Structural Expert Series TGPILES Pile Group Analysis and Pile Cap Design Advancing the State of Structural Software....AgainTABLE OF CONTENTS ———————————— INTRODUCTION ANALYSIS AND DESIGN CRITERIA PROGRAM NARRATIVE OUTPUT DESCRIPTION ASSUMPTIONS Example Problems EXAMPLE 1 - 10 PILE ARRANGEMENT EXAMPLE 2- 16 PILE ARRANGEMENT EXAMPLE 3 - PILE GROUP WITH APPLIED MOMENTS EXAMPLE 4 - 4 PILE ARRANGEMENT Includes: Tutorial and Hand VerificationTGPILES Users Manual Page 2 [Ens versatile Windows based progrem is used to analyze any pile arrangement, for the applied loads (dead, live and wind) and design the pile cap accordingly. Due io the importance of pile caps in deep foundation systems for load distribution, an exact analysis is requited to determine the individual pile loads. The cap may then be designed for the ‘evised pile arangement. TGPILES program gives the user this flexibilty by providing the following: * The actual pile configuration (up to 80 pites) may be analyzed ,for both axial loads and biaxial bending moments. Loads are then distributed to each pile in order to determine i any of the bis are over-sttessed. The program wil also print the exact location of the centroid of the pile group with respect to the column location. This is very useful in determining the moments due to the new eccentricity. BOTH METRIC AND FPS UNITS ARE PROVIDED. * _lfsome of the piles are found to be overstressed, one or more piles may be added. Existing pile locations may also be revised to reduce the stress on the other piles, * Ones the user has determined a pile configuration which satisfies the load criteria for the piles, he may proceed to design the cap for this arrangement, * The program has many error checking sections which insure that the given data is correct and satisfies the code requirement. * Biaxial bending capability is provided for analysis and design. In many cases, in order to reduce the deflection in the structure, supports need to be fied (rigidly connected), ‘This forces the Pile Cap to resist the applied bending moments. TGPILES analyzes this condition and gives the exact pile axial loads due to combined axial load and bending moments, * Large shear wall foundations may be analyzed and designed using TGPILES sophisticated Sress distrioution and design capabilities. TGPILES wil (i required) desian the cap using Several iayers of rebar in order to maintain the most economical depth for the pile cap. This ig very useful for shearwall foundations with large moments present. * TGPILES is written by practicing structural engineersTGPILES Users Manual! page 3 PMN BPs meni try Analysis - Pile grouos are analyzed to compute the load distribution to each pile based on its location, for the Combination of axial load and bending moments (if any). 'n order to calculate the load in each pile, the following steps are taken: Aq) Each pile caries an equal amount oj the load for a concentric axial ioad on the cap, or for n piles carrying a total load P, the load Q per pile is: Q=pin 42) The combined stress equation (assuming a planar stress distribution is veld for a pile cap) eccentrically loaded or loaded with a load P and a moment, as: Q=pin+MX/EX*+ MY/ Dy? Where: Q = load per pile tkips) Column axial load (kips) Mx, My= Moment about x and y axes, respectively. (kf) X.Y_= Distances from y and x axis to any pile, X¢, LY’ = moment of inertia of the group. Dus to positive and negative signs, Q has @ maximum and minimum value which is caleulated Negative sign indicates an uplift in the pile and the program notifies the user of this condition. The above equations assume an equal distribution of total load to each pile regardless of its location relative to another pile. This assumption hoids true for pile groups comprised of end-bearing Piles resting on bedrock (or on a layer of dense sand and gravel overlaying bedrock). However, the Capacity of pile group may be less than the sum ofthe individual capacities of the piles making up the group. In order to determine the total pile group capacity, the term pile group efficiency is Utlized. This efficiency factor reduces the total capacity of the piles in the group depending on the pile group configuration, bearing and soll conditions.The users are encouraged to investigate the reduction in the individual pile capacities in a pile group by computing the pile group efficiency and reducing the individual pile capacities used for TGPILES accordingly.TGPILES Users Manual Page 4 One of the equations used to compute pile group efficiency is known as the Converse-Labare equation: E,=1-X{(n-t)m + (m-1)ny/(80mn) Where: E, = pile group efficiency arctan djs (deg) number of piles in a row number of rows of piles diameter of piles $ = spacing of piles, center to center, in same units as pile diameter Design TGPILES conforms to ACI 318-89 code for pile cap design. It also follows closely the Procedure described below: B-t) Flexure The adequacy of the section for flexure and required area of stee! is determined dy ACI strength nen dot 1.6 (D#L), (1.40+4,71) oF (1.05DL + 1.28LL + 1.28WL) whichever is greater for colon load. Since the depth required is usually established by shear, the steel ratios usually near or Sonttolied by the minimum ratios required by the ACI Code (ACI 10.5.8 and 7.12.2), ‘The theoratioa! Stes! area based on stress and strain equilbrium is also calculated TGPILES colewlates wo ‘required rebar area and selects the lightest bar size which satisies all of the code requirements B2) Shear Shear oniteria is the most rtical part of the pile cap design. Unlike spread footings where guidelines simply provide for checking of one way (beam action) and two way (punching) shears, pile caps create various conditions.These conditions are Produced due to different pile jurations for each cap.The investigation for spread footing is prescribed in the ACI code at section d/2 (Vo=4 fey, about the column for the two. way shear and at @ section “d" from the face of the column in either direction of the footing for the one way shear criteria Vo=2 Sie" (ACI 11.12). However, as the depth of the pile cap increases , the distance "d" falls outside one or more piles. This makes the ACI approach not applicable. To accommodate this deep beam criteria, other formulas must be vilized for pile cap design. (See fig. 1)Mar-18-99 09:244 ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS INC 770 971 0049 1- TWO WAY SHEAR, AT d/2 FROM FACE OF THE COLUMN (ACI METHOD) 2- ONE WAY SHEAR, AT d FROM FACE OF COLUMN IN THE SHORT DIRECTION (ACI METHOD) 3- ONE WAY SHEAR, AT d FROM FACE OF COLUMN IN THE LONG DIRECTION (ACI METHOD) : 4- TWO WAY SHEAR, AT FACE OF COLUMN (DEEP BEAM METHOD) 5 - ONE WAY SHEAR, AT FACE OF COLUMN IN THE SHORT DIRECTION ( DEEP BEAM METHOD) 6 - ONE WAY SHEAR, AT FACE OF COLUMN IN THE LONG DIRECTION (DEEP BEAM METHOD) FIGURE 1 - CRITICAL SHEAR SECTIONS IN A TYPICAL PILE CAP PLANTGPILES Users Manual page 5 Figure 1 Critical Shear Sections in a Typical Pile Cap Plan Zz [a waz at face oF ae I direc: sar) at fate! doep bean mocissd) D-2.1) Two Way (Punching) Shear The ACI prescribed formulas for this condition become not apolicable for pile caps as the depth increases and the distance of the closest pile (R) to the column face becomes less than the "d” distance. This requires an Exact deep beam shear analysis. Folowing formula as expressed in the Conerete Reinforcing Sieei Manual satisfies this condition: QVc= 5 (AIR) (1+d/o) (2 Fe} (0,¢) Where: d= Distance from top of pile cap to flexural rebar Distance from closest pile to face of column ©= Column dimension b= Colurnn perimeterTGPILES Users Manual page 6 D-2.2) One Way (Beam Action) Shear This condition similar to the two way shear criteria requires a special deep beam investigation, ACI formulas for footings again become inapplicable as the depth increases. For this oriteria one way shear must be investigated along both axes of the pile cap. There are two conditions for this shear criteria. For "a less than the distance of the closest pile to the column face, the following formula is utilized Ve= 1.9 JFc"+0.10 IFe" (Vud/Mu) > 2 [Fe" Where “6” falls outside any of the piles , the following formula is utilized '< Ve=(/R) [3.5-2.5 (Mu/Vud)} [1.9 JFo%0.10 FFe (vud/Muj] <10 SFe" Where: d= Distance from top of pile cap to flexural reinforcing R= Distance from column face to nearest pile Vu and Mu = Uttimate shear and moments for piles outside the distance "d" from column face (@long the respective axis) TGPILES checks the shear along both axes of the pile cap for all applicable conditions as it iterates and increases the depth, Figure 2 = 0" min, AS 15” min. for P<100 tons 217 min. for P>100 tons min. embedment cone. pilés = 4° iy? steel piles,TGPILES Users Manual page 7 Every effort has been made to make this program sophisticated in its intemal operation while < making the revision of input variables simple. The program provides some default values for some of the variables which the user may accept or revise. Input variables can be either in SI or FPS units. TGPILES has two distinct input phases: Analysis ‘The fist step is to input the location of the piles along with the applied working loads which are required. Once the program has this information, the user may ask the program to calculate the Centroid of the pile group and the maximum and minimum forces on each pile. The program also Checks the pile spacing to assure proper separation between the pile center lines. If the applied loads on the piles are more than the pile capacity, then the user has the option of revising the existing pile coordinates or adding new piles to the group. Aker any change the user may perform an analysis in order to determine the revised pile loads. This process may continue until the designer is satisfied with the forces. Once this is accomplished, @ design for the pile cap may be performed.TGPILES Users Manual page & Title: Title for the job (up to 70 characters) ‘System Of Units: M=SI Metric F = FPS Engish Number of Piles: Number of piles in the group.(Meximum 80 piles) X Coordinates Y Coordinates X and Y coordinate of the center of each pile relative to the column center line. The column centroid is used as the point of origin in an orthogonal coordinate system for the pile group. (x axis is always in the horizontal direction and y axis is perpendicular to it) Axial Loads Program allows the user to enter Deas, Live, and Wind working axial ioads. Bending Moments Bending moments for Dead, Live and Wind ioads may be entered for both the X and Y axis. Working Capacity/Pile Working load capacity per pile. Design Dislogue BoxTGPILES Users Manual page 9 Design ‘Once the pile loads are satisfactory, the Pile Cap may be designed based on these loads. In this phase, the program first determines the required depth for the pile cap due to the shear force. This Cepth has to satisfy the ACI criteria for both axes as explained in the Analysis Section. After the 240 Kips(1087.52 KN), E = 27 in.(685.8 mm)TGPILES Users Manual page 10 belt Ta ey crece (ele) TGPILES provides an accurate and complete output. The output is divided into three sections. ‘They are as follows: Echo of Input ‘The program prints out all of the given input for future references. This includes the tile ofthe job, pile coordinates, working axial loads and the applied working moments. All units are clearly ‘specified for given values. Analysis Results This portion provides the centroid due to all of the pile locations using a sign convention based on global x and y orthogonal coordinate system. This means that negative sign is always based on the Srigin (column location) coordinates (0,0). This makes it easier to track the location of the centroid, The program also determines the maximum and minimum loads on each pile using the equation Gescribed previously. I any of these forces become negative (pile in tension), the program prints out a warning message ottying the user of this condition. The maximum ultimate forces as specified by ACI for load combinations are used in the pile cap design. 'f the pile has been overstressed ois under its load capacity, a message is printed Design Results Once the depth of the cap satisfies al the shear criteria as explained in seotion IIB2, the program prints out the ultimate end the allowable shear values in kips (KN) based on the various locating for the shear check (see fig. 2 on page 6). TGPILES checks, the allowabie for both orteria (ACI and Geep beam TGPILES). TGPILES also prints out the ratio of allowable over ultimate values. The Value closest to 1.0 is the governing criteria for shear design. Alter shear values are printed, all the given input regarding column shape, dimensions, concrete Strength, steel yield strength, steel cover at the bottom, edge distance, and pile diamoter are printed for future references. The overall cap dimensions and the required depth whish includes the rebar cover are also printed. Flexural reinforcing bar size is printed as described in section Ill for both x and y global directions. The required steel area, steel ratio and the ultimate moment are also printed. For ease of estimating the quantities, the total concrete volume and steel weight are also Printed,TGPILES Users Manual page 11 TGPILES has many error tracking sections in order to verify that the input conforms with ACI guidelines. The following conditions are also checked. 1) Minimum edge distance from any pile to edge of pile cap. 2) Minimum spacing between pile centroids, 3) _Ithe given edge distance is not adequate, the program automatically revises this value. 4) Minimum spacing between outside to outside of the piles. TGPILES has many code checks during its design process to assure conformity with the ACI code. The following is a brief description: 1) Golumn area is checked for ellowable bearing. (ACI section 10-15) 2) The development length for flexural rebar is checked. 3). Spacing between the flexural rebar is checked. ‘After the pile cap is designed, the program re-analyzes the loads on the piles including the weight of the final pile cap dimensions and prints out the final loadings on the piles.If piles are overstressed at this stage, an additional pile should be added to the pile group by the user.TGPILES Users Manual page 12 pS eae P Mien The fellowing assumptions are utilized throughout the program: 1. All the given loads (axial and moments) are unfactored (working) loads. 2. Maximum load combinations are used to calculate the shear force and also the ultimate moments, 3. Shear is designed for both directions. 4 Weight of the pile cap is not included in the pile loads during the preliminary analysis. However, ‘he pile cap weight is included in the loads on the piles during the design portion of the program. wind forces exist, the user may compare the axial pile loads to 1.33. times the allowable pile capacities. 6. Flexural steel cover should include the depth of embedment ofthe piles in the cap. 7. TGPILES can handle @ maximum of 80 piles per cap. 8. Earthquake, dynamic, impact, fuid, thermal expansion, differential settlement, or creep loads are not considered. 9. The analysis is based solely on structural loads and cap configuration. It does not account for soil effects including: soil conditions, group interaction, water pressure, or earth pressure 10. Individual pile capacities may be required to be reduced in order to consider the pile group efficiency factor. (see page 3)TGPILES Users Manual page 13 File Operations Standard Windows based file operations are avallabie, ‘The New option wil allow you to create a new pile group job. examplet tgp example? top example3.tgp The Open option will bring up the dialogue box shown above. The appropriate path may be selected. TGPILES data files are saved with the extension .igp The Save option will save the input data as is shown on the two input screens to the existing file name which is currently open, The Save As option will save the input data as is shown on the two input screen to another file which can be named by the user. The original file will also stay intact.TGPILES Users Manual page 14TGPILES Users Manual page 15. PS ele iy Example 1 This Example Illustrates the use Of Metric Units (Sl) for TGPILES. Design @ pile cap for the 10 pile arrangement as shown: Use the following criteria for the design: Working dead load = 4480 KN Working live load = 4003 KN Working Individual Pile Capacity = 890 KN Column size = 711.2 mm X 711.2mm fc! = 20.69 MPa fy =413.7 MPa 6 @ 458 mm (each) CI T 801 mm, 801 mmTGPILES Users Manual page 16 + POPILES > * Me! : * coPyRrcHT (c) 1994 ME: 14:02 * + ALL RIGHTS RES! DATE: 04-25-1996 = TGPILES PROGRAM (Metric version) PAGE 2 EXAMPLE NUM 20 PILES - METRIC - TGPTLES MANUAL PILE CONFIGURATION INFORMA! CMBER OF PILES : 10 PILE X=cooRD 1 -316.000 000 2 8/900 000 3 516.000 801-000 4 1374000 0000 5 458000 0.000 6 458-000 9.000 7 1374. 000 9.000 2 =326 1000 801000 5 2.000 -801.000 20 916/000 801.000TGPILES Users Manuat page 17 TGPILES PROGRAM (Metric version) PAGE 2 BXAMPLE NUMBER 1- 10 PILES - METRIC - TGPILES MANUAL LORDING INFORMATION WORKING DEAD LOAD (KN) = 4480.00 WORKING LIVE LOAD (KN) = 4003.00 WORKING WIND LOAD (KN) = 0.00 APPLIED WORKING MOMENT ABOUT X-AXIS (KN-™) ‘DEAD LOAD 0.00 LIVE LOAD = 0:00 WIND LoaD = 9100 APPLIED WORKING MOMENT ABOUT Y-AXIS (KW: DEAD LORD = 0.00 LIVE LOAD - 0.00 WIND LoaD 9100TGPILES Users Manual page 18 PROGRAM (Metric version) PAGE 3 EXAMPLE NUMBER 1~ 10 PILES - METRIC - TGPILES MANUAL PILE LOADS EXCLUDING THE CAP WEIGHT RNALYSIS RESULTS COORDINATES OF CENTER OF GRAVITY DUE TO APPLIED LOADS XOCOORD. OF ¢.G. (mim) 0.00 “COORD. OF C1G. (mm) = 0.00 PILE LOADS DUE TO AXIAL AND BENDING FORCES loads on piles ars working loads (EN) #01 CAPACITY = 890.00 KN PILE NUMBER MAX. LOAD MIN, LOAD 2 248.300 248.000 0.x. 2 248.300 448.000 OK. 3 248.300 48000 ok 4 848.300 448.000 ox 5 848-300 448.000 ong. 6 248.300 448.000 OK. 7 848.300 448.000 ok. e 248.300 448.000 Og. 8 243.300 448.000 oo, 20 848.300 448.000 OLTGPILES Users Manual page 19 IGPILES PROGRAM (Metric vereion) ANALYSIS RESULTS COORDINATES OP CENTER OF GRAVITY DUE TO APPLIED LOADS X-COORD. OF C.S. (mm) 0.90 ¥-COORD. OF €.G. (mm) = 0.00 PILE LORDS DUE 70 AKTAL AND BENDING FORCE: loads on piles are working loads (KN) WORKING PILE CAPACITY = 890.00 AN PILE NUMBER MAX. LOAD MIN. LOAD x 277.666 477.366 ok 2 277.666 477.366 Ok 2 277.666 4771366 OK. a 877 666 477.3860 OK. 5 877.665 477.3660 OK. é 877.666 477.365 OL. 7 877.666 477.366 OK 8 877.666 477.366 OK. : 877.866 477.366 Ok. 10 877.666 S738 Ok.TGPILES Users Manual page 20 PROGRAM (Metric version) PAGE KAMELE NUMBER 2- 10 PILES - METRIC - TGPILES MANUAL SHEAR FORCES AND RATIOS FOR VARIOUS CONDITIONS ‘*** THO WAY SHEAR - ACE (CASE 2)- x-DIR Ye = 6632.85 (KM) vn = 8425.59 (a vu/ve ~ 0.999 w488 ONE WAY 5: ~ TCPILES (CASE 5)- x-DrR. Ve = 10487.80 (KN) © vu= 5627.06 (aN) vu/Ve = 0.536 **** TWO WAY SHEAR - GPILES (CASE 4) - y-pIR Vo = $222.00 (HN) = Va = 8825.59 (EN) vu/Ve = 0.916 ‘*** ONE WAY SHEAR - TOPILES (CASE 6) - v-prR. Ve = 14992.33 (EM) vu = 4222.79 (KN) 0.262TGPILES Users Manual page 24 TGPILES PROGRAM (Netric version) PAGE 6 BXAMPLE NUMBER 1- 10 PILES - METRIC - TGPILES MANUAL DESIGN RESULTS CERCULAR contr No COLtMN DIMENSIONS (em) - 712.20 711.20 CONCRETE STRENGTS (ra) 20.68 STEEL YIELD STRENGTH (wea) «433.70 STEEL COVER AT THE BOTTOM (am) 250.00 EDGE DISTANCE (mn) > 533.40 FILS DIAMETER (mm) = 208/00 ULDIMATE COL. AXZAL LOAD (KN) = 13572.80 FINAL PILE CAP DIMENSIONS TOTAL LENGTH ALONG X AXIS - 3 Meters- 81 Cn. TOTAL LENGTH ALONG ¥ AXIS = 2 Meters- 66 Cm. TOTAL REQUIRED DEPTH INCLUDING 250.00 am. COVER - 1240.60 am. FLEXURAL REINFORCING STEEL USE 1 ROW(S) OF 13 # 30 BARS ALONG X AXIS Steel Srea req.= 9049.82 sq. mm., steel ratio +0.0030,Mu= 3148.38 EN-M USE 1 ROW(S) OF 16 # 25 BARS ALONG ¥ AXIS steel area req.- 7865.38 sq. mn., steel ratio =0.0017,Mu- 1076.72 KN-M QUANTITY TAKE OFF (cubic meter) = 32.65 TOTAL WEIGHT OF THE STEEL (eg) - 467155TGPILES Users Manual page 22TGPILES Users Manual page 23 Example 2 Design a pile cap for the 16 pile arrangement as shown: Use the following criteria for the design: Working dead load = 1800 kips Working live load = 1280 kips Working Individual Pile Capacity = 200 Kips Column size = 36" x 36" fe! = 4 ksi fy = 60 ksiTGPILES Users Manual page 24 - TGPILES * * PILE GROUP ANALYSIS AND PILE cAP DESIGN + * PIMs: 14:03 = * DATE: 04-25-1996 + LES PROGRAM PACE 1 EXAMPLE NUSGER 2 - 16 PILE GROUP - TCPILES MANUAL B CONFIGURATION INFORMATION ance EILEE x-cooRD ‘cooRD 1 -54.000 000 2 18.000 200 3 18000 £000 4 54.000 000 5 7541000 000 6 18.000, ‘000 7 28.000 2000 8 541000 000 s 541000 090 10 18.000, 200 au 000 200 009 200 000 000 200 000 ‘000 900 200TGPILES Users Manual page 25 EXAMPLE NUMBER 2 - 16 PILE GROUP - TGEILES MANUAL LORDING INFORMATION WORKING DEAD LOAD (kips) = 2600.00 WORKING LIVE LOAD (Kips) = 1280100 WORKING WIND LOAD (Kips) - 0.00 APPLIED WORKING MOMENT ABOUT X-AKIS (Kip-ft.) DEAD LOAD = 0.00 LIVE LOAD = 0.00 WIND LOAD + 0.00 APPLIED WORKING MOMENT ABOUT Y-AKES (Kip-ft.) 0.00 LIVE Leap = 0.00 WIND LOAD = 9.00TGPILES Users Manual page 26 sS_ PROGRAM PAGE 3 BAAMPLE WUMBER 2 - 16 PILE GROUP - TGPILES MANUAL PILE LOADS EXCLUDING THE CAP WEIGHT ANALYSIS RESULTS COORDINATES OF CENTER OF GRAV: 70 APPLIED LOADS X-COORD. OF C.G. (inches) = 0.00 ¥-COORD! OF C1G! (inches) - 0.00 PILE LOADS DUE TO AXIAL AND BENDING FORCE: loads en piles are working loads (kips) WORKING &: nC 200.00 KIPS PILE NUMBER MAX. LOAD MIN. LOAD 2 192.500 500 OK 2 192/500 500 o.K 3 182500 500 OK. 4 500 312500 ol. 5 500 112-500 o 6 300 212500 Ok 7 500 412-500 ok. 8 500 500 (Ok 2 500 500 OK 10 300 500 OK an 500 500 OLK. 22 500 500 Ole. 3 500 500 OK 4a 500 500 (OK. a5 1500 500 Ok. 26 1500 122/500 ok.TGPILES Users Manual page 27 TGPILES PROGRRY PAGE 4 EXAMPLE NUMBER 2 - 16 PILE GROUP - TGPILES MANUAL PILE LOADS INCLUDING THE CAP WEIGHT ANALYSIS RESULTS COORDINATES OF CENTER OF GRAVITY H-COORD. OF C.6. (inches) = 0.00 ¥-COORD: OF €.G. (inches) = 0.00 To APPLIED LOADS PILE LOADS DUE TO AXIAL AND BENDING FORCES loads on piles are working loads (iipe) WORKING PILE CAPACITY = 200.00 KIPS PILE NUMBER Max. LOAD MIN. LOAD 1 299.977 319.877 OK. 2 2991977 219.977 Ok. 3 1991977 2191877, LK. ry 139.977 1191977 oe 5 399.377 323:877 ok. 6 199.877 229.977 ok. 7 3991977 i19'877, ok. 8 3991977 hi9is77 ol. 8 1991977 318.577 OK. 20 13991977 319.977 Ok a 199.977 318877 OK. 32 398.877 1191977 ok. 3 399.577 3191877 ok. 34 1991877 91997 Ok 35 3991977 3191877, ok. 26 1991977 1191977 okTGPILES Users Manual page 28 S PROGRAM PAGE 5. EXAMPLE NUMBER 2 - 16 PILE GRCUP - TGPILES MANUAL SHEAR FORCES AND RATIOS FOR VARIOUS CONDITIONS TWO WAY SHEAR - ACT (CASE 1)- X-DIR We = 3846.27 (kips) Vu = 3839.55 (ips) vu/ve = 0.998 * ONE WAY SHEAR - TGPILES (CASE 5)- X-DIR Ve = 2504.33 (kips] vu = 1279.85 (kipe) —va/ve = 05a x*** TWO WAY SHEAR - ACE(CASE 2) - ¥-pz! Ve = 3946.17 (kins) v, = 3839.55 (Kips) Vu/ve = 0.998 we** ONE WAY SHEAR - 1% LES (CASE 6) Ve = 2504.33 (Rips) vu = 1279 vu/ve =TGPILES Users Manual page 29 TGPILES PROGRAM AGE 6 EXAMPLE NUMBER 2 - 16 PILE GROUP - TGPILES MANUAL DESIGN RESULTS. CIRCULAR conte = Wo, CoLinay DimeNszoNs (in.) 36.00% 36.00 CONCRETE STRENGTH (84) = 4000.00 STEEL YIELD STRENGTH (psi) = 60000-00 STEEL COVER AP THE BOTTOM (in) = 10.00 EDGE DISTANCE fin.) = 23.00 PILE DIAMETER Gn) = “8.00 B COL. AXIAL LOAD (kip) = 4528.00 TOTAL LENGTH ALONG X AXIS + 22 ft.- 6 in TOTAL LENGTS ALONG ¥ AXIS = 12 @t.- 5 in. TOTAL REQUIRED DEPTH INCLUDING 10.00 INCHES COVER = 62.00 INCHES FLEXURAL REINFORCING STEEL USE 1 ROW(S) OF 18 # 10 BARS ALONG X AKIS steel area req.= 22.64 sq. in., steel ratio =0.0025,Mu= 3839.55 kip-ft. USE 1 ROW(S) OF 18 # 10 BARS ALONG ¥ AXIS steel eres req.s 22.64 sq. in., steel ratio -0.0025,mus 3829.55 kip-ft. QUANTITY TAKE OFF TOTAL CONCRETE VOLUME (cubic yard) 29.93 TOTRL WEIGHT OF THE STEBL (pounds) = «199293.TGPILES Users Manual page 30TGPILES Users Manual page 31 Example 3 This example illustrates the use of wind loads and applied bending moments on a pile cap. Design the pile cap shown in example number 2 for the following loads: Working Axial Loads: Dead Load = 900 kips Live Load = 740 kips Wind Load = 200 kips Working Moments about X-axis: jorking Mome bot Dead Load = 20 kt Dead Load = 24 k.ft Live Load = 15 k.ft Live Load = 18 k.ft. Wind Load = 250 k.ft. Wind Load = 290 k.ft, Use the following criteria for the design: Working Individual Pile Capacity = 200 Kips Column size = 36" x 36" fol = 4 ksi fy = 60 ksiTGPILES Users Manual page 32 . TGPILES * + PEE GROUP ANALYSIS AND PILE CAP Dsstaw + * version 96.01 * * (FEB) * + CopyRicHT (c) 1994 TIME: 14:04 * + ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DATE: 04-25-1996 * TOPILES PROGRAM EXAMPLE NUMBER 3 - 16 PILE GROUP W/ MOMENTS - TGPILES MANUAL PILE CONFIGURATION INFORMATION NUMBER OF PILES: 16 PILEH %-COORD, a 54.000 2 18.000 3 is!o00 4 54 000 5 54.000 6 18.000 7 18/000 8 34.000 2 -54!000 320 18.000 in 18.000 42 54.000 33 -54/000 24 -18.000 is 18.000 16 54!000 UNIT = INCHES ¥-coorD 54. ‘ooo 5a. S000 is 34 13. ae as. -18 nis sis! -18. 000 900 200 ooo 000 200 (090 900 900 200 54 -34. 34 000 900 000 PAGE aTGPILES Users Manual Ee BS PROGRAM MENTS - TGPILES MANUAL EXAMPLE NUMBE: 3-26 PILE GROUP W/ ™ page 33 PAGE 2 LOADING INFORMATION WORKING DEAD LOAD (kips) = 900.00 WORKING VE LORD {kips) 740.00 WORKING WIND LOAD (kips) - 200.00 APPLIED WORKING MOMENT ABOUT Z-AXIS DEAD LORD LIVE LOAD = WIND LOAD = 20.90 is!o0 250.00 (ctp-£t. APPLIED WORKING MOMENT ABOUT Y-AXIS (kip-ft.] DEAD LOAD = EXVE LOAD WIND LOAD 24.00 18,00 290.00TGPILES Users Manual page 34 PROGRAM PAGE 3 EXAMPLE NUMBER 3 - 16 PILE GROUP W/ MOMENTS - TGPILES MANUAL PILE LOADS EXCLUDING THE CAP WETCHT ANALYSIS RESULTS COORDINATES OF CENTER OF GRAVITY DUE TO APPLIED LOADS X-COORD. OF C.¢. (inches) 2.00 Y-COORD: OF 1G! (inches) = 0.00 PILE LOADS DUE TO AXIAL AND BENDING FORCES loads on piles are working loads (kins) WORKING PILE CAPACITY = 200.00 KIPS PILE NUMBER MAX. LOAD MIN, LoaD 328.150 42.4000. 224717 48.633 ol. 326.217 50.033, OK. 132.380 46.600 OLK. 3221817 45.400 Olk. 218/383 51.633 Ok. 420.783 53.033 OK. 327.017 49.600 O.K. 322/650 42.233 OK. 218.217 50.267 Ok. 519.617 51.867 OK 3251850 42.433 OLk. 324.650 381900 Ok. 323.227 45.133 Ok. 322.617 46.533 OLK. Ox. 128.850 43.200TGPILES Users Manual page 35 FROGRAM FACE 4 MAMELE NUMBER 3 - 16 PILE GROUP W/ MOMENTS - TGPILES MANUAL PILE LOADS INCLUDING THE CAP WEIGET ANALYSIS RESULTS COORDINATES OF CENTER OF GRAVITY DUE TO APPLIED LOADS “COORD. OF C.G. {inches} = 0.00 “COORD. OF C.G. (inches) = 0.00 PILE LOADS DUE TO AXIAL AND BENDING FORCES loads on piles are working loads (kips) WORKING PILE CAPACITY = 200,00 KIPS PILE NUMBER wax. LoaD MIN. LOAD L 334.247 48.397 O.K, 2 330.713 54.630 OK. 3 332.113 56.030 OK. 4 1381347 52.587 Ok. 5 128.13 31.397 ok. é 125.380 57.630 ok 7 126.780 531030 OK e 333.013 55.597 OK. s 1271647 50.230 OK. 20 124123 56.463 OK. a 325.613 87.863 OK a2 i31.8a7 Se OK. 33 330.647 a ox. 2a 127213 51 o.K. 15 322.613 2 ox 36 4.847 49. Ox.TGPILES Users Manual page 36 PILES PROGRAM PAGE 5 EXAMPLE NUSER 3 - 16 PILE GROUP W/ MOMENTS - TGPILES MANUAD SHEAR FORCES AND RATIOS FOR VARTOUS coNDrTZONS ‘84 TO WAY SHEAR - a (CASE 1)- x-DIR, Ve = 2528.18 (kipe) va = 2524.74 (xd vufve = 0.889 siee one way ES (CASE 5)~ X-DIR. = 1037.46 (kipe) vu= 860.89 (Kips) vu/ve = 0.830 sees wo ve = (cips) vu = 2526.74 (eips) —vu/ve = 0,988 vu/Ve = 0.826TGPILES Users Manual page 37 TGPILES PROGRAM PAGE 6 EXAMPLE NUMBER 3 ~ 16 PILE GROUP W/ MOMENTS - TGPILES MANUAL DESIGN RESULTS CIRCULAR couuay > NO. COLUMN DIMENSIONS (Ga) = "38.00% 36.00 CONCRETE STRENGTH (esi) = 4000.00 STEEL YIELD STRENGTH (pei) = 6000.00 STEEL COVER AT THE BorTOM (in.) - 10.00 EDGE DISTANCE tin.) 21:00 PILE DIAMETER Gn) 3100 ULTIMATE COL. AXIAL LOAD (kip) = 2924.00 FINAL PILE CAP DIMENSIONS TOTAL LENGTH ALONG X AMIS = 22 ft.- 6 in. TOTAL LENGTH ALONG ¥ RAIS = 12 ft.- € in TOTAL REQUIRED DEPTH INCLUDING 10.00 INCHES COVER - 50.00 INCHES FLEXURAL REINFORCING 67: USE 1 ROW(S) OF 13 @ 11 BARS atone x aurs steel rea req.> 20.01 eg. in., steel ratio -0.0027,Mu- 2582.66 kip-st USE 1 ROW(S) OF 13 # 22 BARS ALONG ¥ axis steel ares roq.= 19.91 sq. in., steel ratio -0.0027,mus 2569.54 kip-fe QUANTITY TAKE OFF TOTAL CONCRETE vouUME (cubic yard) - 2a.ta TOTAL WEIGHT OF THE STEEL (pounds) = 1727.22TGPILES Users Manual page 38TGPILES Users Manual page 39 Example 4 This example is the hand verification for TGPILES program. Working units in this example are FPS units. However, the same procedure can be utilized for verification of SI units. ERIFICATION E: LE - Pl IGN - 4 PILE LAY(TGPILES Users Manual page 40 Problem: Design the pile cap for the following given data: ‘Total working column Dead load = 308 kips (This load does not include the pile cap weight) Column size = 12%12" Working capacity per pile = 40 tons(80 kips) Conerete Strength = 3000 psi Rebar strength = 60000 psi Rebar cover = 10 inches tut From TGPILES output use the total depth of 31"(d=21"). We will verify that this depth does Satisty all shear criterias. First Calculate the rebar required along X-axis. Since the pile layout is symmetrical, this applies to both directions: Geloulate the moment at the column face about Y axis, using the maximum working load capacity per pile Mu = 2(18-6)(80k)(1.6) = 3072. k.in, = 256.0 kf. (TGPILES prints Mu= 255.76 k.tt) K = (3072.X1000.)/(0.90X66X21X21) = 117.27 R= Fy(.85Fc) = (60)/(.85X3) = 23.53 C= (2(23.53)(117.27//60000. = 0.092 RHO = (1/23.53}(1- (1-0.092)) = 0.0020 (TGPILES prints Rho = .0021) Calculate various rebar areas required by code : 1) Theoretical value Ast = (.0020)(66)(21) = 2.7743 sq. in. 2) Minimum rebar area ‘AS2 = (200/60000)(68)(21) = 4.62 sq. in. 3) Temperature rebar area AS3 = (.0018)(66)(31) = 3.682 sq. in. Since the minimum area is greater than the theoretical area, calculate 1.33 times the theoretical area (ACI code 10.5.2) : AS4 = 2.7743X1.33 = 3.689 sq. in. (USE THIS VALUE) (TGPILES prints required steel area = 3.71 ) Asé is greater than As3, hence use As4 for the required flexural area. In the next section select rebar for this area,TGPILES Users Manuol page 41 alculate the rebar size The available development length from ACI equation 12.2.2 starling from #6 bar is as follows: Dev. length=(.04)(AsFy)/ Fe’ OR (0004)(bdFy) Available length=[(pile cap dimension-column dimension)/2.0 -(3.0) BAR Sizi EV. TH AVAIL. LENGTH 26 15.42" 24" #7 21.03" 2a" #8 27.69" par So, we must choose between #6 and #7 bers, as any bar larger than #7 exceeds the available length. required area = 3,689 sq. in. #6 bars = 3.689/.44 #7 bars = 3.689/.60 38 15 Try 9 #6 bars , As = 3.96 sq. in. Try 7 #7 bars , As = 4.20 sq. in. As 96 bars have less weight , choose 9 # 6 bars for flexure. (TGPILES selects 926 bars) CHECK SHEAR CRITERIA Dus to the symmetry of the pile configuration, only the X direction will be investigated. A) TWO WAY SHEAR d= 21" and Wx = 12" (Wx is the distance from the closest pile to column face in the direction of investigation) d/2 = 10.5" < Wx , So ACI method can be utilized (See section B-2.1): Vu = (4)(80.)(1.6) = 512.0 kips (TGPILES prints Vu=511.52) bO = (4)(12421) = 132 in. ve = (.85)(418000)(132)(21)/1000. = 516.22 Kips (TGPILES prints Ve=513.71) Vu) Ve = 512,516.22 = 992 (TGPILES prints Vu/Ve = .995)TGPILES Users Manual page 42 8) ONE WAY SHEAR We must first establish the applicable method to be used for this criteria: We = 12" and d= 21", Since Wx < d, ACI method is not applicable and the shear must be * investigated at the face of the column : Vu = (2)(80%)(1.6) = 256.0 Kips (TGPILES prints Vu=255.76) Mu = (80k)(2)(12)(1.6) = 3072. Kft. Vud = (256)(21) = 8376 k.in. Vud/Mu = 1.75, Mu/Vud =.57 K = [8.5-2.5(.57)1I1.9+(0.10)(1.75)](21/12) = 7.57 <10 ok. Ve = (.85)(7.574( 3000)(86)(31)/1000 = 721.08 kips (TGPILES prints Ve= 711.27) VuVc = 256/721.08 = 0.355 (TGPILES prints Vu/Vc = 0.359) So, the controlling criteria in this pile arrangement was two way shear.TGPILES Users Manual page 43 Bir) The following is @ step by step walk through the process of setting up and running a pile cap ~ design. The first step is to select the file menu, and click on New. The next step is to complete the first input dialogue box, You can move from field to field by clicking on it with your mouse. For this example we have only 4 pile locations. ‘Type in a Title as shown above. Next move to the Number of Piles field and type in 4. The next step is to type in the coordinates for each of the pile locations. Input these as shown above. Next move to the Axial Dead Load and Working Pile Capacity fields end enter the appropriate values.TGPILES Users Manual Page 44 The Pile Group may be analyzed directly from this screen by using the Options button, ‘The nest siep is to input the design data. Press the Design Input Screen button to proceed to this portion of the program. Complete your design Input screen as shown above. You can move from field to field by clicking in the next field with your mouse. After your screen is complete, click on the Options button. Then click on Perform Analysis and Design. This begins the design process. ‘The output for this example is shown on the folowing pages. A hard copy may be obtained by selecting the File option from the top menu bar of the report viewer. The user has the option of providing data only for the analysis soreen, An analysis may be Tun on the group multiple times if required prior to proceeding to the deign partion of the program.TGPILES Users Manual PILE GROUP ANALYSIS AND copyr: Co) ALL RIGHTS RESERVED TGPIZES PROGRAM BXAMPLE N r ePrnes PILE CAP DESIGN 1994 04-25-1996 page 45 BR 4 - HAND VERIFICATION ~ 4 PILES GROUP - TePT! PILE CONFIGURATION INFORMATION NUWBER OF PILES PILEE ‘ X-cooRD. 718. 18 718 18 200 000 50 000 UNIT = INCHES ¥-COORD 18.000 281000 28/000 =18/000 1S _ MANUALTGPILES Users Manual page 46 TGPILES PROGRAN 4 PILES GROUP - TGPILES MANUAL LOADING INFORMATION WORKING DEAD LOAD (kips) = 308.00 WORKING LIVE LOAD (kips} 000 WORKING WIND LOAD (kips) - 0:00 APPLIED WORKING MOMENT ABOUT X-AXTS (eip-£t.) DEAD LOAD = 0.00 LIVE LOAD - 0.00 WIND ToaD = 0.00 APPLIED WORKING MOMENT ABOUT Y-AXIS (kip-ft.) DEAD LOAD = 9.00 LIVE LOAD 0.00 WIND LoaD - 0100TGPILES Users Manual page 47 TGPILES PROGRAM PAGE 3 SXAMPLE NUMBER 4 - HAND VERIFICATION - 4 PILES GROUP - TGPILES MANUAL PILE LOADS EXCLUDING THE CAP WEIGH? BNALYSIS RESULTS COORDINATES OF CENTER OF GRAVITY DUE TO APPLIED LOADS X-COORD. OF ¢.G. (inches) 0.00 ¥-COORD. OF C16. (inches) = 0.00 FILE LOADS DUE TO AXIAL AND BENDING FORCES loads on piles are working loaés (Kips) WORKING PILE CAPACITY = 80.00 xIPS PILE NUMBER MAX. LOAD MIN. LoaD 2 77.000 77.000 2 77.000 7000 3 77000 1000 a 77.000 2000 e000 whosTGPILES Users Manual page 48 TSPILES PROGRAM EXAMPLE NUMBER 4 - HAND VERIFICATION - 4 PILES GROUP - TGPILES MANUAL PELE LOADS INCLUDING THE CAP weTeHT ANALYSIS RESULTS COORDINATES OF CENTSR OF GRAVITY DUE TO APPLIED LOADS X-COORD. OF C.G. (inches) = 0.00 Y-COORD: OF C1¢. (inches) = 0.00 PILE LORDS DUE TO AXIAL AND BENDING FORCES eads cn piles are working los. TY = 80.00 KIPS PILE NUMBER MAX. LOAD MIN. LOAD a 79.925 2 73.928 3 4 79.925 79.925 2000 RiekTGPILES Users Manual page 49 TOPILES PROGRAM PAGE 5 EXAMPLE NUMBER 4 - EAND VERIFICATION - 4 PILES GROUP - TGPILES MANUAL SHEAR FORCES AND RATIOS FOR VARIOUS CONDITIONS ve¥s HO WAY SHEAR - ACT (CASE 2)- x-DrR. Ye = 513.71 (Kips) Vu = 511.52 (Kips) vu/ve = 0.986 w*¥* ONE WAY SHEAR - TGPILES (CASE 5)- x-DIR. Ve= 711.27 (sips) Vu = 255.76 (kipe) vu/ve = 0.360 s+v* WO WRY SHEAR - AcZ(CASE 1) - ¥-DIR. Ve= 513.71 (kips) Yu = 511.52 (kipa). -vu/ve = 0.996 s+** ONE WAY SHEAR - TGPILES (CASE 6) - ¥-DIR. Ve = 721.27 (hips) vu = 255.76 (Kips) vuyve = 0.TGPILES Users Manual Page 50 TGPILES PROGRAM PACE 6 FrteearehPiBER 4 7 HAND VERIFICATION - 4 PILES GROUP ~ nGFILES MANOAS, DESIGN RESULTS CIRCULAR contnm = No COLUMN DINENSTONS (4n.) = 42.00x 12.00 ConcRETE STRENGTH (psi) = 3000.00 STEEL YIELD STRENGTH (esi) = 60000. 00 STEEL COVER AT THE BoTTOM (in.) = 10.09 EDGE DISTANCE (nt).= 35100 PILE DIAMETER Gn) = “8100 ULTIMATE COL. AXIAL LOAD (kip) © 493 9 FINAL PILE cap p: TOTAL LENGTH ALONG X AXIS = § fe.- 6 in. TOTAL LENGTH ALONG ¥ AXIS = 5 ft. § An” ROPRY SEQUERED DEPTH INCLUDING 10.00 INCHES COVER = 31.00 INCHES FLEXURAL REINFORCING STEEL USE 1 -ROW(S] OF § # 6 BARS ALONG x axrs Steet ares reg.= 3:72 aq. in., steal ratio =0.0021,mu=s 255.76 kip-fe USE 1 -ROW(S) OF 9 # 6 BARS ALONG ¥ axts Stee? ares req.= 3.71 sq, in., steel ratio =0.0021,mu= 255.76 Kip-te. QUANTITY TAKE OFF TOTAL CONCRETE voLtME (eubic yara) ~ 2.50 TOTAL WEIGHT OF THE STEEL (pounds) 157.39