able
instaliJ-man*iiy *irr,"rr;; ;r.
of rnachinery. Locar damage
can be easily repaired
to

maintain th"

i"r"dqy;;;;*,;

There shail be a minirnurn

area of ,rry:gou*n opening
on the exposed surface of the
to allow for earth filling
srab
and cultivatron otgrass.

The slabs shall be reinforced

and prec'st using steer mourds
under good qualiry contror.
The materiar used srrat
grade go cincr"te ,nJo"nr"ry
compacted"

b";;;;

8.2.1

FLEX-SI,.ABS D\,STA-{,LATIOF{
nmTI{OD

:::ff:;x:'h^1f"li::.i'abs

FS60R or Fs50 are normalty

instau using the fouowing

O.ne.(l) Backhoe (used

for handling only).

Six (6)

Labourers

Other machinery that may

be required is one ( I) Roiler
Compacter.

8.2.2 SLOPEPREPARATIOI{
Before any installation

wor(

the slope of the revetment

must be prepared.

;,:Affir::J,PrH:#;k *-#*;;
a

s8-2

ili #fi"*l ,.pui, to

rhe

Any uneven
cone* srope and

8.2.3 LA}]NG OF GEOTEXTILB

FTLTER FA.BRIC

once the t':i:lfl:leen^P.reparedand

the roe area are excavared
ro the required profire, a
sheet of geotextile filter
fabr; *itt.u.
musr praced with rhe
,"or""tire
under

pr"";-; i;.}i)

*ate.,

$::ffiffi#J:X?"i$*T"

;d;;,

be raken

,o,".u."-or

hord the

8.2.4 LAYING OF STONE LATER.

The next step is to place
a layer tt t-l":.^:I:r the georextireFor river use, the stone lalr'er
recommended is l00mm
thick and the.stone size_1angs_from
50_75mm. All this is done
using the manual tuuo,,.".,
in l.y

"*airi* ;;;j;;tl

Ievel.

uu.tt o" unt' it reaches

rhe cr.est

8.2.5 LAYING OF'F'I,EX-SLA-BFS6OR

t:

{l

The final step is the placing

of Flex-slab on top of the stone
or

assisted

o1I*"

lror ilunais.q o-r1".?

"
SIab, the capping
beam, if any
work at the toe area wit

h{",

layer. This is done riranuary

of the laving of rhe FIex-

wif t" consrructed. "o*pi"tio'

be done

d*ilgs:-10w

warer level. A ternporary bund

constucted in front of the
might be
work area to facilitate trt"-*".t. pumping
work area will be done if
of water out of the
nt"ttu.y ,o reduce

work on the top portion will

be

ttr"

"r,'rlla

s8-j

*"i.r't"vel

during the construction.

out during the high warer level.

ROCK RTFRA? TROCK ARMOIjR.)

FOR EANK PROTECTTON

8_3

Rock Rip Ral for bank

bed protectio' and stabirization
shail consisr of hard, durabre
rock from an approved source,
i:1
i,
th.
2600 to z700kg/n3. rt
shall be sound arrd. generarry
n"cts that
physically weak shall riot
fractured, porous or

*i',ilJ.*iry
"i"*. riprap.
be;.;;;

;;;;;;"."
,ll"*i*nd,

Riprap stone shall be a-ngular

or blocky in shapg rather
thaa elonlated or flanened.
more than 25 percent of the
No
stones ,t ulin",n. ienerh
g."uro
,h,,' 2-5 tirnes the breadth or
thickness- No stone shall
f.
have;;,ril;eeding

tL"Jri",l, Lu."aath

The contractor shall provide

suitable
q]aced

;;IIfiprovide

directcontacr with each oth".

*i*L

ri

ma<

a minimum

:Tl,ts,ttdiquipment

orrhickness.

so that the stones can be

be praced in

no;;;:"ffi::t"*:.,;iffi.,:1""il';1tr

The
shall be carefully paced to
minimize segregation of stone
'prap
sizes, and cracking or
spalling
of he stone'
ir
p."#ury.
praced
by
dragrine,
-Larg"itone
or
by a fronr-end loader.
The stones shat nor.b"
4 6rr heighl a"nr.i"iirre
the largest stone used i"
rnaximum diameter of
A".ip*f.-a4r

d;pfi_ill'";;,

The stone shall be pl4;,ed as

close as possible in its final
resting place on the initial
atempt, and any rehaadring
by d,ore.r o, Ji*it* op".utioo-io
,r""rr,

rninimized, and onry

carrij."t *irrr n" iip.o.,"t-*a a;.""tionlrthethe surface shourd be

Engineer on site.

on completion

of the,1"+
r placernent
shourd have a uniform surface to
r---.
fhe 'prap
any excessive localized turbulenceavoid
The grading of the stone provided
for the riprap shat be as fo'ows:

Percentage

Weight of Srone (kg)

Smaller than
Weight given

Maximum

Minimum
thickness

(mm)

s8-4

8.4

MATBRIALS FOR. FTI,TER.S

Materials for the coarse filters
shall be granular material
obtained foqn sources approved
Representative una" rLf f conform

by the S.O. or his

to

follows:-

Percentage

rrn"tt",

Stone sizE
6mm)
for coarse filter

than size given

8.5

the grading requirernenb

GEOTEXTNLE

i,..

.t

8.5.1 GENERAI,
The geotextile fabric shall

meet the
appropriaresizeshan.b;'*or*";"';Tir_a:f

#?*:1,*ll:"r*bff :i":j::i

reqtlired' for cornparati*"

t"tiing rguinst material, .uodomiy
sampred from the Site.

E.5.2 PHVSICALPR.OPER.TMSOF'GEOTEXTtrI-E

(l)

The geotexrile fabric shall

be

orpo-rypropyreneor""';;fi:-l:'.u.1ifi
mechanically bonded (needie-punched)

(2)

;11;:T%:::Xl:ffi:,1i,T,:ll

io fon , .

homogeneous sheet. Geotextire

manufactured from stapre or
waste or recycred fibres sha,
not be accepted-

The manufacturer is required.

a,":,.rtry that the quariry
manufacture of the geotextile

of porymer used in

the

shall retain at lealt g0% of the

original tensile
strength values un"t Jto.ttinuour'.nporure
tot
LvL natural
-'Lrvdq'v
rtalur( sunlight in Asian condifions
-for a period of one rnor-tth-

(3)

The fibres. ysed in the manufacture

of the geotextile shall be resistant to lons
term
cementitious substratei or acid

,?"Jffi*,$
(4)

or alkali leachare

Where the p.enfevrile ic .o^,,r-^

porosi ty .?

(5)

ifi:

ffi ,:ili,li jiff

t:T:,:;i"l fitj :

The fibre used in the manufacture

.,

ltv so

co nd i tio

ns, rrre m

imum

of the geotextile shalr not susceptibre to

hydrolysis when in conract with

moistur",

(6)

;iil:#T

utt"i;n" -"aru o, high temperarure"

Each roll of geotextile supplied

to the Site shall have irs gr-ade and
producfion
batch number cleariy ptinted
on the outer *.upp".-*a at re-gu{ar
inr.irui, utong
the length of each ,iieei to
facilitate visual on_rit* q""iiry, control.

s8-5

as

8.5.3 STORAGE,,NSTAT,LATION

(l)

AAD MEASTIREMENT

OF GEOTEXTTLE

shail

be detivered tor Site

wirh an o
IHT::*ileat the site
shallinclude

,airrr""r

,ro* .,o.u*.

protective wrapper.
Long

""luter

;;,:,'*niff il.:'"i'"'.3n:r;,,T1;,m,[,"q:,""#":fr
\t)

tJl

lnstallation of th
manuracture.=,",J,.i,1#lf";lll*:"#,,i::ffi
made ayailable to rhe
ffi :,[T["H*i:?,"#
S.O. or il il;.**tative
in writing.
levelled.ro the sarisfactio'
ffiff#,,lf lli"Fce shatl be seotextile
of the
aill"-Ti.'e?J*rire S.o. or his
Iooserywithoutru.,:?..':ltls,"id::
cnrng and shall conform
to the

(4)

9:?r:tib

overtaps

shall be sufficienr

surfacrrp?;;

to

p44u

(5)

srrarr be raid

*e';:Tfi

vs aL l?5[1.l9!ffi
.
iilj|":1,i1T1.;;n**:""t*f
l-um to avoid
process.
'?'ff
parting

:,"..,r"dfi#

,'"h",#,Tl:"'
.;il;;;

during

The geotextile shali

ho .,,L:--.
n""miriing';;#il,frnof
:,1#,#?"T:_,?,#T:?;::*:l;i:;:*:.rrarnc

(6)
age to
s
geo rextl e
ft:"?Tffi' *Ti"T,:f nt! l;,? ;:*' Th:
g
capab.itirv of tt"
rlist_ installation au*ug;
e;#^;;
;dt
il :T:,
submission orrnateriars
p.io.- tJ
,"",r," ii. ff"i;:::::J,i"
H:f;.:Til.".
o in

(7)

dam

rhe^

uri

After placing in position-the yarious

layers.of filter materials
shall be laid aj soon
q;;;"
ni".
Representative' Any undue
"*.". drr"y'i-"""eri3q
by
rhe S.o" or his
ry* the
.inspected
leotertirJ
fabric,
which
l" .. ."p-4,'"."',J", u.' ; el',q o,* ". " ;" ii " g. or."ri e toma/
be
."ptu".*"nt;,H;:.T"i;i:::*'ntative and the
sharr

ar ir is practi"iof,

;r:*:rt???ti:l;

ti

(8)

co;;;,

carry out

sha, upon fhe s-o-'s or

ll:-t:"nirto-r
his Represenrarive,s insfu*ion,
down
ro the [nstafied-.g."03*ir"
excavare
u;
r","*"r, ro-r1r* rhe S.o" or
Represenlative to visuall,
f"r'^"ri"i"r,*ction damage- Orr.o*ptetion his
the inspection, the
"l-"kshat
conractor
of
backfirr .na
geotextile

;;i;.

?"^*,tt ;;;il'"no
to'backfilling-

areas shail

3::?:.t:.trior
(e)

r"_"J*orii-url
;,.ui

u,,

Damaged

,r'0,,." at tayeror
"*;;incurrea J"ri
iffi#:osts
",, u" borne
by rhe

ffH:lin Kil:* for geotextire shar be rhe neft areas of georexr'e insrarred

tru

i.)
PROFERTTES
The geotextiles shall nreet
the following requirement
in full:_
'

Mechanical Froperties

Wiaew;atir@

Mean peak strength

Elongation at pdk strength

Strength at 5% strain

Mean

Mean peak strength

p*t rn""**'tw

kN/m

8.0
28

o,/

/o

3.4

Lrr Lov LLzJo

1500

I{ydraulic properties
ri : '

=;aEm
-MeanAoso.^---'Jv
- Wrro
- 5cm head
l

o-3m.str6vm2.s)

i00

Physical Froperties

i),

ir'

s&7

f'

I
I