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System 4 is the code Rensis Likert gave to the future of organizations moving
away from the bureaucratic model of Max Weber, which he referred to as
System 1. Likert used a psychological analysis of organizations and
conducted extensive research using questionnaires that try to locate the
extent to which organizations are compliant with system 1, system 4, or in
between.
The Four Basic systems of Organization Likert outlined are:
uses
fear
and
threats;
communication
is
top
down.
Responsibility lies in the hands of the people at the upper levels of the
hierarchy. The superior has no trust and confidence in subordinates. The
decisions are imposed on subordinates and they do not feel free at all to
discuss things about the job with their superior. The teamwork or
communication is very little and the motivation is based on threats.
in
subordinates
(master-servant
relationship).
Here
again,
the
subordinates do not feel free to discuss things about the job with their
superior. The teamwork or communication is very little and motivation is
based on a system of rewards.
SYSTEM 3: Consultative
Management
offers
rewards
and
sometimes
punishments;
broader
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Appendix:
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