SMART CITY NEEDS SMART GOVERNANCE

What is smart Governance?

SMART Governance is about using technology to facilitate and support better

planning and decision making. It is about improving democratic processes and
transforming the ways that public services are delivered. It includes e-government,
the efficiency agenda and mobile working. E.g. National Institute of Smart
Governance.
What is smart city?

The answer is, there is no universally accepted definition of a Smart City. It means
different things to different people. The conceptualization of Smart City, therefore,
varies from city to city and country to country, depending on the level of
development, willingness to change and reform, resources and aspirations of the
city residents. A Smart City would have a different connotation in India than, say,
Europe. Even in India, there is no one way of defining a Smart City.
Why we need Smart City?

Cities are engines of growth for the economy of every nation, including India.
Nearly 31% of Indias current population lives in urban areas and contributes 63%
of Indias GDP (Census 2011). With increasing urbanization, urban areas are
expected to house 40% of Indias population and contribute 75% of Indias GDP
by 2030. This requires comprehensive development of physical, institutional,
social and economic infrastructure. All are important in improving the quality of
life and attracting people and investments to the City, setting in motion a virtuous
cycle of growth and development. Development of Smart Cities is a step in that
direction.

The core infrastructure elements in a Smart City would include

Adequate water supply.

Assured electricity supply.
Sanitation, including solid waste management.
Efficient urban mobility and public transport.
Affordable housing, especially for the poor.
Robust IT connectivity and digitalization.
Good governance, especially e-Governance and citizen participation.
Sustainable environment.
Safety and security of citizens, particularly women, children and the elderly.
Health and education.

What were the changes which may required take in governance to achieve dream
of smart cities?
Indias Megacities lack autonomous governments with the power to shape
their own affairs.

Instead theyre controlled by provincial administrations, and managed by a

patchwork of state, city and municipal bodies, public and private
corporations and village panchayats (a sort of parish council).But if smart
cities are to have any impact on planning, coordination and governance,
there needs to be a centralised metropolitan governing structure, accountable
to city residents. If city governments do not have the incentives and
resources, the trappings of a smart city cyber highways, digital sensors,
smart cards and computerized management systems will remain just
trappings: like the city development plans and environmental policies Indian
cities regularly prepare but rarely implement.
Local authorities bear the financial burdens of service delivery without
the powers of revenue generation.
City and local governments, responsible for basic public services, have the
most direct impact on well-being, particularly that of the poor. In India,
however, there is a glaring mismatch between their functions and

capabilities. Urban local bodies account for a third of public expenditure but
just three percent of revenue. Property taxes, the main revenue base for
municipal governments, constitute just 0.44 percent of Indias tax revenues,
strikingly lower than other economies. Moreover, most so-called smart
city or new city projects underway in India are happening outside official
city boundaries. Most arent new cities at all, but self-contained commercial,
residential or industrial enclaves adjacent to major cities. The revenues from
such policies typically go to provincial levels of government, which are in
charge of urban development policy; municipal and local authorities are left
holding the costs. This pattern undermines the potential of city governments
to grow into effective, well-resourced and democratically accountable
institutions that can effectively improve urban conditions.
Convergence with Other Government Schemes
Comprehensive development occurs in areas by integrating the physical,
institutional, social and economic infrastructure. Many of the sectoral
schemes of the Government converge in this goal, although the path is
different. There is a strong complementarity between the Atal Mission for
Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) and Smart Cities
Mission in achieving urban transformation. While AMRUT follows a
project-based approach, the Smart Cities Mission follows an area-based
strategy. Similarly, great benefit can be derived by seeking convergence of
other Central and State Government Programs/Schemes with the Smart
Cities Mission. At the planning stage itself, cities must seek convergence in
the SCP with AMRUT, Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), National Heritage
City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY), Digital India, Skill

development, Housing for All, construction of Museums funded by the

Culture Department and other programs connected to social infrastructure
such as Health, Education and Culture.
Smart City Proposal: Essential Components.
Citizens Engagement.
Intense citizen engagement at multiple levels with diverse groups
using diverse means & contemporary IT&C tools (e.g. MyGov.in, talk
show & polling, etc.)
Identify issues/needs, aspirations and priorities frugal innovations.
Generate citizen driven solutions for basic services and area based
developments.
List out priorities and solutions Develop a contextual definition of the
Smart City
Develop the SC Goals using citizen priorities as directives. Connect
each Goal to Objective (s) and generate strategic recommendation(s)
for deploying Smart Solutions and area based developments.

Smart city Vision, Goals and Objectives.

City Potential & Capabilities.
Proposal Development.
Final Citizens Consultations.
Implementation Framework.
Financing Plan & Institutional Arrangements for Post Project

Sustenance.
Project Phasing & Timeframe.
Benefits & Impact Assessment.
Smart city Proposal: Constituents
City Profile -Best Practices to Citys context.
Review all Policy, Plan, Scheme documents.
Explore program convergence.

 Conceptualize how to transform the City into a Smart City & assess
preparedness.
City Potential & Capability.
Describe operational efficiencies of the City in terms of project
execution in past 3 years.
How has disaster resilience built in?
Explain & define the project boundary of proposal sites.

Potential to become Smart city Proposal: Constituents

1. Proposal Development Conceptualize & Evolve Overall Strategy
2. Identify the areas where Smart Solution(s) are to be deployed.
3. Assess the inclusivity of the strategy;
4. Is the project scalable to the entire city or to other cities?
5. Sub-component of any frugal engineering and citizen innovations?
6. Specific clearances and approvals required for implementation smart
city Proposal: Constituents
Proposal Development Area Based Developments
Identify Areas and models for Retrofitting, Re-development or
Greenfield.
Conduct Second round of citizen consultation to take several
options to the citizens and generate consensus on the best
option.
Recommendations for actions, targets on objective indicators,
Financial Plan and Plan of Action.

 Inform the citizens the sources of funding and discuss the ways
to bridge the gap, if any and Potential with other programs.

Smart city Proposal. Constituents Proposal Development City

Solutions identify the specific City level Smart Solution (s) to be
applied.

These initiatives should improve services and infrastructure for

all the citizens
Describe the components of improvement envisaged with
technological specification for proposed Smart Solution.
Final Citizen Consultations Revise the Proposal based on
citizens feedback, How well have contrary voices been
accommodated in the strategy & planning Smart city Proposal:
Constituents

Implementation Framework

Describe institutional arrangement including establishment of

the city level SPV, leveraging potential partnerships,
convergence with other Government Schemes, M&E
framework, year wise milestones and outcomes. Present
Implementation Plan extent of convergence of initiatives in the
Implementation Plan? SC Proposal: Constituents
Financing Plan & Post Project Sustenance Provide Financial
Plan for the complete life cycle of the prioritized development
having Arrangement for covering Operation & Maintenance
costs;
Financial assumptions The outputs will be a financial plan (e.g.
Capital Improvement Plan, evaluation of financial options),
resource improvement action plan (e.g. PPP, O&M) in short,
medium, long term and innovative financing models SC
Proposal: Constituents

 Project Phasing & Timelines Describe the phasing and

implementation time frame for various components included in
the Proposal.
Benefits and Impact Assessment Assess the economic impact
of the Proposal and benefits for all including urban Poor.
Is the proposal financially sustainable & scalable to the entire
city or to other cities?

Have the financial assumptions been listed out in financial plan

Realistic assessment of timelines Smart city Proposal:
Constituents