experiment are hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, benzene, and toluene. Different tests were also performed on each of the compounds to determine the type of hydrocarbon used in the sample. The researchers performed the experiment with precaution and complete safety gear. A. Physical State, Color, Odor First, the compounds were observed at room temperature on its physical appearance and state. Then the color was noted carefully. Finally, through wafting, the odor was also described. B. Solubility in Concentrated H2SO4 Given that the researchers knew that concentrated H2SO4 is corrosive, a drop of each sample compound was added to different test tubes with 1mL concentrated H2SO4. The solubility or miscibility of the solution was also noted.
made sure to dispose of the compounds in
the proper container to be able to continue with the next tests. E: Bromine Test Again, 5 drops of the samples was used and ten drops of 0.5% Br2 was added in CCl4 reagent. The researchers then monitored the rate and extent of color change. An option in this test is to place moist blue litmus paper at the mouth of the test tube containing the samples to note whether the sample is acidic or basic. Lastly, the mixtures were compared to H2O, exposed to sunlight, and recorded. F. Test for Aromaticity: Nitration 2mL of concentrated HNO3 was placed in an Erlenmeyer flask. The flask was immersed in an evaporating dish containing water. Gradually, 2 mL of concentrated H2SO4 was added to it.
For the ignition test, either 3-5 drops
of the liquid samples or a pinch of the solid sample was placed in an evaporating dish and was lit with a match. The flammability of the solution was recorded and additional information was taken - like the formation of soot and the burning time. This process was repeated for all the different compounds.
The resulting mixture was cooled to
room temperature. This solution served as the nitrating mixture. Then 8 drops of the nitrating mixture was added to 5 drops of the sample in a dry test tube and was shaken to ensure complete mixing. The formation of a yellow oily layer or droplet was noted. The mixture was then diluted with 20 drops of water. The test tube was placed in a water bath for 10 minutes if there is no apparent reaction observed within a minute.
D. Baeyer's Test
G. Basic Oxidation
First, 5 drops of each sample was
placed in different test tubes. Next, 2 drops of 2% KMnO4 was added in all the test tubes to be able to observe the rate and extent of decolorization of the reagents. The researchers also took note of the brown suspension formation and that was compared with water. The researchers then
For this test, the researchers placed
4 drops of each sample in different test tubes. Next, 1 drop of 2% KMnO4, 7 drops of distilled H2O, and 3 drops of 10% NaOH solution was added to the test tubes. Each test tube was then warmed in a water bath for 2 minutes and the color change in each solution was observed.