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Sri Aravinda Sarith Sagara

` l es+eTT qT+&
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-Dr. Prema Nandakumar.

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RNI :

New Delhi, APTEL 08725/01/12004-TC

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Rc.No.: C3 1789/2004

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D.T.P. by SANJAY GRAPHICS, Chirala. 9966156263

Printed at : SOWMYA OFFSET, Chirala, 9848088156

1
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qe+sY, 2014

l u>eBZ ucs |qTy<eTT

leT<>eBZ n|sX+s _sT<+T&>T
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sa y+dTseTXd>sT
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n. nd uT$, u dj+, nqT <Te\T s+&TqT deHseTT\T.
n+<T nd <Teq X|jTeTTqT CjT> dH n s|eTT. u <Te+f
|Tx |jTeTTqT Cs> ue' n s|eTT. dH nqT |*+> s|eTTqT q|+d
*+>eTTqT CjT> dY nqT s|eT>TqT. dY ~ ndY nq&TqT. (d') dT
jTT <seTT d (deTT). ueeTT ~ nueeTT. >qT ueeTq> djTjTT
(deTjTT), nueeTq nd jTjTT (ndeTjTT) u<eTT. T+& dY
|<se TTq+<T d eTqT <s eTT+&TqT. @ |<se TTjTT <s eTT |<se TT q+<T+&T
dV eTT. d eTqT <s eTT\~jT dY |<se TT eq, ndY |<se TTq+<T eeTT
d eTT+&Hs < T , nd yT jTT+&TqT. dsV eT>T |<sy T ndY |<se T |d~ .
~ jT+jT TqT eTTq dT\ue TT> <*jTT $wjT eTT. eq nd|Y < se TTq+<T
deTT<jTT, dY |<seTTq+<T ndeTT<jTTqT w&T|<+#T eseTT.
eTTq+ <e&TqT dY |<seTTq+<T ndeTqT <seTT+&Tq> ndY
|<se TTq+<T d eTqT <s eTT+&Tq> <\#T<T . nT <\+#Tys\ | w
jTT|<XeTT d|\eTjT&. @ |sTw&TqT +<{=eTTqT qT\qT, q
e=eTTqT qT\qT <\#T<T. eq XeTTq qsTqTq Cd c|<XeTT

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C
eseTqTX+ s> uwsT\T de<qeTTqT C|#THsT. nd' n$<eqd
nqT >+<eTT#, qTe+{ oc~ <+< |<seTT\ deTT eT&T
\eTT\jT+<TqT <T. jT |<seTTq \jTeTT q+<TqT ndeTT+&< n~jT
dY |<se T|+#T=qTqT. jT |<se TTq |r deTjTeTTq+<T (>V +#TdeTjTeTT
q+<T) eeTT deTT+& jT{ deTT \jTeTTq+<T+&< njT~ jTdY
|<s eTq&TqT. d<dTeq+ <q&TqT ndeTT+&T jTTeTT><T. nT>
|r deTjTeTTq+<T >qT|&T |<se TT>& d<|eTq# |r deTjTeTTq+<T+&T
sE dseTT>& d<|eTT >e\d e#TqT. eq \jTeTTq+<Tq |<syT
d <se TjTT, \jT eTTq+<T |<se TT nd <se TjTTqT >V +|e\jTTqT.
$TT *d=qT<T. |reT>T edTeqT d<|eTT>qT, |reTT> edTeqT
nd<|eTT>qT eTT *d=qT#Tq~, eq w jTT|<XeTT d|\yT>
$|\eTT >Hs<T.
nd' R n$<eqeT>T, oc~ <+<|<seTT\, ue' R deTT, q
R <T n deTqjTeTT.
sDeTT\>T ><T \T+&> seTT\>T oc~ <+<eTT\T +&T
fT? n jTqs<T. oc~ <+<eTT\ sDeTT\>T ><T\T >&
n$<eqeTT\T (ndT\T) > d<|eTT\T>e. f dTK<T'U<T\T >&
n$<eqeTT\ >V+|e\jTTqT.
nd<|eTT (n$<eqeTT) \>T XXX+><T\T |r>#seTT\>T <T.
oc~ <+<eTT\T se TT\>T ><T\T>, |r$wjT eTT \>T#Tq$.
n+<Te\q qjT~ d<|eTT\T> jTd<|eTT\T >Hse nq# q~jTTe TT><T.
sDdV eT>T oc~ |<sC eTT X|eDeTT\#q T, XqT>VeTT\sTTq
s eTT\# q T $#]+| > d eTsTTq~>< d ~ + # T # T q~. ( )
>B+~jT|eDeTT\# s|+| &T#Tq (>V+|&T#Tq) oc~eTT
jT<seTT >< \T#Tq~.
@\jTq oc~ |<sC eTT ss|eTsTTq~. nq> $seTTqT C+<Tq~
s|<s yT|&TqT e_#] +#Tq~. # e_#seTq> seTT sDds|eTT+f
_qeTT> +&T.
n. #sBjTeTT\# >V+|&T#Tq |TXsy<s dyXeTTqT
eTqeTT dT~# |]o*+q# >sDeT>T eTs|eTT +f _qs|eTT
>qT|+#+&Te\q |TXsy~$seTT\T ss|eTT q$<eqeTT
(qd<|eTT) \jT C| e\jTTqT. f $seTT\jTT sDs|eTT, >qT#T qy
> ~qs|eTT >qT|&q +<Tq ss|eTT# qjT$ jTd<|eTT jT>T#Tq$.
oc~ s|<se TT |Ps\eTTq+<T HXs \eTTq+<TqT >qT|&q +<Tq
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H s+&T\eTT\ jT+<TqT nd<|eTT \sTTqqT eseq\eTTq+<T eeTT
>q|&T#T+&Te\q d<|eTT\jT jT+^]+|e\jTTq jTq<><T. seTT
eseq\eTTq+<T>& sD ds|eTT >qT|&T #Tq~ > ~qs|eTT
>qT|&T<T. n+<Te\q qjT~ eseq\eT+<TqT nd<|yT jT>T#Tq~. nf
|T{<T\ sDeT>T eT<~eTT, sDeTT>& dsDeT>T <T\+f
_qs|eTT ese q \eTTq+<T >qT|& +&Te\qqT, |Ps\eTTq+<T,
HXs\eTT q+<TqT +&T e\qqT n$jTTqT nd<|eTT\jT sjTeTT.
T |~y~ u |+ #e TT $seT>T# (seT>T#) nd<| eTq#
eTTq+<T d<|eT>T edTy q+<Tq XSqy<eTT |d+#TqqT |eTT s>
uwsT\T de<qeTTqT C|#THsT. ds T~<j|\u' nqT >qeTT#
sdV eT>T eT<~ sD ke jTd<|eTsTTqqT |T |{~ ds eeVseTT\
jT+<TqT d<T ~ jTd<T ~ jTqT s +&T T<T\ T |\u eqeTT \>Te\q XSqy<eTT
|d+#<T. dY |<seTT $wjTeTT> >\ T~ d<T~, ndY |<seTT $wjTeTT>
>\ T~ nd<T~. T~ jTq> n+'sDeeT>T CqeTT. $wjTeTT <
$wsTTjT jTT+&<T. eq $wsTT jT>T d<T~# $wjTeT>T d<s eTTqT\
}V+#&T#Tq+<Tq XSqy< |d <T. @ |<seTT $wjTeT>T T~ jTq{
esTqT #+<< |<se TT d <se TT. jT |<se TT $wjT eT>TT~ jTTH=| &T
q+#TH (esTqT #+<TH) |<se TT nd <se TT. jTq |T eTTq+<T |T T~
\T>T#Tq~. njT~ |TeTT q+q &H q+ n+<T b\T~ jTT<sTT+#T
#Tq~. eq |T$wjTeT>T T~ q+q+<Tq |TeTT nd<s eTq&T#Tq~.
T n< |TeTTq+<T |TdH nqT eeVseTTe\q \T>T d<T~ jTq{
q+#T<T . |T eTT q+qqT |T eTTHXsTT+ d<T ~ jTT<sTT+#T#TH jTTq~.
eq d<T ~ q+#q+<Tq <Z#s e T>T d <se TT d<|eTT> jTd<|eTT><T.
eq T<T\T esTqT C+<T, esTqT C+<+&TqT { |<seTT\jTT
d<|d<|eTT\T sjTeT>T #Tq+<Tq d<d~u>eTT T~ qeT
j#sb<T\T s+]. \eTT\yT nqT eeVseTTe\q |<seTTq+<T
\T~, jTT\ T~ *qT dH|T', dH|' ~ eeVseTTe\q
|T|{~ |<seTT\ jT+<T d<T~, |TT~ nqT s+&T T<T\T \T>T#Tq$.
\eTT\+ nqT |j>eTTe keH~sD d++<eTT# dH|T', dH|',
dHVd ~ eeVseTT\ jT+<+qT s+&T T<T\T *jT&T#Tqe
ucqjTeTT. keH~sDeTq nu<deTqeT jTseTT. \eTT\ eTqT#
\\eTT \ keH~s D eTT e\q _qeT>T \eT Xu< #| qT
dH |T ' <T\jT+<T>& d |T eTT\ keH~s D eTT+&Te\q d<_ q
eT>T |TeTT n Xu< #|e\jTTqT. \eTT\e d<eTT\
keH~sDeTT \T>T#T+&> <T<T\>& keH~sDeTT d+u$+#TqT.

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\|<seTTq+<T \T~jTT, \T~jTT |{qT, |TeTT q+<T
d<T~ |TT<T\T *q+<Tq T<T\>& keH~sDeTT jTTeTT.
n. T+& d<T~, |TT<T\ |TT~ e_#]+#T#Tq~. d<T~
|T<T\ |T~ e_#]+#T#Tq~.
d<T~ VdT<T\ VdT~ e_#]+#T#Tq~. (e_#]+#T jTq>
HXeTTqT #+<T esTqT C+<T n jTseTT) T<T\jT+<T $wjTeTT\>T
|T |{<T\T e_#] +q+<Tq T<T\ T L& e_#] +qe eTT. |T |{<T\T
\jT eTTq+<T q+<Tq ~wjT eT>T T<T\ T>& \jT eTTq e. n+<Te\q
T<T\ e_#seT jXjTeTT.
|TeTT +f |PseTT eT<| eT>Te\q eT<T~ $wjTeTTqT
HXqqseTT #ss|eT>Te\q #sT~ $wjTeTTqT n>T#Tq~. eseq
\eTTq+<T |Ts|eTT> (+T^y<seTT \~>) qT+&Te\q |TT~
$wjTeT>T#Tq~. T |T <T<T\T njT $wjTeTT\sTT njT s|eTT\T>
qTq+<Tq e_#]+#T#Tqe jXjTeTT.
@ edTe jT\|&TqT @s|eTT> qT+&TH qjT~ e_#seTT ~
(HXeTT ~). mjT~ njTs |eTT> qT+&TH n~ e_#] +#TqT n d<+eTT.
d<T~ jT\|&TqT jTeT>T d<syT $wjTeTT> >\<>T e\q jTs|
eTsTTq~ >qT e_#]><T. |T |{~ T<T\ T e_#] +#T#Tq+<Tq ~wjT eTT\>T
|T|{<T\T nd<|eTT\T. d<T~ e_#]+#q+<Tq ~wjTeT>T d<seTT
ndY><T d<|yT jT>TqT.
eq nd<T~$wjTeT>T |T{~sCeTT, eT<~sDCeTT
nd<|eTT\sTTqqT, d<T ~$wjT eT>T |se TsDeTsTTq V|<se TT d<|eT>T
e\q XSqy<eTT |d + #< *q~. # jT~ >V +|e\jTTqT. sD<s eTT\T
seTTq+<T d+$T+#TqT. eT<s eT>T ]qH ~eTT |T eTTq+<T d+$T+#T
#Tq~. f q XdeT' ~ X |eDeTTe\q ds>sDeTTqT
d<q+< s|&TqT n>T jTT <s eTT>\ d# H q+<eTT\T seT>T >T
jT+<T>& d+$T+#T#Tq$. qTH |T eTT \<T. |T eTT |+#T#Tq~. |T eTT
|jTeTsTTq~ nqT eeVseTT bd>T#Tq~. eeVs\eTTe\q |T{~
sCeTTq+<T $q&T#Tq duyq+<eTT\qT <seTT\T _qeT>T
sCeTTq+<T q$e #T#Tq$. eTT> $#]+q# sCeTTq+<T
e. eT<seTT\>T ]H<T\T |T{seTT> |]D$T+q eTTjT+< jTTq$>
+T^e <seTTq+<T e. nf |T{<T\jT+<T |rjTeqeTT\>T#Tq
d#H` q+<eTT\T, |T{<eq#qeT>T HjT+< \e. eq |TdH
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n |TeTTq+<T *jT&T#Tq d djT > |Td ><T. d+f
|TeTTqT ysT|sq# qd<|eT>T |TyT $T*jTT+&TqT. f >+jTTqT
sDeT>T #qd#H dY n #|&T#Tq~. #qd# >T nd<|yT
jT>TqT. eT]jTT eT<' nqT |j>eTT e dH|T' nqT |j>eTTL&
ssDeTT\ jTT nu< |jTTeTsTTq~. >qTH # d#eTT |T{_qeT>T
H u~+#T#Tq~. eT<' nqT# eT#eTT |T_qeT>T eTTH jTT
u~+#T #Tq< nf, <w ys\T eeTT # u+C+~ |TeTTH
d<|eTsTTq <> \#T#THsT.
n. $<eqeT>T |T eTTq+<T dH| T nqT eeVseTTe\q d<T ~ |T T~
jTqT T~<jTeTT \T>T#Tq~. n+<T |TeTTq+q&H |TT~ q+qT
|T eTTq+<T*q d<T ~ L& q+#T#TH jTTq~. |T HXqqse TT |T dH nqTT~
jT] jTT<sTT+|<T. eq |TT~e d<T~L& e_#]+#T #Tq+<Tq
|TT~$wjTeT>T |TeTT nd<|eTqT d<T~ $wjTeT>T dY |<seTTL&
nd<|yT e\djT T+&TqT n X+s> uwsT\T q |{<e| d<T ~ <s HY
n de<qeTTqT C|#THsT. |{<T\jT+<T>& d<T~ qT|+#T#T+&Te\q
d<T~ e_#]+|<T n jTqjTeTT. |THXeTTe\qH |TT~ q+qT
|T eTTq+<T *q d<T ~ L& q+q# |dH n |T~ keH~s D eTT#
d<T~ jTT<sTT+| Hs<T. |{< eqT uw|+ |T~ keH~sDeTT#
q jTseTT C|e\jTTqT. jT<XseTTqT n+^]+q# |eTT d<T~jT+<T
$wjTeTT e\d e#TqT. njT~ jTw eT>TqT. |THXeTTe\q d<T~
q+#+&T sD+seTT>& >\<T. dH|T ~ |j>eTT\ jT+<T
d#useTT $XwDeTT, |T{<T\T $XweTT\T, eq d<T~ $XwD $wjTeT
jT+^]+| e\jTTqT. \+ +s+ eTTq>T |j>eTT\jT+<T $Xw
$wjTeT>T ~T~ q+qqT, $XwD $wjTeT>T ~T<T\T jTT
q+#T< nf dH| T <T\jT+<T $Xw $wjT eT>T |T {~T<T\ T q+qqT
$XwD$wjTeT>T d<T~ eeTT q+|<T.
|THXqqseTT d<T~ |{<T\jT+<T >qT|&qT |TT~L&
|T{qseTTq+<T >qT|+#T#Tq+<Tq |TT~ eeTT e_#]+qf\jT>Tq
X++|s<T. |TT~ |T{+seTT\+<T >\T>T#TqqT d<T~e |{<T\jT+<T
qT|&T<T. d<T~eeTT |T{qseTT\ jT+<TqT |{<T\ jT+<TqT>&
qT|\u eqeT>T#Tq~. n+<Te\q |T T~ d<T ~ keTeTT<T . n+<Te\q |T T~
e_#]+q<jT sjTeT ueeTT.
n. zsTT! $<eq|TeTTq+<T dH |T' n d<T~ |TT<T\T
\T>T#Tq$. |THXqqseTT qc |T' n qw|TT~ eyT \T>T#Tq~,

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> jT# d<T~ \T>T <T. nT \T>T# dqw' |T' n eeVseTT+&
eqT. n{ eeVs yT#qT <T. eq d<T~ qw|TT~ keH~sDeTT
q+<Tq d<T~L& qw|TT~ e_#]+qf< jT j|eTT, de<qeTT.
d<T~ $XwD $wjTeT sTT+eTTH #|&q~. $XwDeTT jT|&TqT
$XweTTq|&T> |d+#<T. qw|Td\eTTq $XweT>T |TyT q+q+<Tq
$XwDeTTq |djT <T. eq q# $XwD$wjT eT>T d<T~ |T<T.
+jT > $Xw eT>T |T eTTe $XwD eT>T d <se TT L& q+q+<Tq eeTT
><T. d<T ~ $wjT eT>T d< dTe VyT. njT~ eTT, jT|&TqT q+#Tq~><T.
>qT d<T~ e_#seTTqT X++#T jTTeTT><T. eT>T d<dT
edqeTsTTqqT nCq |jTTeT>T eeVseTTe\q |T|{<T\ $XwD
eT>T#Tq~.
n. zsTT! Hd $< ue' nqT HjTeTTe\q nd<|eTT\>T |T {<T\
d eTT# q{ jTd<|eTT\>T |T {<T\ d<|&>T V dH| T ', dH| ',
dHVd ~ |j>eTT\e\q <*jT&T keH~sDeTT jTT||qeT>TqT?
n jTqs<T. (nq> $Xw eTT\>T |T {<T\T q|&T $XwD $Xw eTT\>T d< eTT\
keH~sD eTjTTeT X+XjTeTT) <eTT<+, <+ s+, njT+ ds'
<T\jT+<T nqse T>T < s ds<T\T qqT n~cqeT>T <eT+XeTT
keH~sDeTT <weT>T#Tq~. nq> eT<+ Xs+, sEds'
nqT |r jT#qT <T. n~cq$Xw CqeTT# s|$XwCqeTT u~+|&TqT.
eTseTq <+ s+, <eTT<+, njT+ds' njT |r \<T. n~cq
keqCqeTT ns|$XwCqeTTqT u~+|C\<T. >qT | |rT\jT+<T
n~cqeT>T < eT+XeyT \<T. s|eTT\>T <<+XeTT\T e. ds~
|r |PseTT ds~u<qqseTTqT sC<T jTT+&Te\q, ds~ |r
\eTTq+<T >& jT<seTT> sC<T jTTq+<Tq \jTeTTq+<TqT ds<T\T
q+<TqqT, ds<T\T e_#]+#Tq{, ds<T\ e_#]+#q{, <eT+XeT>T n~cq
keH+XeTTq keH~sDeTT njT+ ds' ~ |rT\e\q *jT&T
#Tq~. nf V|T ', V|', VVd nqT |r jT#qT <T . dH| T ',
dH| ', dHV d njT |r \<T. +<T $XwD eT>T d<+ XeTT eyT d<|eTT.
$XweTT\>T |T{<+XeTT\T nd<|eTT\T. $XwDeT>T d<| |<seTTq+<T
$Xw eTT\>T |T |{<T\T *+|&q+<Tq n~cqeT>T d<|$XwD +XeTT |T {~
$Xc+X eTT\qT u~+|C\<T. >qT Hs+{ keH~sD eTT||qeT>TqT.
XeTT jTT |<eT b<seTTqT eTT+|#THsT. k<V<' nqT yeTTe\q
sCeT+jT T nd<T ~$wjT eT>T#T e_#] +#Te\q, sDdV eT>T oc~
<+< |<seTTq, sDdVeT>T <V+~jT eTq ~eTTqqT deTT<
ueeTT. |T{~eTT |PseTT HXqqseTTqT, nd<|eT>T#T eT<\eTT

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q+<T>& sDeT>T eT<<T\+f _qs|eTT q+<Tq jTT nd<|eT>T
#Tq<, nf <V~eTT >&, q+f |PseTT, eTsDqqseTTqT nd<|eT>T#T
eT<\eTTq+<T >& sDueT>T |~y<T\+f _qs|eTT q+<Tq
<V<T\T >& e_#]+#Tq$, jT >V+|e\jTTqT.
n. Xe TTjTT ~rjTb<eTTq nse TTqT #| #THsT. < ~ >+<e TT#
< XeTT |Psysde| \T|qT. n<y nd<seTTq deTT jTT<
nT n <c+eTTqT u~+#TqT. d<q+<s| &>Te\q d<seT
ueeTT. ds ne_#seTq> ds \eTT\jT+<T, ds <Xe TT\jT+<T, ds edTe \
jT+<T +&T jT jTse TT. { j nueeTT < jT~wj T~s e_#s
Y nqT yeTT# uwsT *+ eTTH #|jTT+&s ueeTT.
n. XeTTjTT rjT #Ts b<eTT\ seTTqT C|#THsT. @e e
HH' nqT uw>+<eTT# sTTT d<d<|eTT\>T H |<seTT\
s+&+{jTTjTT sjTeTT y\# <*jT&q~, n XjseTT d<syT
qjTT, nd <se TT nd <sy T qjTTqT, y\ T *d=]. d<d <se TT\
keH~s D CqeTT eeTT nCq$\de T ueeTT. dH| T ', dH| ', dHV d
~eTT keH~sDCHseT >V+|e\jTTqT.
XeTTq+<* nqj' nqT XeTTq uwsT\T jT<j' nqT
|<e TT# qse TTqT #| ]. nq> nuesV eTsTTq<jTT, uesV eTsTTq <jTT,
XeTTjTT ~rjT |<eT b<eTT\# |b~+|&q d<d<seTT\ jTT n
jTse TT <] Xe TTq se TTqT #| #THsT. ~ ds HeT ~ >+<e TT#
#eTT# |seT]+|<q j>>\ |eT>T jTedTe q+<Tq #eTT
dsHeT eT #|&q~. dsHeT XeTTq seTTqT C|#THsT. ds+ # V
~ yeTT# R (dsd G HeT) dseTT jTT HeTeTT >q dsHeT n ww
dedeTT. ds+ K*<+ V nqT Xe\q ds eTT VseT>T# sDeT>T
V q_qeT>T e\q ds eTT VyT. n<y ds eTT VjT+<T *+|&T#
*eT>T >T n~cq eT>T V q_qeT>Te\q dseTT VyT.
fq # # e TT ds HeTeT>T# VHeTeTsTTq jT&\ (VqT #| H&\ )
u, uj
T , s , e ~ Xe TT\T >& ds HeTeTT\>T# Vy#e TT \ >L&<T ?
c| jTq# u, uj
~ Xe TT\qT m#qT VjT+<T j+|q+<Tq q~
jTTeTT ><T, n j | e TTs> de<qeTT C| &T#Tq~. dsB ds He
nqT ysD |]uw HXsTT+ # e TTq sTT# ds HeTeTTqT jTT| jT+<Te\q
# e TTq Vy# eTTqT C| q# q|&T | <web~+#e#TqT. sTT#
keqeTT> ds edTe \qT C| q{< > T e\qH Hs &q ds HeTeTTqT |sd ]+#T=
# e TTq Vy# eTT #| &q+<Tq |< w eb~+|<T . d ue' +

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n uw|+ R zsTT! V ss eT>T#T+&> V y#e T>T # e TT+f
<s se TTq+<T (uyse TTq+<T) | jTeTT HT jTT|]? nqT |X de<qeTT
VD j<+ n, # uys e T>T | jTeTT# VjTT jT<s ds|eTT
#| &T#Tq~. njT~ V]e T>T <s eTT ><T. j< eTq> jT<sd s|eTT.
njT~ VjTT d<q+< s|eTT. ss eT>T VjT+<T d<q+<s | eTqT
<s eTT eeTT jTT+&TqT? n jTqs<T. q+< $wj qTuy + # <s ',
n|< -| # H Y |< V u nqT |eDeTTe\q q+<eTT, $wjT eTT\
qqTu$ +#T eTT nqT <s eTT\T jT+<T >\e. jTjT$ # q eTT
q_qeTT \sTTqqT _qeTT\e >#]+#TqT n #| &T#Tq~. eq d,Y Y q+<eTT
\qT <sjTeTT V+f ysT>qqT ejTe\q ysT> ud+#TqT. >qT
ss eTTq u+ >eTT <T .
zsTT! V d<q+<s |eT>T >. V<s eTT\>T d, T, q+<eTT\T
V-_qeTT\>T>. d<q+<s|&>T VeTTq+<T d<q+<s|
eTqT <seTT+&> V ss yT>Tq? yTeT&T>T#T+{$T ` nq# nT><T.
V<seTT\>T dq+<eTTT V-_qeTT, d<q+<s|<seTT
>& qf V_qeT>T#Tq~. d<q+<s | eTqT <s eTT dq+<eTT\+f
ysT ><T. eq d<q+<s|eTTqqT sseTTq u+>eTT <T.
XeTTq+<T VjTT d<|yT $e]+| &q~. ($|\eTT> C|&q~.)
<|q+<s|eTT *+<T C|&<T. s+&TqT eTT+<T >+<eTTq+<T
$|\eTT> #| &>\ e >V +|e\jTTqT. <]H+ <we u|+ sTT#
<wj
T q eTeT jTse TT. nq> CqeT Xjse TT. V]e T>T ||+ #eT+jT T
| >_q eTjTT VyTT& d<|eTjTTqT CqeTTqT <#T = Xy VeTT\qT
$&TeeT ueeTT.
q+<]eTeTT : XeTTjTT |<eT b<s$esD|sDeTTq
lXvsuweTTq+<T ds <TB dssT|\u keH~sDq \eY
nqT |+ \<T. n+<T q+<]|+&T\T keH~sDq nqT #
deH~sDq nqT bseTT HXsTT+ deH~sDq n |<$u>eTTqT
Cd n+<T deH~sD nqT |<eTTqT TB nqT ~e#H+|<eTTq $XwD
yTTq] dH|T' dH|' dHVd n |seTT eeVsu$TjT+ <+qT
deH~sDeTT\>T @edT u<eTT\>T s+&T T<T\T n+<]#qT <*jT&T
#Tq$. q ~eY ~T<T\e ><T, n jTqjTeTTqT *+].
eT]jTT |<e TT\jT+<* keH~s D eTT T<T\ jT+ <s|+|&T#Tq~. kjT+
<e< ~ keH~sDeTT e |TdH ~ keH~sDeTT @edT
u<eTT. edTu< eTTq|&T keH~sDeTT bd><T. |sdseTT _qedTe\>T
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|T|eTT\ keH~sDeTT d+u$+#T <T. eT]jTT \eTT\ eTqT
keH~sDeTT \eTT\ >\ <s <]ueeTTqT u~+#TqT dH|T'
~ keH~s D eTT\T>& <s <] ueu< e TT\T> #]se TT\>T#T+&, kjT+
<e< <T\e @edT u< e TT\ jTqH\? jT X++|s<T. keq$Xwe TT\
+ u<eTTqqT, n+u<eTTqqT, keq$XwueeTT bd><T. $sT<eTT\>T
u< u< e TT # qT+&Hs e . eq Ce\ keH~s D eTT \eTT\
e >DeTT <T. eTseTq yeeTT\T nqTe|<seTTq+<T *+|&qeqT
HjTeTT# # keH~sDeTT @edT wyT jT>TqT. keHq$XweTT\
C|q HjTeTTqT >TD>TD<T\jT+<T >& uws \T|<+#T#THsT. @e
eTqT|<e TT e\q n jq+<]|+&T \T yUqeTTqT Cd] . yUqeTT q+<*
jTTjTTeTT\T $#]+|&T#Tq$.
deq+ n~sD+ jTj' jse' keH~sDyT nqT e
e\q @|<seTT\ n~sDeTT {j |<seTT\T deH~sDeTT \q&T
#Tq$. y{jTT <seTT keH~sDeTT. ee\q keH~sDeTT
jT|&TqT edT< jTeTTq+< jTT+&TqT. njT~ s +&T |<e TT\ >\ $XwD $Xw ue
d++<e TT# nu< qjTeTTq >sD eT>T#Tq~. \eTT\ eTqT # _qyT
\yT nqT Xu< \T>Te\q, \ \eTT\T @~s D eTTq+<T+&T#
y{ keH~s D eTT \ |<s< jTeTTq+ <T+&qT. |<se TT\ HXjT
eTTq|&T > |<eTT\ HXjTeTT d+u$+|<T. |<eTT\ keH~sDeTT
|<se TT \+ _qeTT\sTTqqT n+_qeTT\sTTqqT d+u$ +|<T . qTH |T '
|' n > |T{ |T' n > eTTq+ <#qT |j>eTT <T. nfq#
>TD>TDT\>T \eTT\ |sds u<eTT+&Te\q \eTT\yT n
keH~s D |j >yT T *q~? n |+|s<T. # \ |<e TT \>TDeTT>\
<eeTTqT u~+#T#Tq~. n< w <y nqT qeTsXeTT >& ~|<eTT\T
<ey#eTT \sTTq|&T eT&T *+>eTT\ jT+<T+&T q Xd+#T#T >TDy#eT>T
~ |<eTT\ <eyeTTqT >& H=|q~. \De# qsTTqqT \
|<e TT \ >TDeTT >\ <eeTTqT u~+|e#TqT. n+<Te\q \>TDeTT>\ <eeTT
q_qeTsTTq~ jTT\eTT nqT Xu< d~+#T#Tq~. eq |<seTT\ jTT
keH~sDeTT n+qT keq$XwuyBqyT> edTe jTT nu<BqeTT
>< dweTT.
n<q \eTT\ eTqT # \|<eTT \>TDeTT>\ <ekeqeTT
qT C|qT. \|<eTT <e$XweTTqT C|qT. s+{ keH~sDeTT
>sTD' nqT# >|<eTT >eTqT keq<seTT >\ e eeTTqT C|qT.
eTTD|<eTT e $XweTTqT C|#Tq~. f eT<' nqT# eT<eTT
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eTeqeTTqT C|qT. |T |<eTT +T^y<s $XweTT>\ eT~XweTTqT
C|#Tq~. njT+ ds' nqT # <yTXeTT jT<TqTq edTkeqeTTqT
C|qT. dsXeTT edT$XweTTqT C|#Tq~. dq' nqT# d#eTT d>\
edTeeTTqT C|qT. |TXeTT ~XweTTqT C|#Tq~.
n<y eT<' <T\jT+<T eTT sDeTT, |TeTT, seTT >q
s +{ ssDueeTT e\q keH~s D eTjTT, s d\ eTT\ jT+<T eeTT
keq $XwueeTTe\qH keH~sDeTjTTqT jTq# >e#T
<s <] ueeTTe\q> >TD>TDu eeTT e\q > keH~s D yT#qT jTT+&<T .
>TD>TDT\T <s <s T \T n+eTT |sd s_q eTT \>Te\q. nfq # ssDeTT\
> keq$XweTT\ > $T* u<yTq jTqs<T. eT<<T\ |T{<T\
+u< e TT >qT<T . nHu< e TTqT >qT|+#T<T . n Hu< e TTq# seTT
sDeTT nqT u<eeVsyT q+#TqT. >qT _qeTT\ > jT_qeTT\ >
s|+| q\$> |<se TT\ keH~s D eTT. { keH~s D eTT dH| T '
nqT #e \eTT\ eTqT# >& deqyT >eq Hq+<]|+&T\T q
\eY n \keH~sDeTTqT es<cqeTTqT> jTT C|s
*jTq~.
k-jT+ <e<' nqT keH~sD yTT keq $Xw ueeTTqT
u~+| edu<eTTqT u~+#T#Tq< nf dH|T' nqT keH~sDeTT >&
keq$XwueeTTqT u~+| edu<eTTqT u~+#Tq <\ >L&< jTqs<T.
k-jT+ <e<' nqT# keH~sDyT d+u$+|<T. n+<Te\qH n#
u>>\D jT+^]+|&q~. k-jT+ <e<' nqT# <e<T q_qT&T
<e<T&T n yseTTqT C|<T. eTseTq <e<T &jT yseTT
C|&T#Tq~. dH|T nqT# qT dHeT ys eT+^]+|&T<T.
eTseTq d<_qeTT|T eTjT ys eT+^]+| &T#Tq~. #us, <yT
XuseTT\e d|TeTT\ |sds$s<eTT <T. $s<eTTq|&T >< \D
HXsTT+#T? V|TeT C|q# $s<eTT dT]+#TqT. eq \eTT\yT
nqT d\ eTTq+<T eH dH| T nqT #>& keH~s D eT+^]+|e\jTTqT.
n+jT> k-jT+ <e<' nqT d\ eTTq+<Te keH~s D eT+^]+|<> < T .
k-jT+ <e<' nqT# keH~sDyT u~+|&q~.
zsTT! nqTeeT>T d<seTTq+<T yeeT>T |TeTT *+| &T#
dq' nqT# nqTe yeueeTT HXsTT+ keH~sD eT+^]+|
&q~. \eTqT# qT nqTe yeueeTT >#]+#T<T ><. n{]
dH|T' nqT d\eTTq+<* keH~sDeTT \ eTqT d\eTTq+<*
keH~sDeTT e+{< C| jT\ bd>Tq |+|s<T. eTTq+<e&TqT

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d<seTTq+<T |TeTT *+|&q<qT q_bjTeTT dq' n |j+#T
<T. nfq# H|TeTT <seTT q+<T >& *+|&q< eq <' n
L& |j+|e\de#TqT. X|e jT|&TqT sBqeTsTTq~. eTseTq
|TeTT $<eqeT>T# |TdH n jT+<sT eeV]+#T#THsT. n{
$<eqeTT () |{<T\jT+<T >& qTq+<Tq deTT |{<T\jT+<T
>& qqT> eT>T#Tq~. nf \eTT s<T\ jT+<T >& \<T>q s<T\jT+<T
>& qqT> eT>T#Tq~. eq qTeyeueeTT ~ d\eTTq+<T
>& qT+&> dq ' ~ d\ eTTq+<* keH~s D eTT ~ d\ eTT+<*
keH~sDeTT e+{~ >< jq+<] jT\C|s <*jTq~.
>sTD' R dH| T ' R eT< ' ~ d\ eTT\jT+<T >s|eT>T edTe >,
d<|eT>T edTe>, eT<|eT>T edTe> @s|eT>T e\q q#
keH~sDyT weT>T>. ~ d\eTT\ jT+<T \s|eT>T edTe
@s|eTT>q+<Tq q# keH~sDeTT @weTT>< jTqs<T. \
d\eTTq+<T >& \>TDeTT>\ <eeTT @s|eT d<+|s#Te\q u<weTTq
eXyT <T.
eT]jTT dq' nqT# keH~sDeTT d$T<s|eT>T
edT<jT>eTjTT, \eTqT d\eTTq+<* keH~sDeTT $T<ueT>T
edT<jT> eTjTT, >eq s+{ u<eTTq+<Tq dq' nqT d\eTTq+<*
keH~sDeTT ~ d\eTTq+<* keH~sDeTT e+{~><
|+|s<T. V|T' nqT# keH~sDeTT d$T< edTweTsTTqqT,
dq' nqT d\eTTq+<* keH~sDeTT eeTT d $T<edTweTT><T.
eT]jTT eTT q+<|sTw&qqT dq' nqT d\eTTq+<T d#eTT deT>T
VeTTqT u~+#TqjTT, |TXeTT $T<ueT>T |TeTTqT u~+#TqjTTqT
<*d=qjT&\, d$T<edTe\ keH~sDeTT d+u$+#q+<Tq dq'
n deH~sD XeTTqT j+|&T. d $T< edTe\>T \qudT\
keH~s D eTT q_bjT|& \+ du' n deH~s D Xe TTqT |j +qT
dq ' nqT# L& qf keH~s D |j > eTT||q eT>T> jT X++|s<T.
\+ qu' nqT |r ueeTT. dq' nqT |r eeVseTTq+<T q+es
|eeTT. n+<Te\q s +{ keTeTT bd>< T . eTTq+ <esTqT ds eTTq+<T
dsT~jTT, sEeq+<T dsT~jTT s+&TqT T\eTT\ <\+#sT. eq
keH~sDq nqT bsyT k<TeqT, nqjTX sVeTTqT nsTTjTTq~. >,
q+<] |DT \_bjT|&q deH~sDq nqT bseTT dMTNqeTT><T.
seqTeTeTT : Xe TTq seqTE +~ $<e TT> qse TTqT C| ].
nd<|eT>T <V eTTq d<eeTT<T . d<|&>T H nd<eeTT (nueeTT)q

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< T . nqTu $ +| & T # T q < V \ s +& + { j T T s j T eTT y \ #
nqTuyqTkseTT> >V+|&q~. s|DeTTq sjTeTT |sekq eT>Te\q
# nqXeTT sjs eT >V+|e\jTTqT. n<dTe>T <VeTTq nueyT
(ndyT) ds|eTjTT, #qT&>T dyT ds|eTjTTqT, y\#
ssTT+| &q< ueeTT. q+#T dueeTT ndeTjTT, q+# dueeTT
d eTjTTqT $ye TT. n +<* <c<weTT\qT $#]+eTT. d<|&>T XsT
e\q T{q |]<Xeq eT>T ||+#eTT d<|yT jTqT dsy~ jT>T
seqTE\T nd<|eT>T <VeTTq d<eeTT+& Hs< jTseTTqT e]+#T,
eT eTeTTqT <eTT M&TjTT |seTeTTq+<T y+#TjTT qqT <weTT\qT
u+<T#THsT. eT]jTT nd<|eTT\>T oc~ <+< |<seTT \T+&>, <VeTTqT
eyT nd<|eTT> |]>D+#T seqTE\jTT eT>T#Tq~. eT\eTTq+<T
Hd $< ue' n $q&T#Tq ue|<e TTq d<eeT jTse TTqT e]+#TjTT
njTTeTT. nf nue' nqT |<eTTq nd<eeT jTsesqeTT CjTTL&
qqTyT jT>TqT. eT]jTT uyue|<eTT \ d<yd<eeTT\ jTseTTqT
C|q# j> nj>eTT\qT nsqseTT >& |rjTeq eT>TqT. njT~
jT|eTT >q qd+>eT>TqT. d<eeTq> d jTjTT, nd<e eTq> nd
jTjTT nseTTqT >V+#T nXeTT. eT]jTT seqT eTeTTq+<T
||sTwXsT\T eTTesT dds|\T, T\T q>T#T+& d' nqT |<eTTq
jTjTseTTqT C| ndMTNq eT>TqT ` eT]jTT y] eTeTTq+<\H\
d<+eTT+& HeTTqT C|jTT qd+>eTT. eT]jTT <VH
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s$ yVqse, M.Sc., M.A., (Sanskrit)

>sed+b<\T C

404, +q+ +|, 1 {H bdtdwH m<TsT,

Ns\ ` 523 155, |X+ , +<|<X.
Cell : 9440115411, E-mail : ramorasans@gmail.com

Website : www.samskruti.org/people/ramora/ramoraindex.html

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C
SRI ARAVINDA
SARIT SAGARA

- Dr. Prema Nandakumar,

Srirangam.

2. The Sterling Patriot

Sri Aurobindos wide reading in
England had familiarized him with the
weak points of western culture, so he
was never anglicized, inspite of
spending fourteen impressionable years
of his life in England. Involvement with
associations like the Indian Majlis made
him aware of the Indian conditions even
before he returned to India. He took a
special interest in following the Irish
liberation movement and even wrote a
poem on Charles Stuart Parnell which shows that he admired heroism in the
face of adversities, for such was the Irish leaders personality.
O pale and guiding light, now star unsphered,
Deliverer lately hailed, since by our lords
Most feared, most hated, hated because feared,
Who smotst them with an edge surpassing swords!
Thou too wert then a child of tragic earth,
Since vainly filled thy luminous doom of birth.
With such stirrings in him, Sri Aurobindo returned to India in 1893.
His Cambridge friend,K.G. Deshpande, who was editing Indu Prakash at
Bombay got in touch with him and invited him to write to his paper as he knew
by then about Sri Aurobindos writing skills. When he agreed, Deshpade
introduced him to his readers as a gentleman of great literary talents, of liberal
culture and of considerable English experience, well-versed in the art of writing
and willing, at great personal inconvenience and probable misrepresentation,
to give out his views in no uncertain voice and .. in a style and diction
peculiarly his own. A perfect critique of the 21-year old young man!
With the very first article on the state of the Indian National Congress,
Sri Aurobindo arrived with a bang in Indias world of political journalism. And
the opening? The first line he wrote for his first article (August 7, 1893): If the
blind lead the blind, shall they not both fall into a ditch? So or nearly so runs an
apopthegm of the Galilean prophet whose name has run over the four quarters
of the globe. His criticism of the methods of Indian National Congress were
biting in the extreme. After the first two articles appeared Mahadev Govind

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Ranade threatened court action against the paper. Though this plan of unveiling
the hypocrisies of the Congress had to be abandoned, on Deshpandes request
Sri Aurobndo agreed to continue in a more subdued manner. Along with politics,
Sri Aurobindo also wrote a series of articles on Bankim Chandra Chatterjee.
He was now very comfortable with reading Bengali and he was also discovering
new ways (or tried old ways) of resisting a foreign government from the novels.
This is reflected in his occasional barbs at the Indian National Congress of the
day. When will we ever be free, if we remain beggars like the Moderates?
Bankim had shown the right way: revolution! His novel, Ananda Math,
especially, captured the imagination of Sri Aurobindo. He translated the novel
into English, but it remains unfinished. He also translated the poem Bande
Mataram in the novel; actually he made two translations, both literal and
poetic at the same time which reflect his enthusiasm to take to revolution as
the sannyasis do in the novel.
Mother, I salute thee!
Who hath said thou art weak in thy lands
When the swords flash out in seventy million hands
And seventy million voices roar
Thy dreadful name from shore to shore?
With many strengths who art mighty and stored,
To thee I call Mother and Lord!
Though who savest, arise and save!
To her I cry who ever her foeman drove
Back from plain and Sea
And shook herself free.
The first few years at Baroda about a decade were thus spent in
preparing himself by mastering the Indian political situation. Wide reading,
writing, close observance, meeting political activists and even drawing up
programmes of action went on silently. He had got married, he was writing
poetry and he was being looked upon with admiration by those who came into
contact with him. From the Gaikwar of Baroda to those who worked for him at
home, from political leaders like Ranade to his own students, the admiration
was total. Who would not when they drew near to Sri Aurobindo and noticed
how quickly he could master languages and literatures? Everyone admired
him for boldly setting aside his European make-up (literally too!) and readily
learning to love his motherland passionately. K.M. Munshi has recounted an
incident when he got up in the class room and asked his Professor, Sri Aurobindo:
How can nationalism be developed? Pat came the reply, the speaker pointing
to a wall-map of India:
Look at that map. Learn to find in it the portrait of Bharatamata. The
cities, mountains, rivers and forests are the materials which go to make up Her
body. The people inhabiting the country are the cells which go to make up Her
living tissues. Our literature is her memory and speech. The spirit of Her

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culture is Her soul. The happiness and freedom of Her children is Her salvation.
Behold Bharat as a living Mother, meditate upon Her, and worship her in the
nine-fold way of Bhakti.
Thus when the twentieth century dawned, Sri Aurobindos
consciousness was full of Mother India, her shackled condition which was
deplorable, and the need to gain freedom for her from the fetters of foreign
rule. There was the way of logical argument and convincing the English to
leave India for their own good, as in the long run numbers would be against
them, India being a vast country and heavily populated even one hundred years
ago. Then there was also the way of forcing the British to leave India by striking
terror into their hearts. This would definitely be a swifter way. Already Bengals
youth were in search of this solution and Sri Aurobindos own younger brother
Barindra Kumar was one of them. He had had a rather difficult beginning
having lost his father at a very young age. His mother was sick and it was his
uncle who helped him study upto the College level. He had a mind of his own
and came to Sri Aurobindo in 1901. By now Sri Aurobindo himself was in
contact with Bengal revolutionaries and so the days sped fast. We learn that
Barindras interest in sances was not frowned upon by Sri Aurobindo. In one
of the sances, Sri Ramakrishnas spirit clearly said: Mandir gado! Mandir
gado! (Build a temple! Build a temple!)
For Sri Aurobindos intense mood, this seemed to be a firm pointer to
the course of future action to be undertaken by the revolutionaries. Already
Indian social discourse was agog with the Sri Ramakrishna Mission that had
been initiated by Swami Vivekananda. Swamiji knew that the Sannyasi Revolt
in late 18th century was still fresh in British memory. According to the British,
the sannyasis came in the way of collecting tax from landowners and in one
instance in1771, 150 ochre-clad monks were put to death for no reason. Hence
Swami Vivekananda had kept the Mission scrupulously away from any political
association. He was himself deeply patriotic and was anxious for a free India,
but he knew that the Missions altruistic motives will not be understood by the
government.
The well-organized Mission itself was an inspiration for the activists
now. Sri Aurobindo prepared a blueprint for a political association on the same
lines of self-less sacrifice put forward by the monks of the Sri Ramakrishna
Mission. This is now known as the Bhawani Mandir Scheme. One can
comprehend the firm manner in which Sri Aurobindo had readied himself for
plunging into the political fray by studying the ground situation. It is a call to
the children of Mother India:
Om Namas Chandikayai
A temple is to be erected and consecrated to Bhawani, the Mother,
among the hills. To all the children of the Mother the call is sent forth to help in
the sacred work.

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Who is Bhawani?
Who is Bhawani, the Mother,
and why should we erect a temple to her?
Bhawani is the Infinite Energy.
That is it. Here was nothing of Hindutva or whatever the terms of
abuse pseudo-secularists use to run down the great Indian culture. Sri Aurobindo
had zeroed in on to this Shakti-tattva and prepared a scheme to revitalize the
nation. If the Sri Ramakrishna Mission was out to teach us the forgotten truths
of the Daridra Narayana concept by its social work and re-educated the Indians
about their great culture, the Bhawani Mandir would wake up Indians to their
birthright of freedom and the heroism which had made this land a veera-bhoomi.
Bankim Chandras Anand Math had gone directly into Sri Aurobindos soul.
Bhawani Mandirs location would be in the deep forests, suggestive of
the monastery described in Ananda Math. Sri Aurobindo proceeds to explain
the need to evoke the image of Bhavani as the times called for energetic
soldiers, not ease-loving bureaucrats created by English education. Indians
should not seek comfort anymore! Shivaji had invoked Bhavani and had
successfully called a halt to the aggrandizements of the Moghul rulers. He had
worshipped at the ancient temple of Bhawani in Tuljapur, a shakti-peetha, that
is located upon a hill of the Sahyadri range, and is known as Yamunachala.
Indians have enough in their past to light their future. Western science
and industrialization is not the answer, says Sri Aurobindo and calls strength
physical, strength mental, strength moral, but above all strength spiritual which
is the one inexhaustible and imperishable source of all the others. If we have
strength everything else will be added to us easily and naturally. In the absence
of strength we are like men in a dream who have hands but cannot seize or
strike, who have feet but cannot run.
To regain our energy, we must first learn to adore our motherland as
Mother Energy. The Bhawani Mandir says:
For what is a nation? What is our mother-country? It is not a piece of
earth, nor a figure of speech, nor a fiction of the mind. It is a mighty Shakti,
composed of the Shaktis of all the millions of units that make up the nation,
just as Bhawani Mahisha Mardini sprang into being from the Shakti of all the
millions of gods assembled in one mass of force and welded into unity. The
Shakti we call India, Bhawani Bharati, is the living unity of the Shaktis of three
hundred million people.
Bhakti does not mean just prayers and visits to the temple. Bhakti
towards our motherland is karma yoga, and this is what the banded
brahmacharis and the sannyasins of the Bhawani Mandir would do. Sri
Aurobindo also explains the need for renunciation (at least for a few years) in
the Indian context to achieve total concentration on the work on hand. Such
was the message of Sri Aurobindo for the unification of Indians.

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Necessarily Sri Aurobindo had to be increasingly absent from Baroda
as he was invited for giving speeches and getting the intellectual as well as the
common man to wake up and do the needful to gain Indias freedom. During
these long absences Mrinalini had to be away at her parents place or with her
husbands people in Deogarh. But they remained in touch through letters. It
was not a pleasant situation for her but her love and reverence for him was that
of a girl nurtured in the true Sanatana Dharma tradition of Sita and Savitri. A
handful of letters written by Sri Aurobindo to Mrinalini have survived, because
they were produced as prosecution exhibits in the Alipur Bomb Case. In a
letter written on 30th August, 1905 he speaks of the three madnesses that have
caught hold of him. The first is the firm conviction that whatever he has
money, talents etc. is given to him God and so they belong to God. He should
not keep for himself more than he needs for a bare existence. Secondly, he
wants to have a direct vision of God, not mere religious ecstasy but the
experiencing of God. His third madness is that he can see his motherland only
as a living mother:
while others look upon their country as an inert piece of mattera
few meadows and fields, forests and hills and riversI look upon Her as the
Mother. What would a son do if a demon sat on his mothers breast and started
sucking her blood? Would he quietly sit down to his dinner, amuse himself with
his wife and children, or would he rush out to deliver his mother? I know I have
the strength to deliver this fallen race. It is not physical strengthI am not
going to fight with sword or gunbut it is the strength of knowledge.
What quickened his work to write in this vein was the Partition of
Bengal in 1905. He came into the open as the people of not only Bengal but
the entire sub-continent seethed with anger. Sri Aurobindo resigned his job at
Baroda and took up the Principalship of the newly started National College at
Kolkata (the present Jadhavpur University) for a fraction of the kingly salary he
was getting in Baroda. He also became the de facto editor of the nationalist
paper Bande Mataram. His writings in the paper literally roused the nation.
The two terms, Swadeshi and
Boycott became mantric syllables thanks to
his explaining the twin movements which were a direct offshoot of the Partition
of Bengal.
His writings in the paper which included creative literature and
translations suited for the times, have become classics. The journalism of Sri
Aurobindo is indeed great literature for his articles sound utterly
contemporaneous. And they are educative, when one reads and re-reads them.
Well, that is the mark of sublime literature!
That such journalism was bound to anger the British government was
well known. Warrant for the arrest of Sri Aurobindo was issued on 16th August,
1907. It seems Sri Aurobindo did not wait for them but presented himself in
the police station. The case went on, witnesses were examined and nothing
could be proved, and he was acquitted. The government bided its time, and
arrested him on the midnight of 2 nd May, 1908 as being involved in the

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Muzaferpore bomb outrage when two Englishwomen were killed. Sri Aurobindo
was kept in a solitary room in Alipore Prison in Kolkata. Already well known as
the leader of the Nationalist congressmen and a close fellow-worker with Bal
Gangadhar Tilak, the arrest and the subsequent prosecution catapulted him to
all-India fame. The famous trial went on for one whole year. The one person
unperturbed by all that was going on around him was Sri Aurobindo. He was
like the Yogeshwara Shiva whether in the court or in the prison. 4000 documents
were filed, innumerable exhibits (revolvers, bombs etc.) were presented and
300 witnesses were examined. The prosecution was led by the celebrated
Eardley Norton. Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Dass speech defending Sri
Aurobindo went on for eight days. His peroration was memorable and prophetic:
My appeal to you is this, that long after the controversy will be hushed in
silence, long after this turmoil, the agitation will have ceased, long after he is
dead and gone, he will be looked upon as the poet of patriotism, as the prophet
of nationalism and the lover of humanity. Long after he is dead and gone, his
words will be echoed and re-echoed, not only in India but across distant seas
and lands. Therefore, I say that the man in his position is not only standing
before the bar of this Court, but before the bar of the High Court of History.
The two Assessors found the accused not guilty and Judge Beachcroft
acquitted Sri Aurobindo on 6th May 1909.
....to be Contd.

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ndT. |se&T ~rT&T. 2. CH+~jTeTT\T n+'sDeTT <eq
#qeTT jT y |j>|&T eTT\ e+{$. nT jT y&*q
#H ||+#eTT q+qT $T+yjTTqT. n+jTT CHseTT> H=qsTqT.
b|+ $wjT eTT\qT qT\qT, +~jTeTT\T nqT keT+sE\T &
>= be>H n$ njTT CH s|yTq jT+<T $qeTT |<>deTT
qT eqT. T~ y d]+q|&T n$ n+'sDeTT\H +ei
qe|+#TqT. ||+#eTTjTT d$T+ |sBqeTT> qTq~.
ese HqTue eTT\T u \d T\>TqT. u$ w|+#eTTqT ese q\eTTq
j>T\T <]+q <]+#<sT >. n+eeTTq y deTT nq>
u<eTT d+u$+|<T. T ||+#eTTqT <]+| CjTTq~
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1
qe+sY, 2014
XeTTe jTT ]D nqT X. XjT |\jT\eTTq deTd ||+#eTTqT
eq+<T $\jT yTTq]+#TqT. nf ||+#eT+jTT eeTjTeTT> <]+#T
CqeTTqT u\ y] nCqeTTeqT =\+ CqT\T> H=q]+ k\
jT+< eeTT qqTu$+|CjTTqT. ]D eX eq CqT
\qTu$+ eqTueeTT e eTVeTjT n>TqT. 2. |sd X]$<e
XSjT nqT X qqTd]+ e |sXjTT |syT ]D.
|+#eTV|yV>yV C eTV\j |
+ $X+~deTjT|$]D <TX >
$+ |u<eTTH seT$! eTVe! ujTT\H
d+ eTT<sT\T> d\T eTVeTT e eyT.
.... (dXw+)

eTT<\T
8. APANA MUDRA - MUDRA OF DIGESTION
Method:
The tips of middle finger and ring finger touch the tip of
thumb while the other two fingers are stretched out.

Speciality:
It plays an important role in our health as it regulates
the excretory system.

Time Duration:
Practice it daily for 45 minutes, but practice for longer
time yields more benefits.

Benefits:
It regulates diabetes.
It cures constipation and piles.
It helps excreting the normal waste regularly.

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27

k$Ty] d+<XeTT
k$TysT eTTd* e #d #&qT> eTq+> Ls=HsT.
=~ d|{ esL jTq k$Ty]H >eTd HsT. s q # q
T\d <\qT k$Ty] # |{ qTe |]|Ps+ #+<Te n #|
y[bjsT. neTy] nqT nsTTq~. eTs=k] +CePsT y* n
nqT+ k$TysT q w >T]+ +#sT. q w&T L& ed
<s T jT\T<se #T n nqTHsT. q # d+ d]#dT jT\T<sT
d<eTT> q deTjTeTT w&T k$T e< e y] d+ eTq+>
m<TsT #d HsT. n|&T k$TysT qTe d<+ ne, eTq+ <s+
+CePsT y* n #bsT. ysT <s jT\T<s deTjTeTTq
<y\jTeTT k|\T eT]jTT >eT |<\T e k$Ty] b< qeTkseTT
#d eTsT + = sE\ bT & +&+&, MT e\dq kseTT\T
@sT #keTT. e, >e eTsT & +f eT+ sT>TT+<
e n+<] qeTeTT. eT s e\ e >e $y#q+ \T>TT+~.
eTsT q =~ sEH >e #TT |\ >e\ qT+& |\T
se+, eT] <sq+ #dTe+ e\ >e |d~, >se+ \_+q~.
~ e ] ] eyT <T. >eTdT\+<] ] n $q$+HsT.
n|&T k$TysT }sT |d~ b+<T, $TeT*, MT >eTeTTqT eTT+<T
rdTse{ neTys me]qsTTH s |+|ksT . HqT +CePsT y*.
MTs+<s d\ ku>\ +&T, >eT+ n_e~ #+<T neTy]
odT\T d< MTjT+<T +&TqT ` n #| k$TysT eT]jTT y] w\T
+CePsT jT\T<]HsT. eTq+> + @++ d+c nqTu$d
dTK<T'KeTT\qT mTe+{ nqTu +& nqTu$d eq k$Ty]
>eT+ qT+& jT\T |&+ $<eTsTTq |X+qT q~. w
| eTqdT u<. qe >TsTe>sT q+ eT< bjs.
eTs= | qT >TsTe>] e< qT+& HsTe\dq~ + m+ +~.
n+<Td+ k$TysT { ejT#|+ qT jT|&T #|q
bjTe! nH d+<VeTT L& eq~. >TsTw\T <s *d +CePsT
#sT VBXs\jTeTTq y[ <sq+ #dT <y\jTeTTq yqT
y|q q yTM~ >T+& {qs MTsT q& ysT. n& eT&T
<y\jTeTT\T |+#sTT. es> +>sT e ds e nH |sT
<y\jTeTT |+q~.
neTy] $>V+, eTT+<T | m&eTy| eT{ neTy] $>V+
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1
qe+sY, 2014
q$. qyT\ \eTT + q e neTy] <y\jTeTT
eeT] nsTTq e neTy] +>sT $>V+ n|{ + eT{
|s+ 4e X+s#sT\T rdTe yTT< eTb\jT+ nH # +
s +CePsT |w+ HsT. $>V eTTq +>seTT |+# +&
= egeTT #T{ eTTKeTTq |qT>T |PdHsT. k$T >+<+ |PdqT>
& neTy] eTTKeTTq |qT>T sd +&+ e\ $>V+ q\> |dT+~.
<y\jTeTT b\TZD edeTT sq+, XsqesT\T, eT]jTT
eTK qeTT\ sE\T, yX|T ed+ $XK q+, c& edeTT
|w$T qeTT sE\ $Xw |P\T sT>TqT. +>sT e neTy]
<y\jTeTT eTT+<T q >D| >T&e< wD LseT #| k$TysT
s |\ ysT. n& q \jT ns\ k$TysT mes *jT<T.
eT\kH m<TsT> neTy]H #d Ls=HsT k$TysT. k$Ty]
eTqdT y<q me nsTTq~. eTq+>, qd+#s+ |<XeTT
|X++> +&\H #q deTT<| n\\ e s+s+> ed q~.
qT+& neTy] eT\kq+ qT+& d+<X+ $|++~. eT&T sE\
bT & +&T. |< q ns\T ed @sT #ksT , s #TqT
nH~ < ks+XeTT. n~ $q s L& k$TysT <\<T. +
|<q ns\T e \jT <seTT\T eTdyd deTjTeTT nsTTq~.
sE MTsT e sTT+{ eTT+<T q nsT>T| |&T s| <jTeTT neTy]
<sq+ #dT ye#T n #bsT. k$TysT, w&T sTes ns
+{ eTT+<T q nsT>T| eT d+ |T Ls=HsT. ns us
<] Vs+ |{q~. k$Ty] ns us eTTK+ kT eT{
neTy] eTTK+ e |+q~. |k<+ rdT sE s n& d
#d eTs&T <jT+ \eTT\T rsT neTy] >T& e< y[ eTs\
n< d\+ Ls=HsT. ns&T s+&T |P\ e\\T k$Ty] #
MTs djTeTT> e\\T neTys yjT+& n #| neTysT
$TeT* & eT&T sE\T +&eT #sT. { eT&T sE\T
MTsT & +&e#T n #bsT. neTys k$T e\\T yXsT. s+&T
#T\ neTy] b<eTT\T qeTd]+#sT. ds $>VeTTqT
qT +& dVd<eTsTTq XseTTqT qT> q~. { >T&e<H
s+&T sE\T >&bsTTq$. eT&e sE s k$Ty] \ neTysT
|+ w ds B, Cq B |+|+#T, eT<Ts dMT|eTTq >\
n>sY sTT <>Zs y. >eTeTT <{ \b+ q~. n&
|dT #sTT. @+ dTK+ nqTu$+#T. ds+ d~+#TqT. HqT d<
H +{qT. bsq |]|Ps+ neT+~. ds JesX\ d+, ds
dT_+ d+ e b]ke n #| ejT+ nsTTHsT.
$T*q $eseTT\T e# d+...

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29

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ne] : ne! eTD] |T+ bD\T bsTT
Xs+ |&b, Je |syTXsT& djT+>
eT+|<X+ #d eTTk& $H+, qT
n<c |k~+#e! n $ y&T+TH&T.
X d< uyY dTHeTT|<Xu'
bbH+ VQ< deTjT er
~_' \ |sDe#_seT!
ysDdeT| q jeTTT-d
27
|<$u>eTT : d<', uyY, dTHyT, |<Xu', bbHyT, VQ<,
deTjT, er, ~_', \ |sDe#_', neT!, ysDdyT , n|, q, jTyT,
T', nd.
nqjTeTT : neT!, dTHyT |<Xu' d<' uyY bbH+ VQ<
deTjT er (uyY) \ ~_' |sDe#_' ysDdyT n| jTyT
T' q nd.
nseTT : neT! R z ne! dTHyT R eT+|qT\T #dqy] |<Xu'
R eT+|<X+ b+<T d<' R yqTy+H uyY R n>TqT bbHyT R
#&|qT\T #dqy] VQ< R nH <T\ L&q deTjT R \eTT
er R <{q sTyH uyY R |<Xu+ @s&TT+~ \ R <!
~_' R $ yTT<\T>>\ |sDe#_' R |sDeTT\+<* y\#, |<\
e\# ysDdyT G n| R o q>seTTqT L& jTyT R b]+#T
T' R eTeTTqy&qT Hd R n>T <T.
ueeTT : |DT\ eTD] |T+ y+H e<s seT+|<X+
\_dT+~. bbT\ # \+ >&# |<X+ \_+#<T. +{
|sD y\T $q&+# eT oyk nqT>V+#e\d+~> ysDd

q+<k>sde'

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30

1
qe+sY, 2014
L& b]+#qe! n+THsT \+sBT\ysT.
$Xwe TT\T : | V+<Te <]+#\, n#f Xs $&y\ sT&T.
<+> oq>sq |sT |UT\T #]+< qT+& HjT
|<\T #|T+{sT. sTq |y&T o y>\&, n#f Xs+ $&
|&& }V+#+ nX! n# ed+ @< +<+ yq eq
d+<s\T #H HsTT. qTH BT\ysT eTsDdeTjT+ eTD]
|T+ +&\ b]dTHsT =+\+ ed+#\ oq>s L&
b]+#+ <T nHsT. ~ $ \X~ *jT#dT+~. \X~ qy&
sk<&e&T.
ysD$Xc\T : d+<T\T :
d<' G uyY, ' G u > zGu R d< uyY, $dsZ`zs<Xd+~.
G ~_', G > jYT G R ~_', jTD<Xd+~
e#_' G neT, ' G n > sY G n R e#_seT, s<Xd+~ ($dsZd+~)
T' G nd, ' G n > z G n R d, zs<Xd+~( )
dek\T : |<Xd u' R |<Xu' ` wwTsTw dedeTT.
Ve' <jT' jTdH d' VQ<' dH VQ< ` VQMV dedeTT
(nH <T\T *Zq deTjTeTT ` n nseTT)
|sDH+ e#+d |sDe#+d, ' |sDe#_' ` wwTsTw dedeTT.
j |<\T : 1. uyY ` uy+ ` uyjTT' $~*v |<eT |sTw @e#q+.
u dj+ ` n <Te, +&T n nseTT.
2. nd ` d' ` d' R \{, eT|sTw @e#qeTT. nd uT$ n <Te
.... (dXw+)
+&T` n nseTT.
All was gold and gold and gold, a torrent of golden
light pouring down in an uninterrupted flow and bringing
with it the consciousness that the path of the gods is a sunlit
path in which difficulties lose all reality. Such is the path
open before us if we choose to take it.
- The Mother.

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31

lw #]+
& >*>TDXKsY, sT|.
eT&e d+<+
#TsTKT dw s+
V HqT dwkqT n d+*+#>H
yV+, eTVyV+, n+<$Td+, $Td+,
$ueT+ yTT<q n$<|+#+ *dq
u{ |{+~. ~ b|s+> u$+ u>e<q+ #d dq, dq+<q,
dqTes, dqTCT\H eTTqT* dw+#&T. y] |* |{+#eT
<+#&T. y neVq #jT >, |+q jTq qTueT\ qT+ sT<T&T
+#&T. n&T sT<>D\qT dw+#&T. V $$< nejTy\qT+& <,
Hs<, |\V, |\d, u>T, Te, n+sd, edw, eT, n nH |~eT+~
|{sT. qT+ eTq<T&T +#&T. <V+qT+& dsd ++~.
V H\T>TeTTU\ qT+ H\T>T y<\T, #T sXe\T <$ +#sTT.
n, sT, ys, <+& nH H\T>T HjT$<\T, u', uTe', dTe' nH
yVT\T |{sTT. + es\T, #+<dT, d|ds\T yTT<qe
$$<ejTy\ <s y\Te&sTT.
m+ #dH |C_e~ sD+> <yqTL\ d+ <+#&T.
jTq Xs+ s+&T u>\sTT+~. n+<T { dsT nsTTq kjT+uTe
eTqTe>, eTs={ n& us Xs|> sb+<sTT.
kjT+uTe eTqTe - |C_e~
=*+ nsTTq Xs| kjT+uTe\ |jTeT&T, qb<T&H
<sT esT\T L, <eVA, |d nH eTT>TZsT es\T +#sT.
y] L sT |C|, <eVA seT |C|, |d
< |C| $yV+ #XsT. y]e\ *q d+q+ sD+> |C_e~
*+~. kjT+uT e eTqTe Ve< y[ n\ +TC <su yT q
u$T |&T eTVdeTT<+ eTT +~. q, q d+q+ ed+#{
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1
qe+sY, 2014
#T sD+> u$T <]+# bjT+ #|eTH&T.
V $we d]+#&T. y+H jTq eTT+ jTesVeT]
uqy\+ |]eD+ |{, D+H @qT>+ syT, yqTy+H
|s seT+ sb+<&T. deTT<+ #=s& VsD D d+V]+ u $T
<]+#&T. uV~<e\T jTesVeT] nes+ <*q $weT]
|]|]$<\T> dT+#sT.
d+<s + > $<TsT&T n&q |X de<q+> yT jT T&T VsD
VsD|\ e+ *jTCX&T.
VsDVsD|\T ~X|\ n\ d+j>+
<|C| es ~. yT eTqdT d+q+ |\T_+~. yT
X|& e< dsdeTjT deTjT+ y[+~. q ]qT y\&++~.
X|&T ~ d+< deTjT+. eTTVAs\+ >T. eTq<T& XTyq HT&T
ewuy Vq+ MT< u >D \ *d $V]d +{&T. >y de>eT+
deTT+ <T n q##b&T.
~ us e* |{+#T, dVq+ sTT jTq ek |{
+~. yT s+< e~*+#T XsT& qeTd]+ X|&T yT
]qT rs&T. d+j>q+s+ X|&T eTq \sTTe\ <TssTZq
|T\T ksT. +\esT. $we # e~+|&sT nH&T.
~ b<jT|&> lV] b<\qT XsTT+ d]+#T. =&T\
VsD|&H y& |f d+q+ <s T&T, $wu |sjTDT&T k&T .
n& sD+> e+XeT+ |eTeT+~ n X|&T nqT>V+#&T.
~ >s+ <*+~. n~ eTVdT ~q~H_e~ #+<T e+~.
qs+& |s++ q >s+ qT+ seTDjTyTq dT ds y|+
ds#+<+T* d + |d+~. N{ y|++~. uj
T + +|+q
<e\T VqT XsTT+#sT.
dq dq+<H<T\ X|+
V y] $e]+#sT. dq dq+<H<T\T MT+f eTT+<T
+q y. H eqd |T\T. s|+ <*q e\+ e+{ysT. deT>
Cq ds|\T. lV] b<|<\qT =\y\q d sE ysT y+s+

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C
ysT. sT eTV<s\qT <{ @&eeTV<s dMT|+#sT.
n& deTejTdTq <s T <sb\* #XsT. dq dq+<H<T\T
$T* e<TH nsTT< u\T] +{sT. y <s dMT|+#>H
<sb\\T n&T= |L\yTq e\T |*sT. < >V+q dq
dq+<H<T\T eT<u\H XT>TD\ bT u+ +#+&
n X|+ #sT.
jT`$jTT\T
<sb\\T jT $jTT\HysT eT |< >V+ MT]q
Xb nqTu$dTH leTHsjTDT& HeT+ $d]+#+& +&T
nqT>V+#+& n b<jT|&sT. n& \\+ $ $we <s+ e<
e#&T. \<$ L& y+e+~. $wjT+ >V+q $we q de\
| qL #+<TT+<, yqT nqT>V+#eT dq dq+<H<T\
$q$+#&T. n+<T\ ysT n+^]+#sT.
jT $jTT*<s sd T ksT . + \T> |e]ksT . H
jTT< dq<T, H dT<sq#+ # e~+|&sT. eT&T qq
|<| M] q n+ +&<T n $we nqT>V+#&T.
jT $jTT |&T ~>s+ HsT. y] ndeqyTq d
MT dT\+{ eeTT#d+~. V#|q e+ $ <e\T
yqT]>sT.
sdT\ qq+
~ <sT esT* q~. deTjT+ u$T +|++~. \
|s\T eDsTT. deTT<\T \ #+<sTT. q\T H\ssTT. X+
<\sTT+~. nw ~>ZC\T }>k>sTT. u$TMT< |&T>T\T |&sTT. mH
n|XH\T, eTV\T d+u$+#sTT.
X||C| ~>s+ qT yTT< +q dT e\ |{q y&
VsD|&T n, qT deTjT+ ~>s+qT+ =\T |{ dsdT
|+#y& VsD&T n |sT |{&T.
VsD &T V<e&e\ b+~q es\ qqT m~]+#>\ yTTq>&
d+ n# y&T. nD #d n+<s b]bjTy m~]+#>\

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34

1
qe+sY, 2014
y s +#<T. es deTT<+ Cs&, esTDT&T b*+#
$ue] q>s y[ nD bsT V+#&T.
esTDT&T eT ujTT\ n+#H ydT= VsD& k{
|se de<q+ #| >\ MsT&T $wy =&. |> jTq |jTT>+qT
|sTws|+ <* sdT* e~+, eTTqT* sdT+{&T. qTe n& jTT<+
#jT&+ deT+d+ nH&T.
y+H y +s+ es+Z |{q VsD & Hs<T &T m<TsTe $wjT +
>V+ $we y+s+ &T. uus |Pq& ~esVs|+ <*
.... (dXw+)
sk\+ H&T n& y nH&T.

d+d uc|P]eT

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C
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qe+sY, 2014

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(3)
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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(4)
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(4)
(4)

15
16
17
18
19

(3)
(4)
(4)
(3)
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(4)
(4)
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(3)
(3)
(3)

20
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(2)
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29
30

(3)
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(3)
(5)
(4)
(4)
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(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)

31
32
33
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X
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eTs||s<M ` eTsb+C C
eTsb eT$< ` eTsb~*
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(3)
(3)
(3)
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(5)

43
44
45
46

(2)
(3)
(4)
(9)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(3)

47
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wsd s ` Ls|wyd
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eTjTdseTyT ` XjT>jTyT
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qdTsDeTVd+Vdqd
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(3)
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(2)
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(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
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(5)
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(2)
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(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(2)

57
58
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X
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eTsk sTk ` eTk +dH

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kwy $Tk ` $TXT|
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sqsb # ` y<s s
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(4)
(3)
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(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(3)
(2)

71
72
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sssTd+k # ` ssH
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sdedk ` esZk ss
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(3)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(2)
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(3)
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(3)
(5)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(2)

85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
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(2)
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(2)
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(4)
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(4)
s+^ ls+>k ` s+^ D|V
(4)
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y we\ ` ssD d
(4)
qk dsk ` * <wu+>C
(4)
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sLds+^ ` seTse*
(2)
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(4)
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(5)
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(4)
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(3)
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(2)

99
100
101
102
103
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105
106
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#jTeqdyV ` #eTsqkK<
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(2)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(5)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(3)

113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
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s+# +#T +# ` #+#T|d
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jc jq+< ` Ts j|j
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+s|<kk ` Dc&X|
cq<s $< ` cqdTydd
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(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(4)

127
128
129
130
131
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133
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eTD+<k ` yrsd+>e
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141
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144
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$ueVs ue ` eTjTuj|V
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C
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eTeT jj+ jT' wY ` d yT | q d+XjT'

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\es ddT+~.
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HeT+ |sXsees ddT+~.

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(es+&') - eTyTq - n+f - n#qyTq V+& J$+|
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3. l \*q+< dsd k$T y] XeTeTT |XeT e< >eTdT\ ] MT<
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nH&T. n+<q|, q =&T\T eTq #dTq n|s\qT n&Tb>,
*+ H|+ qqT #+|{ |jT+#&T < ` n+{ <TwT~
eTq$T+ <q$Ty? nH&T. nsTqT&T d]#|H ;eTT&T de<q|&<T.
es <ssE $<TsT ` H <q+, nsTqT <q+ |<+&>]
d+|> X<jT\T #dT=eT #|+& n #|e\d e+~.
eTV\e+T&T, yX| s T &T nsTTq ;eTT&T nq>] MT< u >sy\T
y&T <T. nsTTH j d+<s q eTTe n&T \e+
}sT<T. nedsyTq|&T jTqqT es+#&T. n $&b<T. #q
nsTT<Ty deq+> e+&e<? n n$ #qT+& $&bj?

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69

+<HjT X k+<seT
` & . ]C\ , H\sT.
e+T> >sT<CsVD+
u|&=qsTy #|eTjT?
>]eT sTD d+ueT+
u|&|&= y>#|eTjT?
seT eTVAq s< yT sTM<T
|&+Ty #|eTjT?
<sD qu> <d |C+<
yT|&T *jTTH #|eTjT?
ese MD y+# qT\
|&T |*sTT+#TH jqr ><jT
|ue! <Due!
V$eTJe! l+< <e!
13
yUqd d+|<jT |< k$T ]| <CsVD+, D+,
s< e+, <d+< de yTT<q y]y* >] |d+ dTH &T |sTce T
$ |<+.
l+<<e |Ps+ yuy|+> |es+ ]> y\T
s>&+ <, n$ ] ]|+#TeT $ k$T n]dTH&T. y{
eTTKyTq$ ` >sTY <C sVD #jT&+, sTD+ ]|+#&+,
s< e+ sV+#&+ , nu> <d +<+ y]# de\T #sTT+#&+ yTT<q $.
y\T #&& u> e <dT \T |]ds b+\qT+& +<\T> l
e#ys, |&{ sbe&+ m+ =s> +< $ u$dTH&T.
u> e <Ty\qT <]+#\H u qy+#q T rseT u $ u> e +TD |>&+ >
sTTH&T. C eseMD y+#d |\ bT $qT re+>
q~ f n<|&T |*dT+< qeeT+{&T $.
|Ps+ l+ yXK |P]eTH&T s<e+ ]><, n|&&
]> sTH $Xc\T &_seT+ n_e]yTHsTT. yXKbs$TH
<eq|q$T n+{sT.
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<eq|q$T <&q ` \T>TsjT&T <eBXsT+&T
uTeq VeTT> qTe+ e<]+| ` n+<TbsTT MT bsTTq{ jT&T.
nq+eT&H $ usJjT+ q eTTeT& $uT&T`
H$T | |seT |<eTq+>
H=| l+Tq=&jT&q
+< e\u V]de q\sT#T+& y& |X+d+#&T. (u`1.40)
<s\qT { |sTceT$ eTT+<T esy\T ]>e,
y{ ] k$TjT |qsT<]+#Ty\, |+&T>\qT #d q+~+#
neX+ |\ *Z+#eT $ k$T nu]dTH&T.
>TqT sTyTqT HeT+|#T ` $Tq |+s+Tq<qT#T
>eT\T{q dTu+ ~ be ` < keT~ <qqT#T
\* s<T yTT\qT ` eTTe+>eTT ujTq<qT#T
eT+& eD +&\+T\T s ` jTT>[ T{qTq eqT#T
+&THe >&sTT+#T HsT|]y
be\Te bsTyDeTT ujT$T?
|ue! <D ue!
V$eTJe! l+< <e!
14
|Ps+ k$Ty] HusD\T+&e, n+<T = bsTT, =
eyT |&THjT, q y{H k$T X_\TTH&H~ |<
ks+XeTT.
u\T |P+#Te& |+s+ L&q eT\$>V+ +~.
\<$ bT sdeTT<+qT+& |{q, dTueTD bsTTH, $T*q kyT
k$T <+~. s+T\T yTT\qT dTes+> q + sdTqT
M&<T. eD+&\T #e\+H *d |{qT> dV+>
X_\TTHsTT.
+&THe ` @<H edTe q|&T +&Tq<q&+ \T>T
qT&s+. = us D \T b sTTH, y{ ] d+b~+#TH HsT y&T
<T k$T. bsTTq$ b> $T* q b>T&\T, b usD\T +&T>
HsTT #\T n $ nd+| =+ d+| y\& d T H &T. |Psyu y
] k$T |qsT<] +#Ty\ |sTce T$ X|& T TH&T. .... (dXw + )
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C
s>eTT `

Xb\q
eT\ kVre\u
` & &sT |uss&, b<TsT

\T\L, ujT \T\L.... nb\ q *b\T $Tq

|\\ \ m+|
* < + & T \T e T _& \ eT+ \ T= # > eTTk T
#dTy\qTe&+ dV+. _& ss> m<T>T&T { yTT<=q
\ T n =+ \y T | j > | & j T H $w j T + * < + & T \T
>TsT+#Ty*. n+<Te\ {, s+&T dE\T |<y =q&+ eT+~. yTT<{
n$ e<T\T> |+q|{ n$ nqTe>H e+{sTT. _& S, #T\
dT\u+> n, <\& M\T+T+~.
|\\ \T=H eTT+<T

=&T+f VsTT>, *>Z =&>& M\T+&, & M\Tqy{H

=H*.

=&q \qT |P]> $b*q neds+ +&, H| \qT dT\u+>

es& M\T+& \H =H*.

<TdT\ yT>, dTK+> e+& jsT#dqy =H*. m+{

>{ n+#T\T, >T#T=H T, H, |Pd\T e+&L&<T.

+~ < z|H njT$, < |< H >\ <TdT eT+$. m+<T+f

\T =&T>TTq|&T, $||&T eTTK+ |jT&+ |\\T w|&sT.

|\T, eq <TdT\qT y&L&<T.

dT\Tq X\Ty\T, ]>H\T y&L&<T. m+<T+f _&

y y{ s+< sTbjT |e<eTT+~.

<s\T dT\u+ > }& \T =qL&<T . }& eq <s\qT |d| \ \ T

$T+> neXeTT+~.

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{\T ysTT+#|&T >TsT+#Te\dq n+X\T

MT _& m|&H eTs>, eDT> e#j...

+k] q { e\ @<H <Tw]DeT+ |++<...

@<H T>, ndd> e+<...

@<H qb{ ndd q|{ y<T d\V {\T ysTT+#e#T.

{\T ysTT+# |+# |ue+ k<sD+>H e+T+~. +~
|uy\qT >T]+ \TdTe&+ neds+ :
_.d.. : { q 3, 4 ys\ s jT+{~
@s&TT+~. n~ yT& s+&T ys\ es NeTT se#T. |&+> eT+<T
> neds+ <T. 10`12 ys\ s q eT# eyT $T>T\TT+~.
n+f { d|\eTsTT+<qe. =k] = ys\ s H\\
s { ydq y| #+ >+ @s&e#T. n+|&T &sYqT
d+|~+#*.
{| j+{H (&.|.{.) : Be\ =~> s+ se#T. {
q# ms> +<&+, y|, H=| e+&e#T. H=| q jT =
ys\ es +&e#T. s, H=| MT y<T d\V bsde
eT+<T y&=#T. s+ 103+ H meH, _& n> @&TdTH < *$
|TH y<T #|+#*.
MT / jT+.jT+.sY. : { ydq s =+<] 4 qT+& 10
sE s+ se#T. <+uT <>TZ, \TT < =~> <Ts<, b\T
L& se#T. nedseT|d &sY d\V bsde eT+<T y&e#T.
de#seT+ *<+&T\ ne>Vq, esZ<s+ dyT>
y<T\ d\V |ejT+ < >V+#*.
bs+ +f |dTs+ *<+&T\T eT |\\ $wjT+ mH
d+<V\qT, d+~>edqT, uj+<q\qT =T$T{&T THs H
q\ujT XqTue+ >eT+#qT B = sD\T :

sT <sT |\\T+&+ e\ y] >T]+ nX< #|&+

eT& T+ eed qTeTsT>jT |dT|]dT |<\ nqTuy\

dVj e+.

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73

*< + &T*<s <> u< \e\ Xb\q deT+> #jT be&+.

e]bTq <T JeqX*, nH~> de+ edTq |s+|s>

#seeVs\ eT< deTqjT|+.

y~s<esZ\H y~ | me> X< eV+#&+.

B &T y<T\T n _J> e+& s>$CH, s>$<q+ >T]+,

s>ysD, k<sD s>d\ >T]+ *<+&T\ $XB]+#
r] be&+ L& eTTKyTq sDyT!
eTq <X+ <<| \eT+~ |\\T ss\ s>\ #bTHsT.
eT]= \\ |\\T mH s\ T\, bwVs|+ dsq m<T>T<\
+ bTHsT. B sD+ |<] yTTf <T ` s> sD
ne>VH|+ L&. *<+&T\ q de#s+ n+~+#&+ y<s+>+
|eTTKb eV+#*.
X d+sD e\+ &y] u< nH n_bjT+ m+eT+~ e+~.
eTV\ e+ u<, <> u< |d]. H\d] u<\T, >s<sD,
qT\T e+{ n<q| sTe\T e+&&+ e\ eT>ysT L& X d+sD
b\T |+#Ty*q neds+ m+e+~.
.... (dXw+)

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$<Tsks+

(8)

` yTTe ec~|, s|.

p<+ <ssE <|~ |D+> |{ z&bj&T. <Ts<qT&T
<d <|~ dys+ rd=se\d+~ n $<TsT C|+#&T. n|&T
$<TsT&T `
o$cd sd |Psb' eTV$c'
e|c' dTeT+<H>eTd+ jTeTjT+
qV <de|H c u$TeTs
nXq V sCc|Dqd yT eT'
ujT+s $c>T\ Td\T=f &#T\T <+ \MT<&T
THsTT. z eT+<TB! y{+ |+ |+, HXyT jTeT<ssE
e+sTT+{ bu, kBeT*jTq <|~ $|qjTq <d <+~ <T.
yTqT |+<+ |f n~s+ <s sE<T . <s sE q qT> |+<+
|T= z&bj&T. H z&qy + & neX+ <T. qT+&>
ns+jTq usqT |+<+ |{ <s eT+^]+#<T. |> yT
<ssE kT<T. yT |+#us. yT| n+<i deTw n~s+,
u< \THsTT. @$<+ > #H <|~ <s $ <T. n<s $ n #b&T.
sTy qqT sT du &=be{ eq b$T <|~ k$T
qH& H&H? H& qH&H? HqT <s$H? n<s$H? *d=
seT #|+~.
| $wj\T <w +#T=H +&Tdu $<TsT&T <|~ <s$
<, q n_bj ws> s+<+> H= #b&T. ;w <D b<T\T
d+ eTq eT+^]+ q deTjT+L& n<s n<s+> +&T du
m#|+q <sX* ` <seTsE&T $<TsT&T. jTq <sMsT&T.
nqT<+ b+&e\T dsk b>=T=HsT. T\
q&e\ ysT. <sw&T $<TsT |* y <TsZee\ y[qrsT
#|e\d+~> s&T. $es+> #b&T $<TsT&T. n|&T <sw&T `
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C
$<Ts! T~\+ X&T Vd #\sT. T~ #
d#yT+~. dd <seTs\T seT\\T. sTe+Xs&e.
se\ ` H V+ m \T>TT+< #| ` @+ #d s
|\+ eTq qTL\Ts +{s #|. eTqqT s*+#{ |<TsT
s>+& +& esZyT$T{? + \TdT. yde+ #| n n&>&T.
<sw eT~ sTT& dw+> >#]dT+~. b+&e\sD\
ysT. ysT <s|sT\T. |seTX\TsT. o\TsT. <e\d+|qT\T. y]
d+|<\ q+{ ejbjT+ e++ se\T <#T=HsT. b|+ y]
T\ y&\ q&|+#sH ue+ |\ |\+> y|+ +~. n~
jTTe+{ nqs\ <]rdT+ < n < sw uj
T +. n+<Te\qH b+&e\
$wjT+ |\T eTibsTT eTq qTs +&\+f eTqyT+ #j*? n
n&>&T. H |\qTL\Ts +{s #| n n& $<TsT&T q <T+q
qs+ #dT=+{& bsT\T eTq nqTL\Tss #| nH&T. n+f
$<TsTL& \T|=+TH&qe. eTT+<T $<TsT X|T+#&T. b>&\
__T y&T +>y&T keq+> +&&T. n+<Te\q $<TsT&T
yT & |\T qjT+<T qesT\jT+<T nqTs +& bjT+ #T&
.... (dXw+)
<sw X.

d+d uc|P]eT

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>e

` & ds<es s$esY, |Xy< |DT\T, >T+sT.

>C H&T nH <X\ eqy[ bwVs #d
dJejT++> |]>D+#&T +~. y|q e+d+ d+, eTs=y|q
b\d+ >C n_e~|s#&T q~. n_e~ |s#&TTq
>CT\T ejTdTH n~ e+k #$> jseTHsTT. b&
e\T sE 100 s |> b\qT # ksTT #sTTHsTT. b\T,
e+d+ s+q \\qT n+<T >CT\T s<sD >T]
eyT sD+> #+|yjT &TTHsTT.
usrjTT\T eT&qeTdT\T, *$eysT, ndj>dT\T
nsTTq+<Tq y] >C n_e~ H#T=q+ < bXT\ ueq. ,
>eqT >T]+q eTq usrjTT\ ueH ysT. >e eTq |$ +Te. ~
eqe\ eT &q =* +Te\ ~ {. ||+#+ ==*
yvjTyTq y<\ >C nH $<\T> |k$+#&+~, |dT+# &+~.
nq+s yvjTyTq Vd |sD e H\H $$< Xg>+<\
L& B |Xd <w+ # &+~. |* +> H{ L& ~ |P +Te>
usrjTT\# |P+|&T +~.
y< yvjT+ >e s+#<q, e~+#<> +Te> #|&+~.

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C
e sT<D+ <TV edH+
dk~HeTeTd H_'
| qT y#+ T w HjT
e >eTH> eT~+ e~w. (TT>. 8`101`15)
sT<T\ *, edTe\ LTsT, ~T\ k<], b\T, HsTT
|<s\ VTe, k<Te, n~ e+{~ n>T >eqT e~+|e\<T.
jTEs<eTT =* eT+eTTH >e\ |d dTq~.
n|- +<jT u>yT
|CersqMTy- njT
eedq- X e|T X+k <Ty- ndH >| kY
Vseqd |XSH bV.
e~+| <>$ n>T >e\T j~ s>eTT\T y, d+qe+eTT
e b\ H=d+>T>! n$ #sT\ eXeTT +&T>! yTeTT >C s\eTT
n>T<TeTT>! n | eT+u> ueeTT.
eT+ kVd+ X<seTT+
e#eq+ d]sd eT<
|T+ <TVH eT~+ Hj>
n>! e V+d' |syT yeTH. (jTE.13`49)
nH dTU\ k<yTq~, n~ b\<s\ sDyTq~, bw+#
<q~ nsTTq uTqT, (b\<s) H #&, nK+&jTeTT nsTTq eqT
V+d+#e\<T.
n<sy<+ >eqT >T]+ me> #|&+~.
>y n>qT u<eT
<qT >w sDjTqd
|Cer' |sTsb VdT
]+<jT |P sTwk <TVH' (n<s.4`5`21`1)
>e\T ey| e#T>. u<+ seTT\>T >! n$ e X\
ed+#T>. b\<s\ eTeTT q+<|s#T>. d+qeT nH sb\
e >V+ n_e~ #+<T>. |VeTT eqe\ b\qT #T>.

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|Cer' djTed sTX'
X< n|' dT|bD |'
e e dq X e|TX+d'
|] y sT<d VsD!
(n<s.4`5`21`7)
><&\T >* ddXeT\yTq <X+ |]XuyTq { >T,
|>& + q >e\qT <=+>\T n|V]+|+<TsT >.
Ve >e @HVA
Xe |w Vy
| CjT<+ eTsTT
d+CqeTdT e'!
(n<s.3`14`4)
z >es! H +{ e |>& |w b+~ <&\qT b+<T&T.
H| MT |eT \T>TqT >!
d+C>H n_uTw ` sdH >w wD'
_ur' keT+ eT< ` qMTy |q! (n<s. 3`14`3)
X\ sj
T T |eT> + neTbjTyTq b\qT e>\sT.
MTsT s>sVT +<TsT>.
eTj >y >|H q#<
eTjT+ y >w V bwsTTw'
sjT kwD VQ ue+r
y Je+rsT| e d<eT (n<s. 3`14`7)
>es! MTsT e +& e e\q bw+|&T n_e~ b+<+&.
yTeTT $TeTT e |XX\ + d$+TeTT.
$<+> nH y<eT+\ >, eqe nqT+<+ #>
$e]+|&+~. nH nq eT_ Vs e+ C $Ty| (3`6`30`1)
n+ |{q e<&, e @$<+> nHq+> +{j n eqe\T
]H=sT |$T+#T= nHq+> +&\ #|&+~. kes+ eTV
ku>jT (7`6`73`8) n+ >=| ku>+ d+ >e\T e~b+<* n
++#&+~. >C n_e~ y{ #e\jT+<T $T<Tq V\qT yj\
#|&+~ (3`13`141). >deTT (3`3`14) >|w deTT (2`4`26) \T
#|&sTT. > s> |XeTHseTT, >e\T n~+> b\qT #+<T dV<$
nH zw~ b]+#eTT (6`6`59`2) ksTT.

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C
eb\T BsjT Te kjT (12`3`49), >eT+ |j >
|&TT+< (6`6`57`2) $e]+#&+~. $XeTTqT >e b\T
| $$<X\T >e $$< n+>\T> n_e]+# &sTT (9`6`14).
>e\T @&~ <&qT kjT (9`5`29), nsTT e\\T |+ <weT,
<w ysD = eT+\T (4`7`35) #|&sTT. qq >V|yX
deTjT+ >eqT +{ #T |<D+ #sTT+#\ (6`3`28) #|&+~.
>C n_e~ uT\qT m+|#d $&|f d+|<jT+ d+#&+~
(7`10`111). > e< re+> sd+#&+~ (8`3`16). $<+> n<sy<
eT+\ >|Xd $ks+> |dT+~.
e bT s |Xe\ |dL& y<\ |dT+~. eTjTT+
|X+ yT< eT> Ewd (jTE. 13`47). z eqe&! |$yTq |Xe\qT
V+d+#, d$+#TeTT n, X+ H ndT ~|< X+ #Tw< (jTE. 36`8)
~b#Tc<k+ dsyT dHTsyT (jTE. 11`95) ` ds eqe\T,
+Te\T dTKT\T >qT s>sVT\T>qT +&T>` n y<eTT +dTq~.
dsJe\ d+e n_\wdTq~.
nsTT, y< |b~yT q jTC\ |X e< ` eTTK+> >e\, >Ts\
e< +&< =+<sT |#s+ #dTHsT. ~ y~ d+d Xu\
d+d ns\qT b~+#+ e\q sT>TTq~. jT Xu jTC y
XweT+ s n jTeTq> # eTyTq eT+ |> $esD dTq~.
y<|T+Te yT<, jT |<\T |sjT |<\T> #|&sTT. jTC
>\ eTs= |sjT |<+ n<syT nq~. <ssY V+k s. w<
b' nq $esDqT { n<s Xu V+d s n nseTT.
$<\T> jTeTT nV+dqT |u~dT+&> n~ |Xe\qT #+| #d s>
|#s+ &+ <Ts< we TT. n+<T. n~ y<< s e] +#yT neT+~.
jTs |XV+d e< y<\T #|THjTq< ks+XeTT.
us<X+ >T]+#&q k >CT\T 31 < HsTT.
>T]+#&$ eT]= HsTT. <ojT >CT\ j keTs+
(|+q m_*{) q+> +~. B eTq+ eTq sTH{ neds\
nqT>TD+> n_e~ |s#Te\d +~. $<o >C bwD b*, <ojT
>C e KsT bw+#T>\+. dTBs \+ n~ | b+<{
>C bwD # esZ+.
<ojTyTq e\ b\T, HsTT, yq nH jTTs<Ww< \ nqTbq+>

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$~+#&sTT. |<s\ Ww<>TD\qT |]X<\T >T]+#sT. e\
eTeTT, |& L& Ww<\T> y&&TTHsTT.
eb\T *b \ deqeTq $wjT eTT n+<] *dq<. eHsTT
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nqTue+ |]>~, d+ y| ]>~. s, s \TdT=q<q d
|]X~+# |jT~ u$T, b|~. ~ < k<q <T, k<eT
<T. *+&T\ qT |+|&T =&Tq nH<u\T&q|{, d+
\TdTH+es y] *+&T\T>H qeTT&T, d+ *dq sTy
L& d nHw+ \TdTH |s+eT qqT T, q=
Tq |+q y] eT]+> qeT+ neT, Hq nH
n+{&T <. $Xd+ n<k<q |+|&T +& L&. qT X<
n yTT<f #|H&T |+*. k<&T CdTe <, qT X<yH
\u Cq+ nq ^y d]+#*.
@> X< yTT<{yTT >, X s+&e yTT. BH d+
MseTT n+T+~. @> L& X re &q|&T k< k|\+
s> #sT eeT+~. C, | J$jT k< &jT #| e#TqT. |jT eTT
+&, X<X\T +& jT bDjTq J$+# >\<? eqeqq |seTTqT

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>T]+ <d, Jy`|se \ >] }V, $T> bDT\ \T><T . yq~
VyT, VyTTf. V J$eTT >& eqeq \ eTT\T nHe TT\Tq$
<? n+f, \d~ k<q |<T <? k<q L& X<, MseTT
&T e\dqy. < k< q $ eT]+> e\djT Tq$. VyT q qT,
eTTwyTqqT k<q m+ @>eTT, m+ reeT nsTT, k|\eTT n+
<>ZseT+~, k<eTeT+~. X sVdyTeTq>, #sdt &]H #|qT, X
|j+q =\~ n~~eTT >\<T. |j+#q D+#>\<T. qT
y>TDeTT Vq>TDeTqT. ~ jXSqT> #jTTqT. k<q |seT
XTe. X<L& k<q |sT>>\<T.
eTqdTqq \D eTT eTqqeTT, d . qT k< &T X< MseTT
k<q #jT>, eTqdT d \DeTT esZeTTq q&#T s+_dT+~.
n+f, < #+#\+ eT+> >TZeTTK+ |{ @>yT \#T d<eT>TqT.
yTTHq s de~ d~dT+~.
de~ d #]q s k< eTqdT < \eTT| deTdeTTqT
eTs @>eTeT+~. d eTT+<{ s+&T, X<MseTT\ k< TTEe.
@> { |]|Ps+ e+ e\q | \T>TT+~.
| n+f deTk B|+|Cd, J$+|Cd Cq+. q J$+
$$< |T{\qT, q *q esTqT >eT+qsTT, k<q nseTjT
$wjT+, n+esL |edTeqT >T]+, | e >T]+, | ueqqT
>T]+, | <eTTqT >T]+ q *dq~ e, *jT~ me>
+&~ n, n< q y|\, <T'U\L sDeTqT. |&+f, N{
=\, ds<jT+ >, + n dwyTqT, n+sV' ||+#eTT
dw+> \Tdq~. n+f q | *+~.
V \\ eTT&e&q k<q \_+# | |]$TyT. H\
Cqk<q \_+# | deT>eTT. qT j>k< \eTT n~jT
.... (dXw+)
eqT.

z+ qy HsjTDjT

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91

l'

wy

l u\+=+&seTsjT $$s

~qsyUdV y<qeTTe+sZ
s|wY
XeTT\T ` 14 qT+& 59 es
X

jTXj_\wy|eTq|T y+ BeT
Hsw >Vw qTw dTuvZHdT Y
<Hw s<w u$Tw H dsZ|u>w|
|X n$<jT XqeTqk XXSwDj >TsT'
14
y : n< s|w <UjT. e <TZsTXXSwj$ < Hj
~<y|j
T >TsTXXSc+ ds eTdHd|P ]+ $<< . jT ` nq|T '
c|' db|d eTTeTTj @yqT<j~ue'. <xq|T$TV q
Hqs yqTw ] ceT$Vs _s e . jT' y+ XjT ' XjTdeTy|+
b|e T_\w q BeT T~X*H, nsw <H w >Vw qTw dTuvHZ dT
` dTw uw nvZHj+ <sw #. <Hw s<w u$Tw H dXs
dsZ|u>w # <| d+X<| edT d+<| y. |X \uw
yTw |'. n\uw X. n$<jT n` << ~e#q $T
|>V<d'. Xqeqk XHq |dHq eTqk >TsT' V$<T|<c
k#s'. XXSwDjT' ujT' $<y|jT ue'.
14
X d|s>V~d+deTjT|jT' |Xj
$<esZ$\D \d d Xj<$<|<'
uH' |DeH >u-$<|<HXj'
L|-H e d+d |]|qH |s+ VD'
15
y : Xj _wD $<y|j
T >TsTXXSwDj
T Ty T ds dHd
|PsyT . eTjTyT @e Xj y|e s'Z ? jT<, <Hd. n V. d|
` d' Xj<$<|<' y|<CqesZ'. d|s>V~d+deTjT |jT'

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92

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qe+sY, 2014
|Xj- $<esZ$\D'. d jT' | ns' >V' ~|<s X
qTue~>VDyT. @e d+dd+ks' qjT+ <|+ |jT'|\+ `
|jT |\ + < Xj <$<esZ~\D dH \d. $<esZ- $<esZ
d esZ<jTyTe. $<esZ @e XjT'|< Hq'. nq d$<esZ'
|jT'|< @e. Xj sXjT dTK|se T|sTcs' |jTdT <T'KeTjTd+ks'.
<sseH+ jD+ d+ks @yqse' . qHe+ ds $T Xjs+
$<esyZ T e HXjT H n V. uH ` uH' |D e q' |D e q+
eTqq |Deq'. n$<|< n$<esZ >u' dxsq dq' sD
H$T e # syHe. \+ # dsZ~ \D+ ueyTe.
s uy. Hd V+ d|| dee. dTKs$wjT|]> q
jTT' |Pss| eT#~_' sesZ @ye\$T'. $Vs>X
qsb VTs e. sedy > HqH]' <VqH Hd e eTHH'
s&' sDyqTwq dq'. nHXj nH' L| e. d+d |]|`
|. nd|eTV<jT' sDe eH ejTeT| <e s
|Ps#s|]>V @ eT&'. nHe\eTH nH e d+ksL| |.
eeVjT $\ wq|seTsj ueTjT usr sTe_sT&
u>eY. nH CqdHdqdT VD' |s+ kq+ $X Xw'
|]|k|qTsD$T y.
15
X -jT+ |X|>V<sD<H~sb-d `
~q' -| |s q #d V duyx e<
qw+ <VeTjT+ | d|s+ $~ HX+ q `
CH_eTq jTeTeX+ j|$<eX'
16
y : d w s s n$<|<b H' dHdqdT $<|<b H Ty T .
HdH+ |q' esZ V. ` |X |>V<sD<H~s|'
njT+ <XeH @yd. ~q' | |s Hyd V jTk<e+
dkY. uyx |s eT' e<`es'. kY. qw+ eT+
<VeTjT+ <Vs|+ <Vy~HdH$T ue'. d|s+ | `
~X bCq $<Tc $~ qHX+ q |DjTyT n$<d' n$<esZd'
nH~<su ku$y$<esZ|e yH$T ue' Xw'
n_eTq jTeTeX+ eTT|T+ j| bb # |q' |q]jT
CjT #s' Hd n|$<|<bH @e |sdT ssu| Vqs+ <TsZ
yTy ># |X~qb|\D+ qsb|\Dx ue'. .... (dXw+)

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C
l |Dq+<eTT $s

eT$dyT

(7)

yK ` y\eT $XH<, V<su<.

e+< >TsT|<<+<+ nyvqd>#syT

sX |u$TXeTs+ |s+ eTV'

l |Dq+<eTT $syTq eT$deTT
|+#<o eTVeT+e TTqT eTijT T l#$esDqT \T|qT.
+Y {\yTq $wjT eTT >qT bs \T B dT
<w n<jTqeTT >$+TsT>.
` sys
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qyesD\T : keqeTT> $<qud+#Tq|&T dweTeTT, bdq
#d|&T d+VseTeTT nqTd]keTT. qyesD\T eqe<VeTT..
_+<Te ` Vs+<e TT DeTT ` \eTT+<T u>eTT nw DeTT ` \eTT
n+sX seTT ` u eT< eTT VsX seTT ` +se TT #T sX seTT ` V<jT eTT
nw< | < eTT ` H_ c&X< | < eTT ` { |<X e TT e jT eTT ` }sTe\T
u|seTT ` b<\T +{sTT n #|sT.
_+<Te
X dH _+<TeTjT # k |sdT+< <M
yTXs+\j \j #+<d *+k 37
X bX+X#||dqXs|+#+ds
usTDsTD+^ XuqTXqT#qj 38
y#seTT : eTVeTVX] #+<# q\+]+|&q eTTqT,
#+<d ss| HjT eTTqT, eT+<d eTTKeTTqT, #X j
T H bXeTTqT,
CqXjTH n+XeTTqT, eTqdeTH <+&eTTqT, |+#H\H
|wuDeTT\ Vd# T wj
T eTT *, ~e>+<e g eus D <T\# n\+
jT ddeq ywu c<T\T>\ qyesD<e\# |]d$jT yTX<$ yTXs
yysTu>eT+<T |+#T#Tq~.
\seTT : ds|k<qjT >+<eTTjTT |<q\eTT. eTTqT| #|q

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$<eTT> qyesD\T eqe<VeTTq+<THsTT q <e qyesD
<e\# |]d$jT nq> <e\+<s eTq<VeTT Hs >V+#*,
$<eTT> >+< |seT\eTT *jTCdTHsT.
n<seTT : ddeq ywuc<T\T\ nq> yT ywuc<T\ yTjT
k{. deTj#seTT |seTT +<T n<CqeTT Ls&q~, #eTTq,
#eqT # V+& ` |+&+&eTT\ <ueq #LsTdT+~
n #| + nXj <y . _+<TkqeTTH dT<d+<T e, qes B|eTT,
eTD|seTT, \<qeTT, +eTD>VeTT yTT<\>T d+eTT\
*jTCdTq|{ n<+jT kqeTTH |k$+#T#THsT, eT]jTT
deTk| wT \ T |sC qeTT<s n|sC qeTT u~dT H sTT. y y{
= s`bdq +&\<s u<#dTq|{ n$ |sds$s~ueeTT
H<T, e\eTT X~=s, <s ds|Cqj> d~.
$XcseTT : Y dc <yqTb$XY n Xe\q, Xs sDeTT |P]jTq
|<| Vs+<eTT <s |y+, kds|eTT> +{&T, n~jT
. eTTqT| #|qdeTT |seTT dssD_+<Te>T d+$~+<Te
DeTT eT< |+#T#Tq~. nq> _+<TeqT $& DeTT +&<T,
DeTTqT $& _+<Te +&<T. $< < |<q keTsdeTT.
dsq+<eTsT #yT eT\|. < _+uX<V ds|eTT, q$
X\Vds|eTT\T.
eTT ` |+#VeTT <e ` l ssCX |su{] <$ j
` |s|s sVd #X] ` eTV|sdT+<] ksTueeTT ` XeTeTT sdeTT
` X+sdeTT eTT< ` dsjeTT< ;eTT ` +.
.... (dXw+)

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95

l'
l<M K&Ze
bXdeTT
` & V] eesY, es+>.

usrjT d+|<jT+
<es<q $w |jT.
|jTqT $e]+#~ eT+XgeTT.
Xg> + < \ + e TT\
eeV s e TTq~. + e Tq>
CqeTTqT $d]+|Cd< nseTT. n+f ` eT+ eTTqT, < nseTTqT,
< bdH $<qeTTqT $e]+#< ueeTT. $wjT $esDeTTqT =
| e TT>qT, eT]= |se TT>qT u~dT q $. n~ >V + bdd d * +
\_dT+~.
X| P C $<qeTT $>V \ s|+qT, jT+\ s|+qT sT>T
+&+ d+|<jT+! s+&+{ jT+sbbdq XwyTq< >eTeTT\T
#TTHsTT. n{ jT+\ ds wyTq~ l#eTT. n+<T <
jT+seT |sT.
l#$seeTTqT >T]+ V+&| sDeTTqT, s DT|sDeTT qT
#|&+~. e+XE&q sDTeH eTVsE |dT yT l<$
l#eT< >j
T $s$ ++< s DT|sD+ #| &+~. > u+ &dTsT
sTT+#{ +<~<e\T jT+ #jT>, VAe eT<+
l#eT<>jT |yTq< V+&|sD+ #TTq~.
l#dsb $e]+# d+|<sTT X$T~ `
_+<T D edTD <XsjTT> ` eTqX H>< d+jTT c&XsyT
ejT+ # <sDd<qjT+ # ` l#yT<T~+ |s<ej'

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96

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nq> ` _+<Te, DeTT, edTDeTT, <XsjTT>eTT, eTqdeTT, nw<
|<eTT, c&X<|<eTT, yTKjTeTT, sUjTeTT ` nH esDeTT\T
l#+ HsTT.
l#+ < { $T&jT Tq 9 DeTT\THsTT. +<eTT
_+<Teq~. M 5 DeTT\T n<eTTK+>qT, H\T>T DeTT\T }s
eTTK+>qT q$. n<eTTKeTTq 5 DeTT\T X, }seTTKeTTq 4
DeTT\T eq VeTT\T. n+<Te\qH l#eTT eXyT q ~. n+<T
` l#+ ejs|' n n_e]+|&q~ yeTXs +eTT. =$T~
DeTT\T e\jT+ HsTT. e\j nw< |<eTT, nw<
|< #T{ c&X< |< eTTqT HsTT. c&X< |< eTT #TTqT e jT eTT
\<T. e jT eTT #TTqT 4 <s\ $\d s UjT eTTq~. yTTe TTMT<
l#eTTq _+<Te 43 D\T q$. ~ l#ds|eTT.
l#eT+ 9 #eTT\T> q~. n$ ` 1) sUjTeTT `
yVq#eTT 2) c&X<|<eTT ` dsX|]|Ps#eTT 3) nw<|<eTT
` ds d+uD #eTT 4) eTqdeTT ` ds ku><jT #eTT 5) VsX seTT
` dssk<#eTT 6) n+sXseTT ` dsss#eTT 7) edTDeTT `
dss>Vs#eTT 8) DeTT ` dsd~|<#eTT 9) _+<Te `
dsq+<eTjT#eTT.
=$T~ #eTT\ ` | #eTTqT #k$T,
j, eT]=+eT+~ esD <e\T HsT. $eseTT\ l<M K&Ze
181 He\ eT|< $e]+|&HsTT. $es\T \TdT=
|P #d d*\T o|T+> \_ksTT. qT l#dsb $e]+#<
K&Ze\!
l#+|q |P u|s+ qT+ _+<Te esL sT>TT+~. n+f `
sUjT+ qT+ _+<Te es }seTTK+> sT>TT+~. <e\qT
|P+#|&T b<\e<qT+ sdT esL |P+#+ eTq d+|<jT+!
eTq bNq MXsT\T $wj <w |T=H, <e\qT e]+#|&T
b<\ <>ZsqT+ sdTesL e]+# d+|<jT+ b{+#sT.
1) |<eesDyTq sUjTeTTqT 28 eT+~ |]ys <e\THsT.
sUjT+ |<eTe\jTeTTq ... nDeT ` \|TeT ` eTVeT ` X `
e ` beT ` uT ` # ` b| ` dseTd<T\T nH 10 s\
d<T\THsT. ~rjTe\jTTq ` uV ` eVX] ` e] ` yw$ `
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C
ysV ` eV+~ ` #eTT+& ` eTV\ ` nH m$T~eT+~ nwe
\THsT. rjTe\jTeTTq ` dsd+_D ` ds$<$D ` ds]D `
dseX+] ` dsH~ ` dseTV+X ` dsU#] ` ds; ` dsj
` dsK+& nHysTHsT (K&Z`43...70). $<+> sUjTeTT 28
eT+~ esD <e\THsT.
esDeTTq yVq#eTT (K&`Z 71) n |sT. #{ j
|j (K&Z`72). esDeTTq #k$T |s (K&Z`159).
2) ~rjesDeTT ` c&X<|<eTT ` & 16 eT+~ esD
<e\T c&X<|<eTT HXsTT+jTTHsT. ysT`
e]D ` T<]D ` nV+s]D ` Xu]D ` ds]D
` sb]D ` sk]D ` >+<]D ` ]D ` <s]D ` d ]D
` He]D ` ;C]D ` ]D ` neT]D ` Xs]D ` nHysT
(K&Z`73...88).
esDeTTq dsX|]|Ps#eTT (K&Z`89) n |sT. &
j ` >T|j (K&Z`90). #k$T |so (K&Z`160).
3) rjesDyTq nw<|<eTTq 8 eT+~ esD <e\THsT.
ysT ` nq+>dTeT ` nq+>yTK\ ` nq+>eT<q ` nq+>eT<HTs `
nq+>s K ` nq+>y ` nq+>+X ` nq+>e* ` nHysT (K&`Z 91..98).
esDeTTq ds d+uD #eTT (K&`Z 99) n |sT. # j
` >T|s j (K&Z`100). #k$T |sdT+<] (K&Z`161).
4) #T sesDyTq eTqdeTTq, 14 DeTT\ 14 eT+~ <e\THsT.
ysT ` dsd+_D ` ds$<$D ` ds]D ` dsV~ ` dsdyV
` dsd+_ ` ds+_D ` dseX+] ` dss+ ` dsH~ `
dssk~ ` dsd+||PsD ` dseT+eTsTT ` ds<+<jT+] `
nHysT (K&Z`101...114).
esDeTTq dsku><jT#eTT (K&Z`115) n |sT. #{
j ` d+|<jTj (K&Z`116). #k$T ` |syd (K&Z`162).
5) |+#eesDyTq VsXseTTqqTq 10 DeTT\+<TqT 10 eT+~
<e\THsT. ysT ` dsd~|< ` dsd+|< ` ds|jT+] ` dseT+>
]D ` dseT|< ` ds<T'K$y# ` dseTT|XeT ` ds$|T
y]D ` ds+>dT+<] ` dsku><sTT (K&Z`117...126).
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qe+sY, 2014
esDeTTq dssk < # eTT (K&`Z 127) n |sT. #{ j
` rsj (K&Z`128). #k$T ` |so (K&Z`163).
6) wcesDyTq n+sXseTTqqTq 10 DeTT\+<TqT 10 eT+~
<e\THsT. ysT ` ds ` dsXeTsTT ` dsXs|< ` dsCqeTsTT `
dsy~$H ` ds<sds| ` dsb|Vs ` dsq+<eTsTT ` dss
ds|D ` ds||\|< ` nHysT ` (K&Z`129...138).
esDeTTq dsss#eTT (K&Z`139) n |sT. # j
` >sj (K&Z`140). #k$T ` |se* (K&Z`164).
7) d|eesDyTq edTDeTTq 8 eT+~ <e\THsT. ysT ` e
` yTX] ` y~ ` $eT\ ` nsTD ` sTT ` dsX] ` [ ` nHysT
(K&Z`141...148).
Ms l \* dVdHeT ksq eH~ y>e\T.
esDeTTq dss>Vs#eTT (K&Z`149) n |sT. # j
sVdj (K&Z`150). #k$T ` |sd< (K&Z`165).
8) nweesDyTq DeTTq eTT>TZsT <e\THsT. ysT ` eTV
yTX] ` eTVeCX] ` eTVu>e* ` nHysT (K&Z`151...153).
esDeTTq ds d~ |<# eTT (K&`Z 154) n |sT. # j
` nsVdj (K&Z`155). #k$T ` |s+ (K&Z`166).
9) qeeesDyTq _+<TkqeTTq lleTVu{] (K&Z`156) q~.
esDeTTq dsq+<eTjT#eTT (K&Z`157) n |sT. #{ j `
|s|ssVdj (K&Z`158). #k$T ` eTV|sdT+<] (K&Z`167).
$<+> K&Ze\ 43 qT+& 158 esL q He\T,
l#eTT 9 #\q n~ed+jTTq esD <e\ |sT.
sT y 159 qT+& 167 esL q 9 HeTeTT\T ` qe#eTT\
n~cTq #k$TqT\ |sT. n$ ` |s ` |s ` |sdT+<] `
|syd ` |so ` |se* ` |sd< ` |s+ ` eTV|s
dT+<] ` nHysT (K&Z`159...167).
sT y 168 qT+& 176 esL q 9 He\T leTV|sdT +<]
>\ 9 $XwDeTT\ udssjT\ >TsTyK #|&q~. y
#k$TqT\ _sT<HeTeTT\qe#TqT. n$ `

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C
eTVeTVX] ` eTVeTVsv ` eTVeTVX ` eTVeTV>Tb `
eTVeTVb ` eTVeTVq+< ` eTVeTVd+< ` eTVeTVXj ` eTVeTV
l#q>skeJ ` nH$ (K&Z`168...176).
$<+> l<M K&Ze\ 43 qT+& 176 esL >\ He\
qyesDeTT\T, esD <e\T, #k$TqT\T, y] _sT<HeTeTT\T n_e]+|
&HsTT. qT l#~cq <ejTq leqT |P+#|&T l# |]ys
<e\ kH\qT L& \TdT= |Pd d*+ o|T+> \_dT+~.
` <M K&Ze\ 1 qT+& 42 esL q He\qT >]
\TdT=+<eTT. yTTyTT<{ HeTeTT |sdT+<] (K&Z`1) nq~ neTy]
d+u<q! sTy 2 qT+& 7 esL >\ He\T w&+> <e\$. ysT `
V<jT<$ ` s<$ ` U<$ ` e#<$ ` H<$ ` ng<$ ` nHysT
(K&Z`2...7).
l \* dV dHee[ 386e HeTeTT w&+ ><e jTT nq~.
n+ n< esD|PCs+ w&+> deTsjTY n +ks+ l
dT+<|PCeT+ #|&+~. nB ` l$<bdq n+>esD #d,
esD <eq w&+><e\qT n]+, sTy |]ys <e\qT n]+|
eq CHse eTT #| &q~. n+<Te\qH <M K&eZ \ bs+ue TTq w&+ >
<e\T n_e]+|&HsT.
8 qT+N 23 esL q 15 HeTeTT\T <e\$. ysT ` yTX]
` u>e* ` q ` usT+& ` eVyd ` eTVeCX] ` e< `
] ` \dT+<] ` ` \| ` $jT ` dseT+>\ ` Ce*
` ` nHysT (K&Z`8...23).
15 eT+~ l<$ n+><e\ +seTT #|&+~. 16e
kT |syTX]jT! n+<Te\qH ` c&sb n \*
dVdHee[ 391 HeTeTT #TTq~. |syTX] XseTT ` 15 eT+~
<e\T yT n+>eTT\T. <e\T eT< DeTTHXsTT+,
eTVjTq |syTX] e]+jTTHsT.
$T*q 24 qT+& 42 esL q 19 HeTeTT\T ` >TsTeT+&\
d++~. ysT ` |syTXs |syTX] ` $TXeTsTT ` wwXeTsTT ` &XeTsTT
` #sH<eTsTT ` beTT<eTsTT ` n>deTsTT ` |qeTsTT `
<s#seTsTT ` eTToXseTsTT ` B|H<eTsTT ` $w<eeTsTT ` |us
<eeTsTT ` C<eeTsTT ` eTH<eeTsTT ` D<eeTsTT ` ydT<eeTsTT

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` s<eeTsTT ` lseq+<eTsTT ` nHysT (K&Z`24...42). l \*
dVdHee[ 713e HeTeTT >TsTeT+&\s|D n. >TsTeT+&\eTq>
>TsT|s+ |s. MsT |sy T X]jTT ks s|eTT\T. MsT ~e ` d< ` eH|T eTT
\ 3 $<eTT\T.
1. |syTXs|syTX] qT+& n>deTsTT es >\ @&T>TsT ~y|TeTT.
2. |qeTsTT qT+& B|H<eTsTT es >\ q\T>TsT d<|TeTT.
3. $w<eeTsTT qT+& lseq+<eTsTT es>\ m$T~ eT+~ eqy|TeTT.
Ms+<s \j+> <e\ L& #|&TsT.
eH~ y>e\T $s+q l \* dVdHee[ y<eTT<
ydqysT Ms! >TsTeT+&\|P D|]u>eTTq >\ #TsdeTTq
sT|&TT+~. (uD, #|, b, n+), eTVldT+<] ` 5.
$<+> ` esD <e\qT |P+#{ eTT+<T w&+> <e\qT,
<e\qT, >TsTeT+&\eTTqT |P+#eq <MK&eZ \ d+ +|&+~.
K&eZ \ Hee eTeTTqT{ j <e\ kH\qT >T]+
l#|P #j*. n|&~ dsd~|<eTeT+~. 176 G 5 R 181
$<+> ` l eTV|sdT+<<$ |]yseT+ l#
XsTT+ HsT. Ms+<]|q _+<TkqeTTq l<$ n~ed+ q~. qT
n k\ eTT+<T K&Ze\ #d esDsq #dq |*+ \_dT+~.
.... (dXw+)

<ds
d+<seTT>
y&se
XeTeTT
neTy]
n\+seTT
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101

eDeTT
eTV$l*<d$s

esdeTeeTVeyT

ne]:- uDd+|s+ bb e X|< dssdc #qUe uX u # d+|seTT| u

qyq B$~kjTq
sD uHsVQekH
d+<TeDe XXvsU
8
|<$u>eTT :- u, #, deTsyT, |, u, qyq, B$~kjTq,
sD, uH', VQekH, d+<TeD, e, XXvsU
nqjTeTT :- (+) # u qyq B$~kjT q deTsyT | VQekH
uH' sD dqTeD XXvsU e u
||<seTT :- ()x R +, (# # nqTq~ x nqTqseTTq
y&&q~.), u R bsr<$, qyq R =<>T, B$~kjTq R
$yVB$~|seTT |T=q uDeTT{, deTsyT R \sTTqT, |
R b+~, VQekH R VQ|+eTTq+<T (nq> X| bs+ueTTq),
uH' R dsTjTT, s D R sD eTT#, dqT eD R y*+|&q, XXvsU
G e R #+<sKe, u R ud+#qT.
seTT :- +, bsr<$ - =<>T $yVB$~ |seTT |T=q
uDeTT{ \sTTqT b+~, VQ |+eTTq nq> X|s+ueTTq
dssDeTT# y*+|&q #+<sKe ud+#qT.
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bsqs\T :- 1. qyq - $yV... qye, 2. ...sU - ...U.
$u\T - jT\T :- 1. u - u, u, u' sq' d*+> uX',
|.@. 2. qyq - qyq, qyuyT, qy' nsq' |+*+> qeX' .@. 3.
B$~kjTq - ...kjTq, ...kjTuyT, ...kjT' nsq'
|+*+>...kjTX' .@.4. deTsyT - deTsyT, d+|s, d+|sH
nsq' |+*+>' deTsX', ~.@. 5. | - nejTeTT (\qeTT) 6.
VQekH - ...nekH, ...nekqj' ...nekHw nsq q|+d*+>
... nekqX' d.@. 7. uH' - uH', uH', uqHyT sq' |+*+>
uqTX' w.@. 8. sD - sD, suyT, s' nsq' |+*+>' sX',
.@. 9. d+<TeD - ...eD, ...eD, ...eD' sq' d*+>'
...eDX' |.@. 10. XXvsU - ...sU, ...sU, ...sU' sq' d*+>'
sUX' |.@. 11. #, e - nej\T. 12. u - jT.
d+<T\T :- 1. uH' G VQekH - uHsVQekH - $dsZd'
2. d+<TeD G e - d+<TeDe - >TDd' - <TZD'
dek\T / $>Vy\T :1. B$~kjTq - Bj+ $~', B$~', dH kjT'
B$~kjT', q B$~kjTq d|MTTsTw ded'
2. VQekH - VQd nekq+ VQekq+, dH
VQekH wwTsTwded'
3. d+<TeD - d+<T d+<TeD, deTT|dsZ|Ps<
<T d|qXqj' <' sD jT, <HY Xq#Y
4. XXvsU - XX' nv' jTd d XXv' d sU XXvsU wwTsTwded'
|<e - |T+T|eD\T - e|j>\T :1. u :- m) sq' d*+> uX'
_)
u kY c&Xu <T|] sTD $+Xr je<s+ b&
kY |+# |+#X<e~ |s e<+ j H
d) X CH |k Ms+ k u |ser yT $~yT
n\eTd V<jT+ <| H<+ essTTTyT
- n_CqXq 3-2
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103

C
&) X jT+ u e+ |qes$Tes<|u#s+ #' | eT_|eTqj
> yV-k+ dsdTeTuDessC XH <| q es $seT - usV]dTuw - 63
) An infant, a child; it usually means the young child, under five

years old, but is equally applicable till sixteen years of age - Sabda
- Sagara

m|t) X\yqV+ u j+d+ ud yT

sy ewd+ ewdq' XXd yT - s|TTe+X - 12 -34
n\+s\T :- |e\+s eTTq< #|<>TqT.
\DyT :- |eH|yTjTj k<s
u<u<T\ |e - n\+sdsdyT (sTjT)
| e H| y T j T eTT\ k< s eTT u < u < T \eTT> qTq#
qT|e\+seT>TqT.
|yT jTeTT - u, bsr<$. |eqeTT - XXvsU, k<s eTT- ud+#T.
dssDd+|seTT# #+<sK ud+qT qquDd+|seTT# u<$
ud+#qT n e]+|&T# |e\+seTTq< #|&q~.
j<seTT :- u - u - Bb $k<' dss] u *{
|sd|< |<eT|sTwe#H+'
u - uT' - uT'
X d s+ >TsTD <+ ||<~+ u
~H+ V+ d$e VQXq' - s|TTe+X - 4-1
.... (dXw+)
>+<ds+ : 1. u|PJ seTeT++

2. <D~ ub]C\T
3. dT+<s+&eTT ` qeseT+eTT
e\dqysT d+|~+#>\sT ` bH : 8885653924

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nqTuy\ yT*$T eTT~$T

` #s >H j>|
u er<$, ANU, Nagarjuna Nagar.
u\+, es+, jTeq+, q&ejTdT\ sTy @ ny+seT
d+u$+#b |y] e<|+ edT+~. qT e<b nqs+>
u$+#L &<T . nHs>+, <]<+ e+{ u<\ Tq|&T e<| + nVjT+>
+T+~. yTT<{ qT+N C>| & s +&T n|XT\T+N | +#Te#T.
J$+ e# nH eT\T|\, deTd\, dy qT+& mH bs\T
HsT+{+. J$ $T+q |d+ <T. &jT J$+ >&|q e\
mH nqTuy\T+&&+, m+<s e\ |]#j\T+&+ n+ dV+.
Cq+ |]| #+~q ejTdT MT]q y] nqTuy\T jTTes |j>
|& y] eTq+ q&|+#*.

n<$<+ > ys yT+esL T+u, <s deC m+>

|j>|&>\e nH $y#q @ D+q L&<T. ejTdT @+
#jT >\+ nqTH <H @< { #j \qTH d+\+ >=|~. eTqdT+&
esZeTT+& b<T. nV]X\ u<\ sTe deTeTe <X
|> ]seT+> X$T+# H{ eTq HjT #\ es e<T . <VsD
eTq sh|, |<. nseTsyTq jTXdTqT d+b~+, kV \
m+ de #dTq |ueTsT\T #\ eT+~ e<T HsT.

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C
e #b\+f usrjT d+d V <seTsTq
eTVjTT+<s u> ejTdT |+&qys eTq eTT+<T yT<TsT.
n+f @ s+>+HH $w k~+#\+f ejTdT n&+ s<T. |>
$jTk<q ej |]| <V<+ #dT+~. e\+ $w k~+#\H<
<T. eT< @< d+<s+> e }sT yqT. n& nsy &u d+es\
ejTdT q yT |\* Lsu{ eT+ eT+ |<\T eysTT+#T+~.
n~ d <T. |d\ e. <jT+, kjT+\+ m|&T r] <=]
n|&T |+q |\\+<] n eT+ |<\T +sd+ #sTT+#T+&&yT
yT + |syTq $wjTeT $q|&T HqT ysujqT.
n> H *dq eTs=jTq |sp @&$T~ >+\T
Ls= |d\T #<TeH +{&T. &u H\T>T d+es\ ejTdT q
jTq keq+> e{&&T. e{& e+ #{ d#q, dw
eTqT+{sTT. m+{ <qJy qdT+~.
<> |\ deTeTe+& e<Tsq *#d de
+ n+ <T. \ysTCeTT qT+& s |&TujT esL |\\L, y]
|\\L e+& ys&+, n d<Tbj\ deTLs&+ m+<s e<Tq
eeTsT\ T #dT q |H. nq+yT q | (dH |t | | yT +{) > m+{
qque+ >, y{# #dT H yT nH #q > <] sjT <q Je\T
ysT. s\ n+s+ @s& d+|TsD >eT+#*q neds+ m+H
+~. |\\T jTTe >VdTq|&T T++ n~s e]&
sT>T+T+~. d+s\T> q *<+&T\T k]> |\\ d+sD
y[q{T+~. $<yTq n~s e]& ||+#+ n#{ d+T+~.
|<y eqd |]| |+ q|&T, jTTes+ dsq ]Cq+
|+q|&T d+|TsD bs+ueTT+~.
dqT, f\J\ n_e~ L& Jeq $<H* s+#T+~.
=|&T u<* $d]+# n~s+ jTTes+ k+~. eT&
T++ |e_eH\T, sD, |<\ jT&\ u||T\T, >sy<s\T,
eTqq yT\yT\> n+]+ bTHsTT. eT& T++ |\\+<] sD
m+ d+<& L& \_+#~. ]fssTTbsTTq |<\qT L& esZ<s+>
u$+ n $wjq d+|~+ d\V\T rd=++& ysT. ET
H]dbsTTq =&T L& +&y| d\Vd+ #dy&T. |\\ * nsTTq
&\T L& n>] n <\ e<* yd~.

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eT& T+$ nH deTd* rdTe+~. *<+&T*<s
<>dT q T++ |\\ eT *<+&T\qTu$ +q sD sT yTq~.
y eTTd*y H y |<~> > es qT>TD+>
+& eTTd* &=\T> #&&TTHsT.
VAyT |sY @C nH$ <T J$ keqyT bjsTT. m&H
H e<T\TH y] $X+ <T d]< deTyTbjT u<\T
d+$TdTHsTT. |> eT |\\ qT+, y] |\\ qT+ L& d&+|\T.
{.M.\, n&ss TTEyT+T\ |\\ qT d+|<j\ eT d+d <s+>
HfdTHsTT. eTs $wjT+ ` <Hsq \d bX<X\ e\dbsTT
n& d{\sTTbsTTq ysT *<+&T\qT n& rdS+{sT. |<\&
qj
T sY b$Tdt @$<+ >q eT&s T . sXdV ] se&+,
J$ u>k$T <Ts<weX <syT J$+ eT]+ qsbjT+
ne+~. sqT sq s+ *<+&T\T e<|+ +]>H
J$+#*q neds+ @s&T+~. |\\T ||+#+ m& +{sT. M&
yq sT. y[H +&sT.
eT& T++ $qyT bsTTqTe+{ sE * u<\T
#\ |]>sTT. m+ [+| yT deTse++> sV+#T+ ed+~
L&. <>+ #d +b<q us #<&T y<&T> +&yT +&,
e+{+{ ke nH eTT<qT+& +{+L ssVD~] >
eeV]+#e\d ek+~. eTTK+> |\\ #<Te\, y u$wT, y
n_sT#T\ | n+yTq n+ue+ +&+ m+ V]+#<qTe+{
$wjT+. =&TL, LTs, L& *H eT+ Hd+> #dT=+THsT.
s s \T> edTq |sTc~ de+ d q bqT n<T+ >
sVd +{, |\ r]~<T ds+ H nsTT + |]> $|T\
H<Ts=H <se+T\T> |\* r]~<T+{+~. deTjT+ yT
|<y n+&<+&\T +& +f yT |& XeT, +<T\T, eqd &
#\es ZbsTT. n|&yT sTT+{ eT]+ dsZ<eT+ >
r]~<T>\<T.
e<T\ u<\T n+{s ` @<H d U |<X+ +f n+<T
+{, eTqdTL V<# eT+ |P\ yTT\T |+#&+ |<y #
>=| y|+ . ny Ls\ b<T keqT\ Ls>jT\ s T #T\q+f
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107

C
sE #\ |]ksTT. nd\T n+{H y|+ eTTK+. n~
b eT yT deTd> e], sT\ L& deTd nsTT LsT+{sT.
|< |<] + |sT bq&+, d{b{ e\T, qqT |{+ #T<
@&T|\T, dsTT+|\ \T qseTT+~.
|\\ T L& |<y # #sTT+#Te&yT +& yqT <s+ >
|eT> #d y J$+ |q X, eTqTw\|q $Xd+ b+& +T+~.
|D sT J$+ >&|&+ |<\ deTd. <jH *
T be&+ ` e d |{ +&* |\\T. qq *<+&T\
TTD+ m|{ rsT~. nqTs>+, bjT\T #|+#& &s<T.
d zs, Hs +f #\T.
Xs >T $X+ dH e<T\T eTT T+u m+>
|j >|& > \ e nH~ +#Ty*. eTTK+> q|\\ eT+ n\yT
Hs&+, d+kse+T\T> yqT r]~<&+, y] |bT\T HsTH
iTqe +#&+ n+{ $T+ |\\ $Xk |+b+~+#&+
M] u<. |<y z|, dTe q+esL sT\| <s|&+&
+&&+ e\ ] useTjyT nH u\q+, <q+ <]<|\ se.
dsyT V +| eqds> b&TT+~. <s
Xss>+ |+b+<TT+~.
jTTes+ #q\qT, d<+\qT |P]> ={yjT&+ +& `
y{ $\Tee&+ |<\T n\es#Ty*. eT e #\< u< *Zq|&T
eT H&T jTTe\yT nq $wjT +, H&T eT qq, esTq
n_\w+ |<\ m<TsT ] \& >*q sE\ >TsT #Ty*.
|P]> eT n_bj\qT |q\| sT<&+, y] J$ s+s+ nqeds|
C+ #d= $dT>T |+#&+ eH*.
Xs, eqds>\qT |]s+ #T=+ Xy T s |<\ T eT wy T q
s+>+ w #jT>\>&+, eT+ y|\qT @ss#Te&+, d+|Tde
#jT>\>&+, sTy s d]# w =qk+#&+ ` +> $<
d+ks<T qksTT qys eT s#q\ <sH, |d+>\ <sH
eT nqTuy\ yT*$T C&d d+| q |<+ y| |jT+|Cd
d] *+|e#T. n|&T *> qH+ ys+ Xs | eTqdT

He+ <T qT y] u~+|<T.

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eT+<<
]
` eT~ VqTeT+se, V<su<T.
q q, q s|D, q <Dq, yT~
eTj~ y T y, + T yVq T<d
ds< dsuH+ Hd eTTs\D'
e e<jT+ eTT' yT~\D'
d $TC eTT' j <s<TbV'
seDT&T #b>H, n n+'|s d\+ e, n s+ MT<
|& sT eTTsT> $\|+#sT. n ||sD eT+<<] <T'K+ eT
V<jT$<s+. seDT& d<TZD\q, <TsTZD\q s+&+{ \#T=,
\#T= eT+<<] $\|+# d+<s+ | e\T L& #|+~. (y
sejTD+, 6`114`28, 19) nqjTeT, seT dsyT.
\+# >, s|+# >, deTs (j>) # >, $T~
se] H+f n~s\ <T, H deqeTsTTqB <T. qTe e+
yV+ e\ n~ \TdTbje. m|&, @ bD eTTe nsD+>
s<T. #e yT~ sD+>H e+~. d sD+> *q eTTe,
# VQ<s+ djT+> rdTs&<.
<T'K+ eT+<<] + # nq~. eTqTweT&sTTq seTT&
# z&bje d>TZ \><, n+~. nd seTT&T |se n+~.
X+K # ><<]jTq l \HsjTDT& n+~. Xs, |]ys,
Xs HXq+ #dT=H+<T <TsT~ |{+~, n+~.
XuY Xueb, b|Y b|eTX
$;wD' dTK+ b|' + b|' b|MT<XyT
eT+y& Xu+ \T>TT+~. b| b||\ + $T>T\TT+~. $;wD T&T
dTU b+<&T. qTM b|> b+<e, n+~.
qTe bsTTq s, sTT+ J$+# HqT HqT bcDV<jTqT,
n+~.
eT+<<] $|+ y dTesT qsT X\T> s+#&T. Bb{<
sTDsdb$eTsTTq e+!

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109

eT*\T

` k$T nsTq+<

+ d+\ #sy~ >T]+ <

Ww<e TT\qT >T]+ \TdT+THeTT. # sy~
jT+D +& bsTTq y] XseTT
| nejTeeTT u~+| >T] neT+~. n$`
1. d++~+q deTd\T 2. XseTT|
|+&T |& s> >Z be+ 3. <+|
J$eTT| nHd 4. yT<&T u~+|q >T] nsTT,
_.|. |] |y+ se+ 5. +{ d++~ y<T\T 6. V<jT d++~
y<T\T 7. & d++~ y<T\T 8. > yTTq H=|\T 9. | H=|\T.
# d+eseTT\T> #s y~ u<|&TTq y] me
u~+| >T] nesTT. qs\T #&beqT. s|dsD d]>
$TsT, H=|, dTsT dTsTeT d~ >TqT +&+ ` T
ned\T |&e\d +T+~. M{ d]nsTTq #jT |+ sD\T
@s& n$ >Z+& +~ |&sTT. me> u>\ $ eksTT.
{ |]|s, ydT\sY &dC e b<y, y, rdyj* edT+~.
=+ eT+~ n] |wsY bsTT+{ @s& \T >{|& |+&T @s&TqT.
MqT V`]dt |{ qys |\TksT. M | >T y<+ #sTT+#T
|+ u>+ rdyjTe\d edT+~. sE +|PsY dVjTeTT |{
kH, dHdt fdt esY dVjTeTT *> #dTHsT.
b<\qT b&Te{ +~ C>\T b{+#*. 1. n~ y&
>, n~ #\<q+ q# b<\T |s<T 2. |P]> H k, H
\T y&+ eT+~ 3. u>+ <\T >\+&, u\T s+&
C>> +&*. * y eT< eTTK+> C> rdTy* 4. +{ L&
e{ q&e+& k ydTe+ eT+~ 5. #s+ s+>T
esT @s&H, d~ >TqT> n|+H y< T \ d\V rdTe+ eT+~.
@s& = esT\qT eTq+ >eT+#e#T.
1. |, b<\| #s+ s+>T es+ 2. #s+ b&us+ 3.
b<\ |>T 4. n] #s+ }&be+ 5. n] #s+ >{|&+
6. q\T se+ 7. | u\T se+ 8. | |+&T @s&+

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s |j>\T : y| qHqT dT\T, c+|P\T, uyT\T, eTT\T, Y
|dt e+{ nH n\+sD keT, e>s j\ y&sT.

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us<X+, |, eT< b# <X\ Xu\T> y| =eT\qT
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80% eT+~ >MTDT\ Jeq+ <jT+ y||\ qeT\&+H yTT<T+~.
|D b+\ L& y| jsq Y|dtqT w|&sT. |+{ b,
>T y|qT Z+#+ y| #\ |uee++> |#dT+~.
k+|<jT usrjT y<+ |j>+ bT y| m&sDqT
y]+#+qT, u>TZ|\TdT yjTTe (sH`&`&)qT yesD+ qT+&
>V+#+ L& eTTKyTq~.
y| >TsTqT = |yTq Vs|<s\ j y&sT.
\T>T, q&, $T b+\ >~ |#& y||P y&sT.
s @&~ b&T>TH y| |P Ls #ksT. |P \_+# sE\
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+& #\ +<q> B $jksT.
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>yT ns_ e+{ >TsT\ |ejT+H Vs|<s d+*|]#
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@sT#dqf, yd$ *> | <Twuy V]+#+<T >T&|s (>~)
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