PP P 2014 Rev 2... Ut Procedure

NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED
(A Govt. of India Enterprise)

DIRECTORATE OF QUALITY ASSURANCE
PROCEDURE NO.: PP-P-2014 REV. NO. 2
TITLE
PROCEDURE FOR ULTRASONIC

EXAMINATION OF STEEL FORGINGS FOR
GENERAL PURPOSE
REVISION NO.
DATE OF ISSUE
(Month/Year)
March 2001
May 2007
February 2013
TOTAL NO. OF
PAGES (Including
cover sheet)
15
18
18
ORIGINAL
NAME
SIGNATURE
DATE
PREPARED BY
S.S. Som
SSE(QA), KAPS
Sd/-
March 2001
REVIEWED BY
M. Mohan Babu,
ACE (ISI)
March 2001
APPROVED BY
C. Awasthi,
ED (QA)
March 2001
NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD
PROCEDURE FOR ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION OF

STEEL FORGINGS FOR GENERAL PURPOSE
PROCEDURE
PP-P-2014 Rev.2
Page 1 of 17
REVISION CONTROL SHEET

PROCEDURE
NO.: PP-P-2014 REV. NO. 2
PROCEDURE FOR ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION OF STEEL
FORGINGS FOR GENERAL PURPOSE
Rev. No.
& date
Description
of Revision
1
May 2007
Editorial
changes and
changes as
per latest
codes/
standards
2
Feb. 2013
February 2013
Editorial
changes and
changes as
per latest
codes/
standards
Revised By
P.V. Khambatkone
CE (QA)
Reviewed By
M. Mohan Babu
CE (ISIS), QA
Approved By
M. Mohan Babu
CE (ISIS), QA
A.K. Palit, CE(QA)
A. K. Palit,
CE (QA)
A. K. Palit
CE (QA)
K. P. Dwivedi
ED (QA)

1.0
PROCEDURE
PP-P-2014 Rev.2
Page 2 of 17
SCOPE
This procedure describes the requirements for ultrasonic examination of steel forgings
by pulse-echo, manual contact method and is applicable to forged flanges, bars, and
pipe fittings such as Elbows, Tees and Couplings. Forgings and forged or rolled bars
which are to be bored to form tubular products shall be examined after boring.
2.0
REFERENCES
This procedure is based on the following:
a) ASME Section-V, Article 5, (2010 Edition).
b) ASME Section - III, Subsection, NB, NC (2010 Edition).
c) SA-388, Recommended practice for ultrasonic examination of steel forgings,
(2010 Edition).
d) PP-P-1981 Rev. 2, General requirements and Formats for Ultrasonic Examination
procedure.
3.0
SCAN DIRECTIONS
Following scans are applicable for the forgings of following types
a) Solid cylindrical sections: Radial scan (Clause 3.1) and Axial scan (Clause 3.2.1
& 3.2.2 as applicable).
b) Hollow cylindrical sections: Circumferential scan (clause 3.3) and axial scan
(clause 3.2.2).
c) Disk forging: Radial scan from the circumference (clause 3.1) and axial scan from
flat face (clause 3.2.1).
d) Rectangular forgings: Normal beam examination in accordance to the technique
mentioned in clause No. 3.1.
3.1
Radial Scan
A radial normal beam scan using longitudinal waves shall be conducted. Scan
surfaces shall include all solid cylindrical surfaces of the object. This scan shall be
carried out by the Distance Amplitude Correction Curve (DAC) method using
reference flat bottom hole standard.
3.2
Axial scan
3.2.1
Normal beam examination

An axial normal beam scan using longitudinal waves shall be carried out, if possible,
from both ends of the forging using the flat bottom hole method.
3.2.2
Angle beam examination

An axial angle beam scan using shear wave shall be carried out in place of axial
normal beam scan for cylindrical sections of long length due to attenuation and also
for ring and hollow forgings having an outside diameter to inside diameter ratio of
less than 2 to 1 which can not be examined axially using a straight beam in axial
direction.
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3.3
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PP-P-2014 Rev.2
Page 3 of 17
Circumferential scan
A circumferential angle beam scan using shear wave from the OD surface shall be
carried out for ring & hollow forgings that have a ratio of outside diameter to inside
diameter of less than 2 to 1. Use of 35 probe is desirable when the OD / ID ratio is
1.75 to 1 minimum.
4.0
INSTRUMENTATION
4.1
Ultrasonic instrument
Pulse-echo type instruments shall be used. The amplitude linearity, amplitude control
linearity and time base linearity shall meet the requirements defined in Annexure 4.
These parameters shall be checked at the time of commencement of the examination
unless valid records less than six months old exist proving conformance and no repair
of instrument has been necessitated. Witnessing personnel may call for rechecks of
these parameters at the start of examination or at any time during examination, if there
is reason to doubt instrument performance in these regards.
Following table is suggestive of make & model of some UT machines:
Sr.
Models
Models
M/s. Roop Ultrasonix, India.
4400, 440A, 4400M
M/s. Electronic and Engineering Co., India
ESM-2, 2M, EX-10,100
M/s Modsonic
Einstein
M/s. Krautkramer, Germany, USA
USIP11, USD10, USL 48
M/s. Karl Deutsch, Germany
1023, 1024, 1025, 1030
M/s. Panametrics, USA.
Epoch-2000, Epoch-II
M/s. Sonic, USA.
FTS MK-I, FTS MK-IV
However, Head QA / Supdt. QA of applicable unit shall have the authority to permit
use of any other equipment which meets the requirements of Annexure 4.
4.2
Search Units / Probes The probes recommended for particular application, are as
follows:
4.2.1
Normal Beam probe

a) Size: A maximum active are of 650 mm2 with 13 mm minimum to 30 mm
maximum dimension or 19 mm diameter minimum dimension shall be used.
b) Frequency: Nominally probes of 2MHz to 5 MHz shall be used. Whenever
necessary, to compensate for attenuation, 0.5 MHz probes may be used.
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4.2.2
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PP-P-2014 Rev.2
Page 4 of 17
Angle beam probe

a) Size: Probes equipped from 12 by 25mm to 25 by 25 mm transducers shall be
used.
b) Beam Angle: 45o angle beam search unit shall be used wherever applicable.
c) Frequency: The nominal test frequency shall be 2 to 5 MHz.
The exit point of the sound beam and the actual refracted beam angle of angle beam
search unit shall be determined on an IIW reference block. The permissible error on
either side of the nominal angle shall be 2o and the accuracy of measurement shall be 1o
5.0
PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS
Scanning shall be carried out by personnel qualified by the ISNT or the ASNT to UT
Level I or higher. Verification of calibration, scanning, analysis of indications and
reporting shall be by personnel qualified by the ISNT or the ASNT to UT Level II or
higher. The Head of the QA Unit may conduct evaluation tests to check the
theoretical and practical capability of the personnel performing UT.
6.0
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
6.1
Surface Conditions
The surface of the forging to be examined shall be free of loose scale, paint, dirt etc.
The surface roughness of scanning surfaces shall not exceed 6.35 m.
6.2
Couplant
Oil, grease, glycerine, water or cellulose paste shall be used as couplant. Select a
suitable couplant based on the surface conditions and orientation; roughness and nonhorizontal conditions require a more viscous couplant. Any requirements for
protection of the material under test, such as for sulphur and halogen content, shall be
met by the couplant.
6.3
Scanning Speed
The maximum rate of probe (normal beam search unit) movement shall be established
by moving the probe on the calibration block for which the amplitude from FBH
reflector shall be at least 50% of the PLR.The maximum rate of probe (angle beam
search unit) movement shall be established by moving the probe on the calibration
block for which the amplitude from reflector notch shall be at least 50% of the
reference amplitude when picked up at a distance of full vee path for outer notch and
be not less than 60% of the reference amplitude when at a distance of vee path for
inside notch. However the scanning speed shall not exceed 150 mm / sec.
6.4
Probe Overlap
To assure complete coverage of the forging volume, the overlap shall be at least 10%
of the probe diameter.
6.5
Calibration Identify and Validity
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Any change of instrument or control settings (other than temporary changes of

controls which operate on fixed steps), probe, couplant or probe cables shall require
re-calibration.
Operating variables including the test instrument, its control settings, its power
source, probe, probe cable and couplant shall be unchanged once calibrated
throughout scanning and evaluation, except for readjustments of gain between
evaluation and scan as required during examination.
After initial calibration, rechecks the proper functioning of the equipment shall be
checked by the use of the reference specimens, as a minimum a) At the beginning of each production run of a given size and thickness of the given
material.
b) After each 4 hours or less during production run.
c) At the end of the production run.
6.6
Reject
This control is also called suppression in some instruments and shall be maintained
in the minimum position (or OFF position, if available) throughout the examination.
6.7
Continuously Variable Controls

Continuously variable controls such as damping and continuously variable gain shall
be maintained at either of the extremes of their positions to the extent possible to
avoid inadvertent changes.
7.0
RADIAL SCAN (For Solid Cylindrical Forgings and for Disc Forgings)
This scan shall be carried out by normal probe at all cylindrical surfaces of the test
object.
7.1
Calibration Blocks
Calibration blocks shall be of the same material specification and heat treatment as
applicable to the test object. However, where the actual forging material belongs to P1
(Refer ASME Sec. IX), use of calibration block made of mild steel is permitted,
provided the block is made from forged material. The surface finish at the entry
surface of the calibration block should be similar to that of the test object. Prior to
machining the block, the raw material shall be ultrasonic examination checked and
shall be adequately defect free.
The hole diameter shall be 3% of the thickness and minimum 3 mm diameter. The
holes shall be machined truly flat bottomed, preferably by end milling.
The diameter of the calibration blocks and block length shall be as shown in the Table
of Annexure 2.
7.2
Time Base Calibration Basis

Mechanically measure the test object diameter or thickness as applicable within 1 mm
accuracy. Select a round figure for the required range such as 0 to 50, 0 to 100 or 0 to
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PP-P-2014 Rev.2
Page 6 of 17
200 mm etc. The range shall be such that the first back wall echo is between 60% and
90% of the time base. Calibration on reference block such as V1 block is accepted for
the cases where job configuration does not give back wall echo.
7.3
Time Base Calibration Procedure

Calculate the time base position for the first back wall echo. Set the time base controls
such that the second back wall echo is set to this value, with the first back wall echo
being set to zero. Now, lock all the time base controls other than delay. From this
setting, use the delay control to shift the first back wall echo to the calculated
position. The time base is now calibrated, lock delay also. Confirm calibration from
the position of echoes of other smaller diameter / thickness area wherever possible
and correct any errors if necessary.
7.4
Sensitivity Calibration
7.4.1
Setting the primary reference level

At a suitable gain setting find out which hole provides the highest response. Set the
amplitude of this echo to between 70% FSH and 80% FSH using the gain control.
This is the reference gain and should not be changed.
7.4.2
Drawing the DAC curve

Use the instrument screen as a graph. At the metal path corresponding to the first hole
(which gives highest response), mark the maximized amplitude of the echo. Repeat
this for all the other holes. Draw a smooth line through the points so obtained. This is
the distance amplitude correction (DAC) curve. Use a suitable marking pen which
should not damage the screen protection sheet.
7.5
Scan, Recording and Evaluation

Scan at a gain value higher than the above reference gain by 6 dB.
Recording & Evaluation shall be done at reference gain for a) Any indication whose amplitude equals or exceeds 50% of the established DAC
curve,.
b) Travelling, clustered or continuous indications that have amplitudes equal to or
greater than 25% of the DAC curve.
c) any reduction in back reflection (associated with a discontinuity indication)
exceeding 20% of the calibration back reflection. Evaluate the amplitude of each
indication by comparison with the height of the DAC curve at the same metal
path as the indication and report it as a percentage of DAC.
7.6
Acceptance Level
Indications of following nature shall cause for rejection a)
Any indication whose amplitude exceeds 100% of the established DAC curve,
b) Travelling, clustered or continuous indications that have amplitudes equal to or

greater than 50% of the DAC curve,
February 2013

c)
8.0
PROCEDURE
PP-P-2014 Rev.2
Page 7 of 17
Reduction in black reflection exceeding 50% not associated with geometric

configuration are unacceptable.
CIRCUMFERENTIAL SCAN (For Ring Forgings and Hollow Forgings)

This scan shall be carried out by an angle probe on the OD surface of the test object.
8.1
Calibration Block
provided the block is made from forged material. The surface finish at the contact
shall be adequately defect-free.
The block shall contain rectangular notches on the ID and OD surface in the axial
direction and parallel to the axis of forging. The notch depth shall be 3% maximum of
the thickness or 6 mm, whichever is smaller and its length shall be 25 mm. The width
of the notch shall not be greater than twice its depth. A sketch of the notch is provided
as Annexure 3.
8.2
Time Base Calibration Basis

The screen range chosen shall be the shortest metal path distance to include at least
1 skip distance for the material to be examined. Select a round figure for the
required range such as 0 to 20, 0 to 25, 0 to 50 etc. Calibration on reference block
such as the V1 block is accepted for cases where the job configuration does not
produce a back wall echo.
8.3
Time Base Calibration Procedure

Calculate the time base position for the ID notch and OD notch. Using delay control
and time-base control, set the echoes from ID and OD notch to their respective
position on the screen.
8.4
Sensitivity Calibration
At the metal path corresponding to ID notch, obtain an indication amplitude of
approximately 75% FSH at a suitable gain setting and mark it on the screen. This is
the reference gain and should not be changed with above gain setting. Mark the
maximized echo amplitude from OD notch corresponding to its metal path on the
screen. Draw a smooth line through the points so obtained. This is the distance
amplitude correction (DAC) curve.
8.5
Scan, Recording & Evaluation

Perform the examination by scanning over the entire surface area circumferentially in
both clockwise and counter clock wise directions from the OD surface.
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PP-P-2014 Rev.2
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Recording & Evaluation shall be done at reference gain for any indication that has
amplitude equal to or greater than 50% of the DAC curve.
8.6
Acceptance Level
Any indication above 100 % DAC shall cause for rejection.
9.0
AXIAL SCANNING (for Solid Cylindrical, Disk and Hollow Forgings)

This scanning shall be carried out by a normal probe by flat bottom hole technique or
by an angle probe as per applicability mentioned in the clause No. 3.0
9.1
Angle Beam Scanning (for Hollow Forgings)
9.1.1
Calibration block
The block shall contain rectangular notch on the ID and OD surface in the direction
perpendicular to the axis of forging. The notch depth shall be 3% maximum of the
thickness or 6 mm, whichever is smaller and its length 25 mm. The width shall not be
greater than twice its depth.
9.1.2
Time base calibration basis

The screen range chosen shall be the shortest metal path distance to include at least
1 skip distance for the material to be examined. Select a round figure for the
required range such as 0 to 20, 0 to 25, 0 to 50 etc. Calibration on reference block
such as V1 block is accepted for the cases where job configuration does not give back
wall echo.
9.1.3
Time base calibration procedure

Calculate the time base position for the ID notch and OD notch. Using delay control
and time-base control, set the echoes from ID and OD notch to their respective
position on the screen.
9.1.4
Sensitivity calibration
At the metal path corresponding to ID notch, obtain an indication amplitude of
approximately 75% FSH at a suitable gain setting and mark it on the screen. This is
the reference gain and should not be changed with above gain setting. Mark the
maximized echo amplitude from OD notch corresponding to its metal path on the
screen. Draw a smooth line through the points so obtained. This is the distance
amplitude correction (DAC) curve.
9.1.5
Scanning, Recording & Evaluation
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PP-P-2014 Rev.2
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Scanning shall be done axially from both end of the test object. Scan at a gain value
higher than the above reference gain by 6 dB.
Perform the examination by scanning over the entire surface area circumferentially in
both clockwise and counter clock wise directions from the OD surface.
Evaluation shall be done at reference gain for any indication that has amplitude equal
to or greater than 50% of the DAC curve.
9.1.6
Acceptance level
Any indication above 100 % DAC shall be the cause for rejection.
9.2
Normal Beam Scanning (for Cylindrical Forgings and Disk Forgings)
9.2.1
Calibration Block
Prior to machining the block, the raw material shall be ultrasonic examination
checked and shall be adequately defect free.
The hole diameter shall be 3% of the thickness and minimum 3 mm diameter. The
holes shall be machined truly flat bottomed, preferably by end milling.
The diameter of the calibration blocks and block length shall be as shown in the
Annexure 2.
9.2.2
Time base calibration basis

Mechanically measure the test object diameter or thickness as applicable within 1 mm
accuracy. Select a round figure for the required range such as 0 to 50, 0 to 100 or 0 to
200 mm etc. the range shall be such that the first back wall echo is between 60% and
90% of the time base. Calibration on reference block such as V1 block is accepted for
the cases where job configuration does not give back wall echo.
9.2.3
Time base calibration procedure

Calculate the time base position for the first back wall echo. Set the time base controls
such that the second back wall echo is set to this value, with the first back wall echo
being set to zero. Now, lock all the time base controls other than delay. From this
setting, use the delay control to shift the first back wall echo to the calculated
position. The time base is now calibrated, lock delay also confirm calibration from the
position of echoes of other smaller diameter / thickness area wherever possible and
correct any errors if necessary.
9.2.4
Sensitivity
9.2.4.1 Setting the primary reference level

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At a suitable gain setting find out which hole provides the highest response. Set the
amplitude of this echo to between 70% FSH and 80% FSH using the gain control.
This is the reference gain and should not be changed.
9.2.4.2 Drawing the DAC curve
Use the instrument screen as a graph. At the metal path corresponding to the first hole
(which gives highest response), mark the maximized amplitude of the echo. Repeat
this for all the other holes. Draw a smooth line through the points so obtained. This is
the distance amplitude correction (DAC) curve. Use a suitable marking pen which
should not damage the screen protection sheet.
9.2.5
Scanning, Recording & Evaluation

Evaluation shall be done at reference gain for Any indication whose amplitude equals or exceeds 50% of the established DAC
curve.
9.2.6
Acceptance level Indications of following nature shall cause for rejectionAny indication whose amplitude exceeds 100% of the established DAC curve.
10.0
REPORTING
All relevant data of the product, Ref document details, Calibration data and
examination results shall be entered in the Proforma enclosed in Annexure 1.
11.0
POST EXAMINATION CLEANING

After the examination the test surface shall be thoroughly cleaned free from grease,
oil etc using dry cloth, acetone etc.
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Page 11 of 17
ANNEXURE 1
ULTRASONIC EXAMINATATION REPORT
REPORT NO.:.
DATE OF TESTING :
REFERENCE PROCEDURE NO.:

WORK ORDER NO. :
REFERENCE CODE NO.:
MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
MATERIAL :
DIMENSIONS:
SURFACE
:
MACHINED/ROLLED/WELDED
CONDITION
IDENTIFICATION:
INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION
INSTRUMENT USED :
MACHINE No.:
MAKE:
SEARCH UNIT :
COUPLANT :
OIL / WATER
CALIBRATION
RANGE CALIBRATION:
CALIBRATION :
STANDARD
METHOD &
TECHNIQUE:
SENSITIVITY:
EXAMINATION
SCANNING:
EXAMINATION STARTED AT :
HRS.
CALIBRATION
1.
RECHECKED AT
OBSERVATION OF
1.
RECALIBRATION
CHECK
OBSERVATION :
EVALUATION :
February 2013
Hrs
CLOSED AT :
HRS
2.
Hrs
3.
2.
3.
Hrs
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Page 12 of 17
ANNEXURE 2
B
C
STANDARD REFERENCE BLOCK

(For Axial Scanning)
Note: For Radial Scanning, the hole should be drilled radially on the circumference of the Reference Block.
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DIMENSIONS OF REFERENCE BLOCKS

Hole diameter
(mm)
Metal distance B
(mm)
Overall length C
(mm)
Diameter
D (mm)
25
45
50
50
70
50
75
95
50
150
172
75
250
273
100
B+ 19
125
NOTE B FOR ADDITIONAL SUPPLEMENTAL BLOCKS FOR THICKNESS > 250mm.
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ANNEXURE 3
Notch Details
Depth
Length
Width
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ANNEXURE 4
(Appendix 1 to PP-P-1981, Performance Checks of UT Instrument)
A.
B.
C.
SCOPE
This Appendix describes the procedures to be followed and provides the requirements
to be met to check and confirm that an ultrasonic test instrument is performing
adequately, if such a check is required by a Specification or Procedure.
In using the following directions, indications may need to be maintained on the screen
over a length of time, with assurance that there is no change in received echo energy.
An immersion fixture with an immersion probe can be very convenient for
maintaining this constancy over this period. However, use of such a fixture is not
mandatory, though then, care has to be taken that changes do not take place and a
recheck shall particularly be done with the old control settings.
If the performance of the instrument does not meet the requirements, it shall be
serviced and all performance parameters re-evaluated. Such servicing is not within the
purview of UT personnel, but must be conducted by the manufacturer, their
authorized agents or other electronic servicing personnel of adequate electronic
capability.
AMPLITUDE LINEARITY
This parameter is also called Screen Height Linearity.
Use any convenient angle beam probe. Set the Suppression or Reject control to
minimum (or OFF, if available) which value shall be maintained undisturbed further.
Pick up two simultaneous indications from and 3/4T side drilled holes in any
convenient test piece or block which can adjusted such as to provide a ratio of 1:2
between indication heights. That is, one echo must be twice the height of the other. It
is immaterial which echo appears first on the time-base.
In order to obtain this condition, one method is to obtain a stepped block (i.e. one with
two distinct thicknesses) and scan it from the un-stepped flat side. On scanning the
zone of thickness change, two echoes, backwall echoes from the two thicknesses, will
be obtained. By selecting an appropriate probe position, the two echoes can be set at
any amplitude ratio to each other, in this case, 1:2 or 2:1. Using Gain, Damping and
Filter or any combination of these controls, set the amplitude of the bigger of the two
echoes to 80 % full-screen-height.
Without permitting probe movement, re-adjust any of the above controls to change
the amplitude of the larger of the two echoes successively from 100 % to 20 % in
steps of 10 % full-screen-height. Record the amplitude of the smaller echo in each
case. This value must be within 5 % full-screen-height of half the bigger echo,
rounded off to the nearest 1 %.
For example, for the case of the bigger echo being at 60 %, the smaller echo must be
within the range of 30 % full-screen-height, 5 % .
Values outside these call for instrument servicing.
AMPLITUDE CONTROL LINEARITY
Use any convenient probe. Set the Suppression or Reject control to minimum (or
OFF, if available) which value shall be maintained undisturbed further. Pick up
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indication from from T side drilled in any convenient test piece or block which can
readily be maintained stable. Using Gain, Damping and Filter or any combination of
these controls, set the amplitude of this echo to 80 % full-screen-height. Only the
Gain control or controls shall be adjusted further. Without permitting probe
movement, change the Gain by 6 dB and 12 dB and record the amplitudes.
The table below gives the requirements:
Initial amplitude set
at % of full screen
Gain Control Change
Acceptance Limits of
Amplitude % of full Screen
80 %
6 dB
32 to 48 %
80 %
- 12 dB
16 to 24 %
40 %
+ 6 dB
64 to 96 %
20 %
+ 12 dB
64 to 96 %
The settings and readings shall be estimated to the nearest 1% of full screen
D.
This check shall be done starting with many representative values of Gain, such that
the performance of the Gain control system is evaluated over the entire range of gain
control. Where more than one calibrated Gain control is available, such as two
separate knobs, each of them shall be checked over their range of control. In order to
check the gain controls at various ranges, other controls such as Damping and Filter
may be set at different combinations at the start of each test sequence of varying the
Gain by 6 and 12 dB.
The values of 6 and 12 dB may be obtained by combining two of the controls.
When not using the DGS method, depending on the application, it may be adequate to
limit the check to the general range of values in use during actual scans.
INSTRUMENT TIME -BASE LINEARITY
This parameter shall be checked at or near range values corresponding to those
normally in use.
In the following descriptions, the percentage values refer to the time-base, 0 % and
100 % being the left and right hand extreme graduations.
Select a block of uniform thickness of approximately one-fifth of the range to be
checked. Use any convenient normal beam probe, and suitable settings for control
settings other than those related to the time-base. Calibrate the instrument time-base
to five times this thickness, by positioning the second back-wall echo to 40 % and
third back-wall echo to 60 % of the screen. This would require adjustments to the
Range, Material Calibration and Delay controls or their equivalent. Lock all of these
controls other than Delay.
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Using Delay, shift the second back-wall echo to a selected screen division and record
the position of the next echo, i.e. the third back-wall echo. Selected screen divisions,
in turn, shall be zero, 20 %, 40 % and 80 %. The expected reading shall, in each case
be obviously 20 % larger than the selected screen division.
In each case the permissible error from expected reading shall be within 2 % of the
time-base. In instruments with a total of 50 divisions for the time-base, this will
correspond to one such small division.
In many instruments, the display does not extend beyond the final time-base mark. In
such cases, the check of the last point shall be done in reverse, by shifting the third
back-wall echo to the last mark and reading the position of the second back-wall echo.
Specifically in the case of the initial or last portions of the time-base twice the error of
2 %, i.e. 4 % may be permitted. This however, is conditional on checks of the 5 to
25 % or the 75 to 95 % or both respectively, additionally being done and the results
being within 2 %, (in instruments with 2% as the small division size, these values may
be changed to 6 to 26 % and 76 to 96 % respectively).
February 2013

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NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED

(A Govt. of India Enterprise)

PROCEDURE NO.: PP-P-2014 REV. NO. 2

PROCEDURE FOR ULTRASONIC

NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD

PROCEDURE FOR ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION OF

REVISION CONTROL SHEET

A.K. Palit, CE(QA)

NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD

PROCEDURE FOR ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION OF

Normal beam examination

Angle beam examination

NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD

PROCEDURE FOR ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION OF

M/s. Roop Ultrasonix, India.

4400, 440A, 4400M

M/s. Electronic and Engineering Co., India

ESM-2, 2M, EX-10,100

M/s. Krautkramer, Germany, USA

USIP11, USD10, USL 48

M/s. Karl Deutsch, Germany

1023, 1024, 1025, 1030

M/s. Panametrics, USA.

M/s. Sonic, USA.

FTS MK-I, FTS MK-IV

Normal Beam probe

NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD

PROCEDURE FOR ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION OF

Angle beam probe

Calibration Identify and Validity

NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD

PROCEDURE FOR ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION OF

Any change of instrument or control settings (other than temporary changes of

Continuously Variable Controls

Time Base Calibration Basis

NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD

PROCEDURE FOR ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION OF

Time Base Calibration Procedure

Setting the primary reference level

Drawing the DAC curve

Scan, Recording and Evaluation

b) Travelling, clustered or continuous indications that have amplitudes equal to or

NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD

PROCEDURE FOR ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION OF

Reduction in black reflection exceeding 50% not associated with geometric

CIRCUMFERENTIAL SCAN (For Ring Forgings and Hollow Forgings)

Time Base Calibration Basis

Time Base Calibration Procedure

Scan, Recording & Evaluation

NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD

PROCEDURE FOR ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION OF

AXIAL SCANNING (for Solid Cylindrical, Disk and Hollow Forgings)

Angle Beam Scanning (for Hollow Forgings)

Time base calibration basis

Time base calibration procedure

Scanning, Recording & Evaluation

NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD

PROCEDURE FOR ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION OF

Normal Beam Scanning (for Cylindrical Forgings and Disk Forgings)

Time base calibration basis

Time base calibration procedure

9.2.4.1 Setting the primary reference level

NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD