Owc Wave Energy Topics

Sample records for owc wave energy
1. A twin unidirectional impulse turbine topology for OWC based wave energy plants (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?
query_id=1&page=0&osti_id=21130908)
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Jayashankar, V.; Anand, S.; Geetha, T.; Jagadeesh Kumar, V. [Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Madras (India); Santhakumar, S.
[Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Madras (India); Ravindran, M. [Advisor RUTAG, IIT Madras (India); Setoguchi, T. [Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Saga University (Japan); Takao, M. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Matsue National College (Japan); Toyota,
K.; Nagata, S. [IOES, Saga University (Japan)
2009-03-15
Experimental results from near shore bottom standing OWC based wave energy plants in Japan and India have now been available for about a
decade. Historically the weakest link in the conversion efficiency of OWC based wave energy plants built so far has been the bidirectional turbine.
This is possibly because a single turbine has been required to deliver power when the plant is exposed to random incident wave excitation
varying by a factor of 10. A new topology that uses twin unidirectional turbines (which features a high efficiency spanning a broad range) is
proposed. Using the Indian Wave Energy plant as a case study, it is shown that the power output from such a module considerably exceeds
existing optimal configurations including those based on a fixed guide vane impulse turbine, linked guide vane impulse turbine or a Well's turbine.
A wave to wire efficiency of the order of 50% over the incident range is shown to be feasible in a credible manner by showing the output at all
stages of the conversion process. A frequency domain technique is used to compute the OWC efficiency and a time domain approach used for
the power module with the turbine pressure being the pivotal variable. (author)
2. Self Adaptive Air Turbine for Wave Energy Conversion Using Shutter Valve and OWC Heoght Control System
(https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/1155131/)
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Di Bella, Francis A
2014-09-29
An oscillating water column (OWC) is one of the most technically viable options for converting wave energy into useful electric power. The OWC
system uses the wave energy to push or pull air through a high-speed turbine, as illustrated in Figure 1. The turbine is typically a bidirectional turbine, such as a Wells turbine or an advanced Dennis-Auld turbine, as developed by Oceanlinx Ltd. (Oceanlinx), a major developer
of OWC systems and a major collaborator with Concepts NREC (CN) in Phase II of this STTR effort. Prior to awarding the STTR to CN, work was
underway by CN and Oceanlinx to produce a mechanical linkage mechanism that can be cost-effectively manufactured, and can articulate
turbine blades to improve wave energy capture. The articulation is controlled by monitoring the chamber pressure. Funding has been made
available from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to CN (DOE DE-FG-08GO18171) to co-share the development of a blade articulation
mechanism for the purpose of increasing energy recovery. However, articulating the blades is only one of the many effective design
improvements that can be made to the composite subsystems that constitute the turbine generator system.
3. The Inter Facility Testing of a Standard Oscillating Water Column (OWC) Type Wave Energy Converter (WEC)
(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/232438679/The_Inter_Facility_Testing_of_a_Standard_Oscillating_Water_Column.pdf)
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Andersen, Morten Thtt; Thomsen, Jonas Bjerg
This report describes the behavior and preliminary performance of a simplified standard oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converter
(WEC). The same tests will be conducted at different scales at 6 different test facilities and the results obtained will be used for comparison. This
project...... will be refereed to as The Round Robin Programme. The rationale for the work is based on the MaRINET proposal: A key aspect of
the standardisation of device testing is that results from independent trials will be compatible between different test centres. Even when similar
procedures are followed this may...... not be guaranteed. A specially selected test programme will, therefore, be implemented at certain
MaRINET facilities to investigate this matter. Due to budget restrictions only laboratory scale centres can be considered but the open water
operators will be consulted continuously during the formalisation...
4. Design Analysis of Power Extracting Unit of an Onshore OWC Based Wave Energy Power Plant using Numerical Simulation
(http://publications.muet.edu.pk/research_papers/pdf/pdf124.pdf)
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Zahid Suleman
2011-07-01
Full Text Available This research paper describes design and analysis of power extracting unit of an onshore OWC (Oscillating Water Column
based wave energy power plant of capacity about 100 kilowatts. The OWC is modeled as solid piston of a reciprocating pump. The power
extracting unit is designed analytically by using the theory of reciprocating pumps and principles of fluid mechanics. Pro-E and ANSYS
workbench softwares are used to verify the analytical design. The analytical results of the flow velocity in the turbine duct are compared with the
simulation results. The results are found to be in good agreement with each other. The results achieved by this research would finally assist in
the overall design of the power plant which is the ultimate goal of this research work.
5. Statistical Analysis of Power Production from OWC Type Wave Energy Converters (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186066632)
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Martinelli, L.; Zanuttigh, B.; Kofoed, Jens Peter

2009-01-01
Oscillating Water Column based wave energy plants built so far have experienced a low efficiency in the conversion of the bidirectional oscillating
flow. A new concept is considered here, the LeanCon Wave Energy Converter (WEC), that unifies the flow direction by use of non-return valves,
into a...
6. Comparison of the Experimental and Numerical Results of Modelling a 32-Oscillating Water Column (OWC, V-Shaped Floating Wave Energy
Converter (http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/6/8/4045)
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John V. Ringwood
2013-08-01
Full Text Available Combining offshore wind and wave energy converting apparatuses presents a number of potentially advantageous synergies.
To facilitate the development of a proposed floating platform combining these two technologies, proof of concept scale model testing on the wave
energy converting component of this platform has been conducted. The wave energy component is based on the well-established concept of the
oscillating water column. A numerical model of this component has been developed in the frequency domain, and the work presented here
concerns the results of this modelling and testing. The results of both are compared to assess the validity and usefulness of the numerical model.
7. Incident Wave Climate at the OWC Pico Plant (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186041844)

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Le Crom, I.; Cabrera Bermejo, H.; Pecher, Arthur;

2011-01-01
The aim of the study is to retrieve the incident wave information that coincides with former Pico plant operation periods. The recent
implementation of a directional pressure sensor for wave measurement as well as the recovery of the data gathered by a directional wave rider
buoy allowed embarking...
8. Development and Demonstration of an OWC Power System (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/1134548/)

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DiBella, Francis
2014-03-19
The objectives of this Department of Energy (DOE) effort were to finalize the engineering design of a turbine and diffuser assembly, complete the
scaled mechanical testing of the new blade articulation control mechanism and other critical components, to finalize the detailed design of a
nominal 350 kWe turbine that will be used in an Oscillating Water Column (OWC), Wave Energy Converter System (WEC), and to assist
Oceanlinx Limited in the installation and ocean water testing of the complete system.
9. MARINET experiment KNSWING testing an I-Beam OWC attenuator (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2280920540)

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Nielsen, Kim; Bingham, Harry B.

2015-01-01
- a ship shaped wave energy converter facing the waves with its bow - can absorb along its sides in a range of regular and irregular wave
conditions.The experiments were carried out in model scale 1:50 resembling the wave conditions and water depth of the Danish part of the North
Sea and a 150. m long...... wave energy converter with 20 Oscillating Water Column (OWC) chambers on each side. The damping applied to
each chamber by the Power Take Off (PTO) is modeled by forcing the air through a hole with an area of about 1.3% of the chamber water
surface area.The results in irregular wave conditions shows...... wave energy converter demonstrated its seaworthiness and ability to absorb
wave energy. The results form a valuable base for the development of a numerical model of the system that will be used for further optimization
and development....
10. Performance Assessment of the Pico OWC Power Plant Following the Equimar Methodology
(http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186035635)
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Pecher, Arthur; Crom, I. Le; Kofoed, Jens Peter;

2011-01-01
This paper presents the power performance of the Oscillating Water Column (OWC) wave energy converter installed on the Island of Pico. The
performance assessment of the device is based on real performance data gathered over the last years during normal operation. In addition to the
estimation and...... assessment of the wave energy converting capabilities, an investigation has also been made on the transmission of the wave
power through the conversion chain....
11. Performance improvement of OWC systems by parametric resonance[Oscillating Water Column (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?
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Olvera, A. [UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones en Matematicas Aplicadas y Sistemas (Mexico); Czitrom, S.P.R. [UNAM, Instituto de Ciencias del
Mar y Limnologia (Mexico)
2001-07-01
Peak performance of most OWC systems occurs at resonance with the driving waves. At resonance, oscillations increase linearly in time until
damping inhibits further growth. In parametric resonance, oscillations increase exponentially in time, possibly allowing for increasing the
performance of OWC systems. This type of resonance occurs when one of the parameters in an oscillator varies periodically. Some ideas are
presented to improve the performance of OWC systems using this phenomenon. (au)
12. Linearized potential flow analysis of a 40 chamber, oscillating water column wave energy device
(http://orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/119986039/Linearized_potential_flow_analysis_of_a_40_chamber_oscillating_water_column_wave_energy_device.pdf)
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Bingham, Harry B.; Read, Robert
This abstract presents an analysis of an attenuator-type Wave Energy Converter (WEC) with 40 Os- cillating Water Column (OWC) chambers for
the extraction of wave energy. Linearized potential flow calculations are made in the frequency-domain using WAMIT [8]. An equivalent linearized
damping...
13. Ceodouro project : overall design of an OWC in the new OPorto break water (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?
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Martins, E.; Carrilho, L. [EDP, Lisboa (Portugal); Neumann, F. [Centro de Energia das Ondas, Lisboa (Portugal); Ramos, F. Silveira [Consulmar,
Lisboa (Portugal); Justino, Paulo Alexandre [INETI/DER, Lisboa, (Portugal); Gato, L.M.C. [Dep. de Engenharia Mecanica, IST, Lisboa, (Portugal);
Trigo, L. [Kymaner, S. Domingos de Rana, (Portugal)
2005-07-01
The purpose of this work is to present and describe the design approach of the integration of an OWC wave energy plant in a caisson breakwater
to be built at the Portuguese northern coast as a promising solution towards sustainable port structures. The presentation of different case study
results by Neumann and Sarmento (2000) suggested that such a combination turns out to be a realistic alternative to the traditional coastal
protection schemes. The large Portuguese engineering consulting company Consulmar, being responsible for a number of coastal and maritime
engineering projects, has accepted the challenge of leading a project for an OWC integration in a caisson breakwater head in Northern Portugal.
After the concession of the breakwater construction in 2004, a Consortium has proceeded with preliminary works concerning the integration of an
OWC into the breakwater. The Portuguese companies Labelec (EDP group), Kymaner (mechanical components), EFACEC (electrical
components) and the Institutions IPTM (Port and Maritime Institute), LNEC (Hydraulic Laboratory), INETI (National Laboratory), IST (University)
and the WEC (Wave Energy Centre) are further contributors in the planning phase. This paper presents an overall description of the project, its
steps and present state of development.
14. Research into the further development of the LIMPET shoreline wave energy plant (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/20342058/)
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NONE
2002-07-01
This report summarises the findings of a project focussing on technical issues associated with the design of the LIMPET shoreline oscillating
water column (OWC) wave energy plant. Fifteen tasks are listed as the objectives of the project which was carried out to broaden the knowledge
of the wave environment and the construction and operation of a wave energy plant. The experience gained in LIMPET instrumentation, control
systems, and grid integration issues are discussed.
15. Investigation on the Oscillating Buoy Wave Power Device (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?dbname=zw_qk&wid=17098462)

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; ;
2002-01-01
An oscillating buoy wave power device (OD) is a device extracting wave power by an oscillating buoy. Being excitedby waves, the buoy heaves
up and down to convert wave energy into electricity by means of a mechanical or hydraulic de-vice. Compared with an Oscillating Water Column
(OWC) wave power device, the OD has the same capture width ratio as the OWC does, but much higher secondary conversion efficiency.
Moreover, the chamber of the OWC, which is the mostexpensive and difficult part to be built, is not necessary for the OD, so it is easier to
construct an OD. In this paper, a nu-merical calculation is conducted for an optimal design of the OD firstly, then a model of the device is built
and, a model testis carded out in a wave tank. The results show that the total efficiency of the OD is much higher than that of the OWC andthat
the OD is a promising wave power device.
16. Oscillating-water-column wave-energy-converter based on dielectric elastomer generator (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?

bibcode=2013SPIE.8687E..0IV&link_type=ABSTRACT)
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Vertechy, R.; Fontana, M.; Rosati Papini, G. P.; Bergamasco, M.

2013-04-01
Dielectric Elastomers (DE) have been largely studied as actuators and sensors. Fewer researches have addressed their application in the field of
energy harvesting. Their light weightiness, low cost, high corrosion resistance, and their intrinsic high-voltage and cyclical-way of operation make
DE suited for harvesting mechanical energy from sea waves. To date, the development of cost-effective Wave Energy Converters (WECs) is
hindered by inherent limitations of available material technologies. State of the art WECs are indeed based on traditional mechanical
components, hydraulic transmissions and electromagnetic generators, which are all made by stiff, bulky, heavy and costly metallic materials. As a
consequence, existing WECs result in being expensive, difficult to assemble, sensitive to corrosion and hard to maintain in the marine
environment. DE generators could be an enabling technology for overcoming the intrinsic limitations of current WEC technologies. In this context,
this paper focuses on Polymer-based Oscillating-Water-Column (Poly-OWC) type WECs, and analyzes the viability of using DE generators as
power-take-off systems. Regarding paper structure, the first sections introduce the working principle of OWC devices and discuss possible
layouts for their DE-based power-take-off system. Then, a simplified hydraulic-electro-hyperelastic model of a two-dimensional Poly-OWC is
described. Finally, preliminary simulation results are shown which provide insights on the potential capabilities of Poly-OWC.
17. Development of a Wave Energy -Responsive Self-Actuated Blade Articulation Mechanism for an OWC Turbine
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Francis A. Di Bella
2010-06-01
The Phase I SBIR effort completed the feasibility design, fabrication, and wind tunnel testing of a self-actuated blade articulation mechanism that
uses a torsion bar and a lightweight airfoil to affect the articulation of the Wells airfoil. The articulation is affected only by the air stream incident
on the airfoil. The self-actuating blade eliminates the complex and costly linkage mechanism that is now needed to perform this function on either
a variable pitch Wells-type or Dennis-Auld air turbine. Using the results reported by independent researchers, the projected improvement in the
Wells-type turbine efficiency is 20-40%, in addition to an increase in the operating air flow range by 50-100%, therefore enabling a smaller or
slower single turbine to be used.
18. Resonant Wave Energy Converters: Small-scale field experiments and first full-scale prototype (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?
orig_q=RN:47077800)
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The Resonant Wave Energy Converter 3 (REWEC3) is a device belonging to the family of Oscillating Water Columns (OWCs), that can convert
the energy of incident waves into electrical energy via turbines. In contrast to classical OWCs, it incorporates a small vertical U-shaped duct to
connect the water column to the open wave field. This article shows the results of a small-scale field experiment involving a REWEC3 designed
for working with a 2 kW turbine. Then, the next experimental activity on a REWEC3 installed in the NOEL laboratory with the collaboration of
ENEA, is presented. Finally, the first prototype of ReWEC3 under construction in Civitavecchia (Rome, Italy) is shown. The crucial features of the
construction stage are discussed and some initial performances are provided.
19. Fundamental investigations for a OWC-tidal power plant with a conventional hydraulic turbine; Basisuntersuchungen fuer ein
OWC-Wellenenergiekraftwerk mit konventioneller Hydroturbine. Abschlussbericht (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/20317181/)
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Graw, K.U.; Lengricht, J.; Schimmels, S.

2001-07-01
At the present the OWC-tidal power plant is the most forward-looking way of converting tidal energy into usable electric power. Current research
works focus on the dimensions of the structures in terms of occurring loads, the minimisation of hydraulic losses and the development of new
turbine-generator types. The development of all air-turbine systems, which have been investigated so far, is considered as problematic and the
commercialisation is likely to be a hindrance. Based on international research results an inventory tata of available hydraulic turbines is supposed
to be gathered and fundamental investigations are supposed to check, if the application of conventional hydraulic turbines are an energetic
progress in the OWC-tidal power plant. In order to considerably increase the efficiency compared to current developments, small-scale
investigations at a physical model are supposed to show if and how a hydraulic turbine can be realised in a OWC-tidal power plant and how a
concept of flow rectification as well as a flow-optimised form of inflow and outflow chambers can be achieved. (orig.) [German] Das
OWC-Wellenenergiekraftwerk ist der zur Zeit zukunftstraechtigste Typ zur Umwandlung von Wellenenergie in nutzbaren Strom. Die laufenden
Forschungsarbeiten beschaeftigen sich insbesondere mit der Dimensionierung der Strukturen hinsichtlich auftretender Belastungen, der
Minimierung der hydraulischen Verluste und der Entwicklung von neuartigen Turbinen-Generatoren-Typen. Die Entwicklung aller bisher
untersuchten Luftturbinensysteme wird jedoch als problematisch und die Kommerzialisierung hindernd angesehen. Aufbauend auf den
internationalen Forschungsergebnissen sollen eine Bestandaufnahme der verfuegbaren Hydroturbinen durchgefuehrt und mit
Baisuntersuchungen geprueft werden, ob ein Einsatz konventionaller Hydroturbinen im OWC-Wellenenergiekraftwerk eine energetische
Weiterentwicklung darstellen kann. Um den Wirkungsgrad gegenueber derzeitigen Entwicklungen
20. Analysis of Wells turbine design parameters by numerical simulation of the OWC performance (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?
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Brito-Melo, A.; Gato, L.M.C.; Sarmento, A.J.N.A. [Technical Univ. of Lisbon, Mechanical Engineering Dept., Lisbon (Portugal)
2002-09-01
This paper investigates by numerical simulation the influence of the Wells turbine aerodynamic design on the overall plant performance, as
affected by the turbine peak efficiency and the range of flow rates within which the turbine can operate efficiently. The problem of matching the
turbine to an oscillating water column (OWC) is illustrated by taking the wave climate and the OWC of the Azores power converter. The study
was performed using a time-domain mathematical model based on linear water wave theory and on model experiments in a wave tank. Results
are presented of numerical simulations considering several aerodynamic designs of the Wells turbine, with and without guide vanes, and with the
use of a bypass pressure-relief valve. (Author)
21. Numerical study of the air-flow in an oscillating water column wave energy converter (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?
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Paixao Conde, J.M. [Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon,
Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica (Portugal); IDMEC, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Technical University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa
(Portugal); Gato, L.M.C. [IDMEC, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Technical University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa (Portugal)
2008-12-15
The paper presents a numerical study of the air-flow in a typical pneumatic chamber geometry of an oscillating water column (OWC)-type wave
energy converter (WEC), equipped with two vertical-axis air turbines, asymmetrically placed on the top of the chamber. Outwards and inwards,
steady and periodic, air-flow calculations were performed to investigate the flow distribution at the turbines' inlet sections, as well as the
properties of the air-jet impinging on the water free-surface. The original design of the OWC chamber is likely to be harmful for the operation of
the turbines due to the possible air-jet-produced water-spray at the water free-surface subsequently ingested by the turbine. A geometry
modification of the air chamber, using a horizontal baffle-plate to deflect the air from the turbines, is proposed and proved to be very effective in
reducing the risk of water-spray production from the inwards flow. The flow distribution at the turbines' inlet sections for the outwards flow was
found to be fairly uniform for the geometries considered, providing good inlet flow conditions for the turbines. Steady flow was found to be an
acceptable model to study the air-flow inside the pneumatic chamber of an OWC-WEC. (author)
22. Performance estimation of bi-directional turbines in wave energy plants (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?

dbname=zw_qk&wid=5574285)
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S. Anand; V. Jayashankar; S. Nagata; K. Toyota; M.Takao; T. Setoguchi

2007-01-01
Oscillating water column (OWC) based wave energy plants have been designed with several types of bidirectional turbines for converting
pneumatic power to shaft power. Impulse turbines with linked guide vanes and fixed guide vanes have been tested at the Indian Wave Energy
plant. This was after initial experimentation with Well's turbines. In contrast to the Well's turbine which has a linear damping characteristic,
impulse turbines have non-linear damping. This has an important effect in the overall energy conversion from wave to wire. Optimizing the wave
energy plant requires a turbine with linear damping and good efficiency over a broad range of flow coefficient. This work describes how such a
design can be made using fixed guide vane impulse turbines. The Indian Wave Energy plant is used as a case study.
23. Performance Evaluation of an Axysimmetric Floating OWC

(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/45713361/Performance_Evaluation_of_an_Axysimmetric_Floating_OWC.pdf)
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Alves, M. A.; Costa, I. R.; Sarmento, A. J.;

2010-01-01
-diffraction panel model based on the classic linear water wave theory and potential flow. To proceed with the wave energy converter (WEC)
evaluation the equations of motion (of each body), in the frequency domain, are expressed as functions of the complex amplitude of the
displacements, which can be determined from...
24. Numerical modelling in wave energy conversion systems (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?query_id=1&page=0&osti_id=21070915)

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El Marjani, A. [Labo. de Turbomachines, Ecole Mohammadia d' Ingenieurs (EMI), Universite Mohammed V Agdal, Av Ibn Sina, B.P. 765 Agdal,
Rabat (Morocco); Castro Ruiz, F.; Rodriguez, M.A.; Parra Santos, M.T. [Depto. de Ingenieria Energetica y Fluidomecanica, Escuela Tecnica
Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo del Cauce s/n, E-47011 Valladolid (Spain)
2008-08-15
This paper deals with a numerical modelling devoted to predict the flow characteristics in the components of an oscillating water column (OWC)
system used for the wave energy capture. In the present paper, the flow behaviour is modelled by using the FLUENT code. Two numerical flow
models have been elaborated and tested independently in the geometries of an air chamber and a turbine, which is chosen of a radial impulse
type. The flow is assumed to be three-dimensional (3D), viscous, turbulent and unsteady. The FLUENT code is used with a solver of the coupled
conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy, with an implicit time scheme and with the adoption of the dynamic mesh and the sliding
mesh techniques in areas of moving surfaces. Turbulence is modelled with the k-{epsilon} model. The obtained results indicate that the
developed models are well suitable to analyse the air flows both in the air chamber and in the turbine. The performances associated with the
energy transfer processes have been well predicted. For the turbine, the numerical results of pressure and torque were compared to the
experimental ones. Good agreements between these results have been observed. (author)
25. WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=tubitakulakb::78c2d976f8ee92e9d0ba9789ce8bde8c)
()
Gney, Mkrimin evket

2015-01-01
It is a consensus to widespread use of renewable sources for disposal of environmental impact caused by fossil fuel consumption, and moreover
to remedy of fossil fuels depletion. Wave power is a renewable kind of energy. Worldwide potential for wave power is enormous. Ocean appears
to be an important source of wave energy. Various systems are developed and some new projects are implemented on this subject. Therefore, in
this study has been presented the wave energy conversion systems in detai...
26. Optimization of power take-off equipment for an oscillating water column wave energy plant (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?
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Gato, L.M.C.; Falcao, Antonio de F.O. [Dept. de Engenharia Mecanica do IST, Lisboa (Portugal); Paulo Alexandre Justino [INETI/DER, Lisboa
(Portugal)
2005-07-01
The paper reports the optimization study of the electro-mechanical power take-off equipment for the OWC plant whose structure is a caisson
forming the head of the new Douro breakwater. The stochastic approach is employed to model the wave-to-wire energy conversion. The
optimization includes rotational speed (for each sea state), turbine geometry and size, and generator rated power. The procedure is implemented
into a fully integrated computer code, that yields numerical results for the multi-variable optimization process and for the electrical power output
(annual average and for different sea states) with modest computing time (much less than if a time-domain model were used instead). Although
focused into a particular real case, the paper is intended to outline a design method that can be applied to a wider class of wave energy
converters.
27. Millimeter Wave Energy Harvesting (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=od________18::d201401311ee0f3ef6281e569771bb30)
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Khan, Talha Ahmed; Alkhateeb, Ahmed; Heath Jr, Robert W.

2015-01-01
The millimeter wave (mmWave) band, which is a prime candidate for 5G cellular networks, seems attractive for wireless energy harvesting. This
is because it will feature large antenna arrays as well as extremely dense base station (BS) deployments. The viability of mmWave for energy
harvesting though is unclear, due to the differences in propagation characteristics such as extreme sensitivity to building blockages. This paper
considers a scenario where low-power devices extract energy and/or i...
28. Reflectors to Focus Wave Energy (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186017782)

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Kramer, Morten; Frigaard, Peter

2005-01-01
Wave Energy Converters (WECs) extract wave energy from a limited area, often a single point or line even though the wave energy is
generally spread out along the wave crest. By the use of wave reflectors (reflecting walls) the wave energy is effectively focused and increased
by approximately 30......-50%. Clearly longer wave reflectors will focus more wave energy than shorter wave reflectors. Thus the draw back is the
increased wave forces for the longer wave reflectors. In the paper a procedure for calculating the energy efficiency and the wave forces on the
reflectors are described, this by use of a 3D...
29. Study on the performance of helical savonius rotor for wave energy conversion (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AIPC.1225..641Z)
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Zullah, Mohammed Asid; Prasad, Deepak; Choi, Young-Do; Lee, Young-Ho

2010-06-01
This paper presents a numerical study of the savonius type direct drive turbine in typical chamber geometry of an oscillating water column
chamber (OWC) for wave energy conversion. The paper deals with a numerical modeling devoted to predict the turbine efficiency in the
components of an oscillating water column (OWC) system used for the wave energy capture. In the present paper, the flow behavior is modeled
by using the commercial code ANSYS CFX. Three numerical flow models have been elaborated and tested independently in the geometries of a
water chamber with a conventional three bladed savonius type wave turbine and a three bladed helical savonius type turbine. Conventional three
bladed savonius rotors have high coefficient of static torque at certain rotor angles. In order to increase the efficiency of the system a helical
savonius rotor with a twist of certain proposed degree is introduced. Constant periodic wave flow calculations were performed to investigate the
flow distribution at the turbines inlet section, as well as the properties of the savonius type turbine. The flow is assumed to be two-dimensional
(2D), viscous, turbulent and unsteady. The commercial CFD code is used with a solver of the coupled conservation equations of mass,
momentum and energy, with an implicit time scheme and with the adoption of the hexahedral mesh and the moving mesh techniques in areas of
moving surfaces. Turbulence is modeled with the k-e model. The obtained results indicate that the developed models are well suitable to analyze
the water flows both in the chamber and in the turbine. For the turbine, the numerical results of pressure and torque were compared with each
other.
30. Fully nonlinear time-domain simulation of a backward bent duct buoy floating wave energy converter using an acceleration potential method
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013IJNAO...5..513L)
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Lee, Kyoung-Rok; Koo, Weoncheol; Kim, Moo-Hyun

2013-12-01
A floating Oscillating Water Column (OWC) wave energy converter, a Backward Bent Duct Buoy (BBDB), was simulated using a state-of-the-art,
two-dimensional, fully-nonlinear Numerical Wave Tank (NWT) technique. The hydrodynamic performance of the floating OWC device was
evaluated in the time domain. The acceleration potential method, with a full-updated kernel matrix calculation associated with a mode
decomposition scheme, was implemented to obtain accurate estimates of the hydrodynamic force and displacement of a freely floating BBDB.
The developed NWT was based on the potential theory and the boundary element method with constant panels on the boundaries. The mixed
Eulerian-Lagrangian (MEL) approach was employed to capture the nonlinear free surfaces inside the chamber that interacted with a pneumatic
pressure, induced by the time-varying airflow velocity at the air duct. A special viscous damping was applied to the chamber free surface to
represent the viscous energy loss due to the BBDB's shape and motions. The viscous damping coefficient was properly selected using a
comparison of the experimental data. The calculated surface elevation, inside and outside the chamber, with a tuned viscous damping correlated
reasonably well with the experimental data for various incident wave conditions. The conservation of the total wave energy in the computational
domain was confirmed over the entire range of wave frequencies.
31. Feasibility study on wave energy power plant with oscillating water column system in Bawean Island Seas Indonesia
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AIPC.1717c0017A)
()
Ali, A. F.; Hadi, S.

2016-03-01
As a huge archipelago with 17,480 islands, Indonesia still has difficulties to electrify all of its islands especially on the remote ones (areas)
because of a power grid coverage limitation of National Electrical Company (PLN). This research discusses the potential calculation of sea wave
power conversion by utilizing Oscillating Water Column (OWC) system in remote islands, especially on Bawean Island Seas. OWC system is
chosen because of its advantages compared to other systems and also because of its suitability towards sea and coast areas in Indonesia. Kim
Nielsen and David Ross Law were used for the power calculation. The research took data sampling during one month in 2015 with the result of
wave height average of 2.09 meters. That obtained data resulted wave energy of within 270.19 and electrical power output of about 52.7 kW by
using Oscillating Water Column system. Based on this result, Break Even Point (BEP) for one plant covering 117 houses will become zero in the
period of 3 years 8 months.
32. The Wave Energy Device (http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/3314510/The_Wave_Energy_Device)

()
Frigaard, Peter; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Tedd, James William

2006-01-01
The Wave Dragon is a 4 to 11 MW offshore wave energy converter of the overtopping type. It basically consists of two wave reflectors focusing
the waves towards a ramp, a reservoir for collecting the overtopping water and a number of hydro turbines for converting the pressure head into
power. In the...... period from 1998 to 2001 extensive testing on a scale 1:50 model was carried at Aalborg University. During the last two years,
testing has started on a prototype of the Wave Dragon in Nissum Bredning, Denmark (scale 1:4.5 of the North Sea). The prototype was grid
connected in May 2003 as the world......'s first offshore wave energy converter. During this period an extensive measuring program has
established the background for optimal design of the structure and regulation of the power take off system. Planning for full scale deployment of a
7 MW unit within the next 2 years is in progress. The prototype...
33. Cycloidal Wave Energy Converter (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/1061484/)

()
Stefan G. Siegel, Ph.D.

2012-11-30
This program allowed further advancing the development of a novel type of wave energy converter, a Cycloidal Wave Energy Converter or
CycWEC. A CycWEC consists of one or more hydrofoils rotating around a central shaft, and operates fully submerged beneath the water surface.
It operates under feedback control sensing the incoming waves, and converts wave power to shaft power directly without any intermediate power
take off system. Previous research consisting of numerical simulations and two dimensional small 1:300 scale wave flume experiments had
indicated wave cancellation efficiencies beyond 95%. The present work was centered on construction and testing of a 1:10 scale model and
conducting two testing campaigns in a three dimensional wave basin. These experiments allowed for the first time for direct measurement of
electrical power generated as well as the interaction of the CycWEC in a three dimensional environment. The Atargis team successfully
conducted two testing campaigns at the Texas A&M Offshore Technology Research Center and was able to demonstrate electricity generation.
In addition, three dimensional wave diffraction results show the ability to achieve wave focusing, thus increasing the amount of wave power that
can be extracted beyond what was expected from earlier two dimensional investigations. Numerical results showed wave cancellation efficiencies
for irregular waves to be on par with results for regular waves over a wide range of wave lengths. Using the results from previous simulations and
experiments a full scale prototype was designed and its performance in a North Atlantic wave climate of average 30kW/m of wave crest was
estimated. A full scale WEC with a blade span of 150m will deliver a design power of 5MW at an estimated levelized cost of energy (LCOE) in the
range of 10-17 US cents per kWh. Based on the new results achieved in the 1:10 scale experiments these estimates appear conservative and
the likely performance at full scale will
34. Efficient Wave Energy Amplification with Wave Reflectors

(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/49478131/Efficient_Wave_Energy_Amplification_with_Wave_Reflectors.pdf)
()
Kramer, Morten Mejlhede; Frigaard, Peter Bak

2002-01-01
Wave Energy Converters (WEC's) extract wave energy from a limited area, often a single point or line even though the wave energy is generally
spread out along the wave crest. By the use of wave reflectors (reflecting walls) the wave energy is effectively focused and increased to
approximately 130......-140%. In the paper a procedure for calculating the efficiency and optimizing the geometry of wave reflectors are
described, this by use of a 3D boundary element method. The calculations are verified by laboratory experiments and a very good agreement is
found. The paper gives estimates of possible power...... benifit for different geometries of the wave reflectors and optimal geometrical design
parameters are specified. On this basis inventors of WEC's can evaluate whether a specific WEC possible could benefit from wave reflectors....
35. Ocean wave energy conversion (http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/2009906)

()
McCormick, Michael E
2007-01-01
This volume will prove of vital interest to those studying the use of renewable resources. Scientists, engineers, and inventors will find it a valuable
review of ocean wave mechanics as well as an introduction to wave energy conversion. It presents physical and mathematical descriptions of the
nine generic wave energy conversion techniques, along with their uses and performance characteristics.Author Michael E. McCormick is the
Corbin A. McNeill Professor of Naval Engineering at the U.S. Naval Academy. In addition to his timely and significant coverage of possible
environmental effects associa
36. SSG Wave Energy Converter (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/116380848)

()
Margheritini, Lucia; Vicinanza, Diego; Frigaard, Peter

2008-01-01
The SSG (Sea Slot-cone Generator) is a wave energy converter of the overtopping type. The structure consists of a number of reservoirs one on
the top of each others above the mean water level, in which the water of incoming waves is stored temporary. In each reservoir, expressively
designed low...... head hydroturbines are converting the potential energy of the stored water into power. A key to success for the SSG will be the
low cost of the structure and its robustness. The construction of the pilot plant is scheduled and this paper aims to describe the concept of the
SSG wave energy converter and...... the studies behind the process that leads to its construction. The pilot plant is an on-shore full scale module
in 3 levels with an expected power production of 320 MWh/y in the North Sea. Location, wave climate and laboratory tests results will be used
here to describe the pilot plant and its...
37. Performance analysis of a wave energy converter using numerical simulation technique (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?
dbname=zw_qk&wid=0120150400903458)
()
Mohammed; Asid; ZULLAH; Deepak; PRASAD; Mohammed; Rafiuddin; AHMED; Young-Ho; LEE
2010-01-01
A general purpose viscous flow solver Ansys CFX was used to study a Savonius type wave energy converter in a 3D numerical viscous wave
tank.This paper presents the results of a computational fluid dynamics(CFD) analysis of the effect of blade configuration on the performance of
two Savonius rotors for wave energy extraction.A piston-type wave generator was incorporated in the computational domain to generate the
desired incident waves.A complete OWC system with a 3-bladed Savonius rotor was modeled in a three dimensional numerical wave tank and
the hydrodynamic conversion efficiency was estimated.The flow over the rotors was assumed to be two-dimensional(2D),viscous,turbulent and
unsteady.The CFX code was used with a solver of the coupled conservation equations of mass,momentum and energy,with an implicit time
scheme and with the adoption of the hexahedral mesh and the moving mesh techniques in areas of moving surfaces.Turbulence was modeled
with the k-e model.The results indicated that the developed models are suitable to analyze the water flows both in the chamber and in the
turbine.For the turbine,the numerical results of pressure and torque were compared for the two cases.
38. Electromagnetic wave energy converter (http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19730023377)

()
Bailey, R. L. (Inventor)
1973-01-01
Electromagnetic wave energy is converted into electric power with an array of mutually insulated electromagnetic wave absorber elements each
responsive to an electric field component of the wave as it impinges thereon. Each element includes a portion tapered in the direction of wave
propagation to provide a relatively wideband response spectrum. Each element includes an output for deriving a voltage replica of the electric
field variations intercepted by it. Adjacent elements are positioned relative to each other so that an electric field subsists between adjacent
elements in response to the impinging wave. The electric field results in a voltage difference between adjacent elements that is fed to a rectifier to
derive dc output power.
39. Energy Wave Model of Atom (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?dbname=zw_qk&wid=0120160106084618)

()
2015-01-01
proton emits energy wave, electron could sits any position away from nucleus, but be the most stable just when it sits at the trough of energy
wave, and this position accords with Bohr radius and Schr?dinger equation.
40. Wave energy: a Pacific perspective. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22184673)

()
Paasch, Robert; Ruehl, Kelley; Hovland, Justin; Meicke, Stephen

2012-01-28
This paper illustrates the status of wave energy development in Pacific rim countries by characterizing the available resource and introducing the
region's current and potential future leaders in wave energy converter development. It also describes the existing licensing and permitting
process as well as potential environmental concerns. Capabilities of Pacific Ocean testing facilities are described in addition to the region's vision
of the future of wave energy. PMID:22184673
41. Ocean Wave Energy : Underwater Substation System for Wave Energy Converters (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od_______361::c45396dd7249c0caedc30ff7d080f067)
()
Rahm, Magnus
2010-01-01
This thesis deals with a system for operation of directly driven offshore wave energy converters. The work that has been carried out includes
laboratory testing of a permanent magnet linear generator, wave energy converter mechanical design and offshore testing, and finally design,
implementation, and offshore testing of an underwater collector substation. Long-term testing of a single point absorber, which was installed in
March 2006, has been performed in real ocean waves in linear and in n...
42. Key Aspects of Wave Energy (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2192948434)

()
Margheritini, Lucia; Nrgaard, Jrgen Harck
2012-01-01
-technical risks, it is critical to provide comprehensive and reliable information on the technologies without neglecting attractive advantages. It is
possible to underline a different key of lecture of wave energy performance by considering efficiency and power production as well as device
versatility......Diversification of renewable energy sources is fundamental to ensure sustainability. In this contest, wave energy can provide a
substantial contribution as soon as the sector breaks into the market. In order to accelerate shift from a technology to a market focus and reduce
technical and non....... By collecting the experience from mainly three different wave energy developers, the possible alternative functions (other
than energy production) of the devices are describe: Wave Dragon can be effectively used to reduce coastline erosion and/or as mussel farm; the
Sea wave Slot cone Generator (SSG) can...
43. Wave Dragon Wave Energy Converters Used as Coastal Protection (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186049941)
()
Nrgaard, Jrgen Harck; Andersen, Thomas Lykke; Kofoed, Jens Peter

2011-01-01
This paper deals with wave energy converters used to reduce the wave height along shorelines. For this study the Wave Dragon wave energy
converter is chosen. The wave height reduction from a single device has been evaluated from physical model tests in scale 1:51.8 of the 260 x
150 m, 24 kW/m model...
44. Tunnel effect wave energy detection (http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080004759)

()
Kaiser, William J. (Inventor); Waltman, Steven B. (Inventor); Kenny, Thomas W. (Inventor)

1995-01-01
Methods and apparatus for measuring gravitational and inertial forces, magnetic fields, or wave or radiant energy acting on an object or fluid in
space provide an electric tunneling current through a gap between an electrode and that object or fluid in space and vary that gap with any
selected one of such forces, magnetic fields, or wave or radiant energy acting on that object or fluid. These methods and apparatus sense a
corresponding variation in an electric property of that gap and determine the latter force, magnetic fields, or wave or radiant energy in response to
that corresponding variation, and thereby sense or measure such parameters as acceleration, position, particle mass, velocity, magnetic field
strength, presence or direction, or wave or radiant energy intensity, presence or direction.
45. Waves energy comes to surface (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:37065242)

()
The wave- or thalasso-energy, potentially as promising as wind energy, have started to develop in Europe. Great Britain has already a good
experience in this domain but France shows also ambitions in this beginning industry with several projects in progress. This article makes an
overview of the existing tide-, current- and wave-powered generators: tide mills, underwater hydro-turbines, immersed linear generators, aircompression systems, buoy systems, etc. (J.S.)
46. Proposed electromagnetic wave energy converter (http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19730000185)

()
Bailey, R. L.
1973-01-01
Device converts wave energy into electric power through array of insulated absorber elements responsive to field of impinging electromagnetic
radiation. Device could also serve as solar energy converter that is potentially less expensive and fragile than solar cells, yet substantially more
efficient.
47. Direct Drive Wave Energy Buoy (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/1088831/)

()
Rhinefrank, Kenneth E. [Columbia Power Technologies, Inc.; Lenee-Bluhm, Pukha [Columbia Power Technologies, Inc.; Prudell, Joseph H.
[Columbia Power Technologies, Inc.; Schacher, Alphonse A. [Columbia Power Technologies, Inc.; Hammagren, Erik J. [Columbia Power
Technologies, Inc.; Zhang, Zhe [Columbia Power Technologies, Inc.
2013-07-29
The most prudent path to a full-scale design, build and deployment of a wave energy conversion (WEC) system involves establishment of
validated numerical models using physical experiments in a methodical scaling program. This Project provides essential additional rounds of
wave tank testing at 1:33 scale and ocean/bay testing at a 1:7 scale, necessary to validate numerical modeling that is essential to a utility-scale
WEC design and associated certification.
48. Modelling Controlled Arrays of Wave Energy Converters (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=od_______223::42e0be19855ba3b0d12c3c531d70a262)
()
Balitsky, Philip
2013-01-01
Given the great potential resource, the utilization of wave energy for electricity production can make a signicant contribution to the renewable
energy portfolio of coastal nations such as Ireland and the UK. There are, however, many challenges that must be overcome in order for wave
energy to be commercially viable. One of the key objectives of the wave energy industry today is to produce commercially viable wave farms by
placing multiple wave energy converters (WECs) toget...
49. Ocean Wave Energy: Underwater Substation System for Wave Energy Converters (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?
orig_q=RN:41056275)
()
This thesis deals with a system for operation of directly driven offshore wave energy converters. The work that has been carried out includes
laboratory testing of a permanent magnet linear generator, wave energy converter mechanical design and offshore testing, and finally design,
implementation, and offshore testing of an underwater collector substation. Long-term testing of a single point absorber, which was installed in
March 2006, has been performed in real ocean waves in linear and in non-linear damping mode. The two different damping modes were realized
by, first, a resistive load, and second, a rectifier with voltage smoothing capacitors and a resistive load in the DC-link. The loads are placed on
land about 2 km east of the Lysekil wave energy research site, where the offshore experiments have been conducted. In the spring of 2009,
another two wave energy converter prototypes were installed. Records of array operation were taken with two and three devices in the array.
With two units, non-linear damping was used, and with three units, linear damping was employed. The point absorbers in the array are connected
to the underwater substation, which is based on a 3 m3 pressure vessel standing on the seabed. In the substation, rectification of the frequency
and amplitude modulated voltages from the linear generators is made. The DC voltage is smoothened by capacitors and inverted to 50 Hz
electrical frequency, transformed and finally transmitted to the on-shore measuring station. Results show that the absorption is heavily dependent
on the damping. It has also been shown that by increasing the damping, the standard deviation of electrical power can be reduced. The standard
deviation of electrical power is reduced by array operation compared to single unit operation. Ongoing and future work include the construction
and installation of a second underwater substation, which will connect the first substation and seven new WECs
50. Wave-to-wire Modelling of Wave Energy Converters (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2226559548)

()
Ferri, Francesco
, but talking about renewable energy partially ravels the problem out. Wave energy is a large, mostly untapped, renewable energy resource. It
has the potential to contribute significantly to the future energy mix, but the sector has not yet rolled off into the market in consequence of a
number of...... technical and non-technical issues. These can be efficiently summarised in the cost of the energy produced by the various wave
energy converters: If compared with other renewable energy technologies the cost of energy from the ocean waves is still significantly higher.
Holding the comparison it also...... important to noticed that there is not a clear front runner in the wave energy sector, which fades effort and
funding over a too broad frame. In order to assist efficient development and analysis of wave energy converters and therefore to accelerate the
sector progression towards commercialisation, a...

()
Rhinefrank, Kenneth; Prudell, Joseph; Hammagren, Erik; Lenee-Bluhm, Pukha

2016-08-22
This Project aims to satisfy objectives of the DOEs Water Power Program by completing a system detailed design (SDD) and other
important activities in the first phase of a utility-scale grid-connected ocean wave energy demonstration. In early 2012, Columbia Power (CPwr)
had determined that further cost and performance optimization was necessary in order to commercialize its StingRAY wave energy converter
(WEC). CPwrs progress toward commercialization, and the requisite technology development path, were focused on transitioning toward a
commercial-scale demonstration. This path required significant investment to be successful, and the justification for this investment required
improved annual energy production (AEP) and lower capital costs. Engineering solutions were developed to address these technical and cost
challenges, incorporated into a proposal to the US Department of Energy (DOE), and then adapted to form the technical content and statement of
project objectives of the resulting Project (DE-EE0005930). Through Project cost-sharing and technical collaboration between DOE and CPwr,
and technical collaboration with Oregon State University (OSU), National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) and other Project partners, we have
demonstrated experimentally that these conceptual improvements have merit and made significant progress towards a certified WEC system
design at a selected and contracted deployment site at the Wave Energy Test Site (WETS) at the Marine Corps Base in Oahu, HI (MCBH).
52. Key features of wave energy. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22184669)

()
Rainey, R C T
2012-01-28
For a weak point source or dipole, or a small body operating as either, we show that the power from a wave energy converter (WEC) is the
product of the particle velocity in the waves, and the wave force (suitably defined). There is a thus a strong analogy with a wind or tidal turbine,
where the power is the product of the fluid velocity through the turbine, and the force on it. As a first approximation, the cost of a structure is
controlled by the force it has to carry, which governs its strength, and the distance it has to be carried, which governs its size. Thus, WECs are at
a disadvantage compared with wind and tidal turbines because the fluid velocities are lower, and hence the forces are higher. On the other hand,
the distances involved are lower. As with turbines, the implication is also that a WEC must make the most of its force-carrying ability-ideally, to
carry its maximum force all the time, the '100% sweating WEC'. It must be able to limit the wave force on it in larger waves, ultimately becoming
near-transparent to them in the survival condition-just like a turbine in extreme conditions, which can stop and feather its blades. A turbine of any
force rating can achieve its maximum force in low wind speeds, if its diameter is sufficiently large. This is not possible with a simple monopole or
dipole WEC, however, because of the 'n/2' capture width limits. To achieve reasonable 'sweating' in typical wave climates, the force is limited
to about 1MN for a monopole device, or 2MN for a dipole. The conclusion is that the future of wave energy is in devices that are not
simple monopoles or dipoles, but multi-body devices or other shapes equivalent to arrays. PMID:22184669
53. Prototype Testing of the Wave Energy Converter Wave Dragon (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/119259104)
()
Kofoed, Jens Peter; Frigaard, Peter; Friis-Madsen, Erik;

2006-01-01
The Wave Dragon is an offshore wave energy converter of the overtopping type. It consists of two wave reflectors focusing the incoming waves
towards a ramp, a reservoir for collecting the overtopping water and a number of hydro turbines for converting the pressure head into power. In
the period...... from 1998 to 2001 extensive wave tank testing on a scale model was carried at Aalborg University. Then, a 57!27 m wide and 237
tonnes heavy (incl. ballast) prototype of the Wave Dragon, placed in Nissum Bredning, Denmark, was grid connected in May 2003 as the
worlds first offshore wave energy...... converter. The prototype is fully equipped with hydro turbines and automatic control systems, and is
instrumented in order to monitor power production, wave climate, forces in mooring lines, stresses in the structure and movements of the Wave
Dragon. In the period May 2003 to January 2005 an extensive...
54. Optimal control of wave energy converters (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=od_______223::4fb56961bfb6bc8ee3f8c730a1b496b4)
()
Bacelli, Giorgio
2014-01-01
Wave Energy Converters (WECs) are devices designed to absorb energy from ocean waves. The particular type of Wave Energy Converter
(WEC) considered in this thesis is an oscillating body; energy conversion is carried out by means of a structure immersed in water which
oscillates under forces exerted by waves. This thesis addresses the control of oscillating body WECs and the objective of the control system is to
optimise the motion of the devices that maximises the energy absorp...
55. On the wave energy resource of Peru (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:46106491)

()
Highlights: The wave energy resource of Peru was assessed for the first time. Peru has a moderate to high offshore wave energy
resource. The south coast of Peru has a higher wave energy potential than the north coast. The Peruvian wave energy resource has low
temporal variations. The wave energy resource exceeds by seven times electric power demand in Peru. - Abstract: This is the first
assessment of the wave energy resource in Peru, an emerging country with an increasing energy demand and a high dependence on fossil fuels.
On the basis of wave buoy measurements, we characterize the offshore wave energy resource and analyze its temporal variability, comparing
the results with those obtained in previous works for other regions. A wave propagation numerical model (SWAN) is used to determine the
nearshore spatial distribution of wave energy. A total of 357 offshore sea states, representing 90% of the wave energy and 94% of the time in an
average year, were propagated. The wave energy in Peru presents a resource exceeding by more than seven times the total electric demand of
the country. Because of the large amount of resource available and its low seasonal variation, wave energy must be considered in Peru as an
alternative to conventional energy resources
56. Innovative Breakwaters Design for Wave Energy Conversion (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186041882)

()
Vicinanza, Diego; Stagonas, D.; Mller, G.;

2012-01-01
This paper intends contributing to an economically and environmentally sustainable development of coastal infrastructures by investigating the
possibility of combining together breakwaters and Wave Energy Converters (WEC). The latter change the wave energy to electricity, which may
serve both the...
57. Experimental Study on the WavePiston Wave Energy Converter

(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/19978831/Experimental_Study_on_the_WavePiston_Wave_Energy_Converter)
()
Pecher, Arthur; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Angelelli, E.
This report presents the results of an experimental study of the power performance of the WavePiston wave energy converter. It focuses mainly
on evaluating the power generating capabilities of the device and the effect of the following issues: Scaling ratios PTO loading Wave height and
wave period...... dependency Oblique incoming waves Distance between plates During the study, the model supplied by the client, WavePiston,
has been rigorously tested as all the anticipated tests have been done thoroughly and during all tests, good quality data has been obtained from
all the sensors....
58. Investigation of Wave Transmission from a Floating Wave Dragon Wave Energy Converter
()
Nrgaard, Jrgen Harck; Andersen, Thomas Lykke

2012-01-01
This paper focuses on the calibration of the MIKE21BW model against the measured wave height reduction behind a 24 kW/m Wave Dragon
(WD) wave energy converter. A numerical model is used to determine the wave transmission through the floating WD in varying wave conditions.
The transmission obtained...
59. Prototype Testing of the Wave Energy Converter Wave Dragon

(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/51248229/Prototype_Testing_of_the_Wave_Energy_Converter_Wave_Dragon.pdf)
()
Kofoed, Jens Peter; Frigaard, Peter Bak; Friis-Madsen, Erik;

2004-01-01
The Wave Dragon is an offshore wave energy converter of the overtopping type. It consists of two wave reflectors focusing the incoming waves
towards a ramp, a reservoir for collecting the overtopping water and a number of hydro turbines for converting the pressure head into power. In
the period...... from 1998 to 2001 extensive wave tank testing on a scale model was carried at Aalborg University. Then, a 57 x 27 m wide and
237 tonnes heavy (incl. ballast) prototype of the Wave Dragon, placed in Nissum Bredning, Denmark, was grid connected in May 2003 as the
world's first offshore wave energy...... the coming 1 years an extensive measuring program will establish the background for optimal design of
the structure and regulation of the power take off system. Planning for deployment of a 7 MW power production unit in the Atlantic within the next
2-3 years is in progress....
60. The Crest Wing Wave Energy Device (http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/19168819/The_Crest_Wing_Wave_Energy_Device)

()
Kofoed, Jens Peter; Antonishen, Michael Patrick
This report presents the results of a continuation of an experimental study of the wave energy converting abilities of the Crest Wing wave energy
converter (WEC), in the following referred to as Phase 2'. The Crest Wing is a WEC that uses its movement in matching the shape of an
oncoming wave to...... generate power. Model tests have been performed using scale models (length scale 1:30), provided by WaveEnergyFyn,
in regular and irregular wave states that can be found in Assessment of Wave Energy Devices. Best Practice as used in Denmark (Frigaard et
al., 2008). The tests were carried out at Dept. of...... Civil Engineering, Aalborg University (AAU) in the 3D deep water wave tank. The
displacement and force applied to a power take off system, provided by WaveEnergyFyn, were measured and used to calculate mechanical
power available to the power take off....
61. Development of the Wave Energy Converter -Wave Dragon

(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/51892736/Development_of_the_Wave_Energy_Converter_Wave_Dragon.pdf)
()
Kofoed, Jens Peter; Frigaard, Peter; Srensen, Hans Christian;

2000-01-01
2Over the years wave energy has gradually been brought into focus, as it has become clear that the fossil energy resources are limited, and
cause large environmental problems, e.g. CO2 pollution. On this background a number of different wave energy converters have been proposed.
In Denmark the...... government have decided to appropriate 20 mill. DKK (approx. 2,7 mill. EUR) to the development of wave energy devices
over two years, 1998-1999, and the European Community (EC) also supports the development through the JOULECRAFT program....
62. Near-Shore Floating Wave Energy Converters (http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/47412328/Near_Shore_Floating_Wave_Energy_Converters.pdf)

()
Ruol, Piero; Zanuttigh, Barbara; Martinelli, Luca;

2011-01-01
Aim of this note is to analyse the possible application of a Wave Energy Converter (WEC) as a combined tool to protect the coast and harvest
energy. Physical model tests are used to evaluate wave transmission past a near-shore floating WEC of the wave activated body type, named
DEXA. Efficiency a...
63. Probabilistic Design of Wave Energy Devices (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186046819)

()
Srensen, John Dalsgaard; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Ferreira, C.B.

2011-01-01
Wave energy has a large potential for contributing significantly to production of renewable energy. However, the wave energy sector is still not
able to deliver cost competitive and reliable solutions. But the sector has already demonstrated several proofs of concepts. The design of wave
energy...... advocate for a probabilistic design approach, as it is assumed (in other areas this has been demonstrated) that this leads to more
economical designs compared to designs based on deterministic methods. In the present paper a general framework for probabilistic design and
reliability analysis of wave energy...
64. Wave energy input into the Ekman layer (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?dbname=zw_qk&wid=0120150705404290)

()
2008-01-01
This paper is concerned with the wave energy input into the Ekman layer, based on 3 observational facts that surface waves could significantly
affect the profile of the Ekman layer. Under the assumption of constant vertical diffusivity, the analytical form of wave energy input into the Ekman
layer is derived. Analysis of the energy balance shows that the energy input to the Ekman layer through the wind stress and the interaction of the
Stokes-drift with planetary vorticity can be divided into two kinds. One is the wind energy input, and the other is the wave energy input which is
dependent on wind speed, wave characteristics and the wind direction relative to the wave direction. Estimates of wave energy input show that
wave energy input can be up to 10% in high-latitude and high-wind speed areas and higher than 20% in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current,
compared with the wind energy input into the classical Ekman layer. Results of this paper are of significance to the study of wave-induced large
scale effects.
65. Performance of BICM-based QAM-SIM OWC over gamma-gamma turbulence channels

(http://repository.kaust.edu.sa/kaust/handle/10754/564163)
()
Malik, Muhammad Talha

2015-05-01
We derive a series expression for the pair-wise error probability (PEP) of bit interleaved coded modulation (BICM)-based subcarrier intensity
modulation (SIM) optical wireless communication (OWC) system employing M^{2}-ary quadrature amplitude modulation ( M^{2} -QAM) over the
Gamma-Gamma turbulence channels. Using this expression, we develop an upper bound (UB) to predict the bit-error rate performance of such
system. Simulation results are presented to verify the analytical results. We also develop an asymptotic UB which reveals that the diversity order
depends on the smaller channel parameter and the free distance of the convolutional code. 1997-2012 IEEE.
66. Wave energy potential in Galicia (NW Spain) (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/119384031)

()
Iglesias, Gregorio; Lpez, Mario; Carballo, Rodrigo;

2009-01-01
Wave power presents significant advantages with regard to other CO2-free energy sources, among which the predictability, high load factor and
low visual and environmental impact stand out. Galicia, facing the Atlantic on the north-western corner of the Iberian Peninsula, is subjected to a
very...... harsh wave climate; in this work its potential for energy production is assessed based on three-hourly data from a third generation ocean
wave model (WAM) covering the period 1996 - 2005. Taking into account the results of this assessment along with other relevant considerations
such as the location of...... ports, navigation routes, and fishing and aquaculture zones, an area is selected for wave energy exploitation. The
transformation of the offshore wave field as it propagates into this area is computed by means of a nearshore wave model (SWAN) in order to
select the optimum locations for a wave farm. Two...
67. Standing wave tube electro active polymer wave energy converter (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SPIE.8340E..0CJ)
()
Jean, Philippe; Wattez, Ambroise; Ardoise, Guillaume; Melis, C.; Van Kessel, R.; Fourmon, A.; Barrabino, E.; Heemskerk, J.; Queau, J. P.
2012-04-01
Over the past 4 years SBM has developed a revolutionary Wave Energy Converter (WEC): the S3. Floating under the ocean surface, the S3
amplifies pressure waves similarly to a Ruben's tube. Only made of elastomers, the system is entirely flexible, environmentally friendly and silent.
Thanks to a multimodal resonant behavior, the S3 is capable of efficiently harvesting wave energy from a wide range of wave periods, naturally
smoothing the irregularities of ocean wave amplitudes and periods. In the S3 system, Electro Active Polymer (EAP) generators are distributed
along an elastomeric tube over several wave lengths, they convert wave induced deformations directly into electricity. The output is high voltage
multiphase Direct Current with low ripple. Unlike other conventional WECs, the S3 requires no maintenance of moving parts. The conception and
operating principle will eventually lead to a reduction of both CAPEX and OPEX. By integrating EAP generators into a small scale S3, SBM
achieved a world first: direct conversion of wave energy in electricity with a moored flexible submerged EAP WEC in a wave tank test. Through
an extensive testing program on large scale EAP generators, SBM identified challenges in scaling up to a utility grid device. French Government
supports the consortium consisting of SBM, IFREMER and ECN in their efforts to deploy a full scale prototype at the SEMREV test center in
France at the horizon 2014-2015. SBM will be seeking strategic as well as financial partners to unleash the true potentials of the S3 Standing
Wave Tube Electro Active Polymer WEC.
68. Energy in a String Wave (http://eric.ed.gov/?q=wave+AND+energy&id=EJ876093)

()
Ng, Chiu-king
2010-01-01
When one end of a taut horizontal elastic string is shaken repeatedly up and down, a transverse wave (assume sine waveform) will be produced
and travel along it. College students know this type of wave motion well. They know when the wave passes by, each element of the string will
perform an oscillating up-down motion, which in mechanics is termed
69. Energy in one-dimensional linear waves (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?query_id=1&page=0&osti_id=21550588)

()
Repetto, C E; Roatta, A; Welti, R J, E-mail: welti@fceia.unr.edu.ar [Laboratorio de Vibraciones y Ondas, Departamento de Fisica, Escuela de
Formacion Basica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, IngenierIa y Agrimensura (UNR), Pellegrini 250, S2000BTP Rosario (Argentina)
2011-11-15
This work is based on propagation phenomena that conform to the classical wave equation. General expressions of power, the energy
conservation equation in continuous media and densities of the kinetic and potential energies are presented. As an example, we study the waves
in a string and focused attention on the case of standing waves. The treatment is applicable to introductory science textbooks. (letters and
comment)
70. Power Collection from Wave Energy Farms (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=dedup_wf_001::a737115f76d3f68d013deb33244c3a6e)
()
Marta Molinas; Gaute Tjensvoll; Jonas Sjolte

2013-01-01
Most Wave Energy Converters (WECs) produce highly distorted power due to the reciprocal motion induced by ocean waves. Some WEC
systems have integrated energy storage that overcomes this limitation, but add significant expenses to an already costly system. As an
alternative approach, this article investigates the direct export option that relies on aggregate smoothing among several WECs. By optimizing the
positioning of the WEC devices with respect to the incoming waves, fluctuations may be m...
71. Transmission of wave energy in curved ducts (http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19730020369)

()
Rostafinski, W.
1973-01-01
A formation of wave energy flow was developed for motion in curved ducts. A parametric study over a range of frequencies determined the ability
of circular bends to transmit energy for the case of perfectly rigid walls.
72. On the Energy of Rotating Gravitational Waves (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=od________18::448e4184fb12f00c06df43655c7c9f57)
()
Mashhoon, Bahram; McClune, James C.; Chavez, Enrique; Quevedo, Hernando
1996-01-01
A class of solutions of the gravitational field equations describing vacuum spacetimes outside rotating cylindrical sources is presented. A
subclass of these solutions corresponds to the exterior gravitational fields of rotating cylindrical systems that emit gravitational radiation. The
properties of these rotating gravitational wave spacetimes are investigated. In particular, we discuss the energy density of these waves using the
gravitational stress-energy tensor.
73. Predictability of Wave Energy and Electricity Markets (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186053195)

()
Chozas, Julia Fernandez

2012-01-01
The articlw addresses an important challenge ahead the integration of the electricity generated by wave energy conversion technologies into the
electric grid. Particularly, it looks into the role of wave energy within the day-ahead electricity market. For that the predictability of the theoretical...
74. Reliability assessment of wave Energy devices (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186067955)

()
Ambhl, Simon; Kramer, Morten; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Srensen, John Dalsgaard; Ferreira, C.B.
Energy from waves may play a key role in sustainable electricity production in the future. Optimal reliability levels for components used for Wave
Energy Devices (WEDs) need to be defined to be able to decrease their cost of electricity. Optimal reliability levels can be found using
probabilistic...
75. Reliability assessment of wave Energy devices (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2303591045)

()
Ambhl, Simon; Kramer, Morten; Kofoed, Jens Peter;

2014-01-01
Energy from waves may play a key role in sustainable electricity production in the future. Optimal reliability levels for components used for Wave
Energy Devices (WEDs) need to be defined to be able to decrease their cost of electricity. Optimal reliability levels can be found using
probabilistic...
76. Wave energy resource assessment for the Indian shelf seas (http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/4689)
()
SanilKumar, V.; Anoop, T.R.
As a renewable energy, the assessment of wave power potential around a country is crucial. Knowledge of the temporal and spatial variations of
wave energy is required for locating a wave power plant. This study investigates the variations in wave...
77. Numerical analysis of regular waves over an onshore oscillating water column (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/21477368/)
()
Davyt, D.P.; Teixeira, P.R.F. [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), RS (Brazil)], E-mail: pauloteixeira@furg.br; Ramalhais, R.
[Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica (Portugal). Fac. de Ciencias e Tecnologia; Didier, E. [Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Lisboa
(Portugal)], E-mail: edidier@lnec.pt
2010-07-01
The potential of wave energy along coastal areas is a particularly attractive option in regions of high latitude, such as the coasts of northern
Europe, North America, New Zealand, Chile and Argentina where high densities of annual average wave energy are found (typically between 40
and 100 kW/m of wave front). Power estimated in the south of Brazil is 30kW/m, creating a possible alternative of source energy in the region.
There are many types and designs of equipment to capture energy from waves under analysis, such as the oscillating water column type (OWC)
which has been one of the first to be developed and installed at sea. Despite being one of the most analyzed wave energy converter devices,
there are few case studies using numerical simulation. In this context, the numerical analysis of regular waves over an onshore OWC is the main
objective of this paper. The numerical models FLUINCO and FLUENT are used for achieving this goal. The FLUINCO model is based on RANS
equations which are discretized using the two-step semi-implicit Taylor-Galerkin method. An arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation is used to
enable the solution of problems involving free surface movements. The FLUENT code (version 6.3.26) is based on the finite volume method to
solve RANS equations. Volume of Fluid method (VOF) is used for modeling free surface flows. Time integration is achieved by a second order
implicit scheme, momentum equations are discretized using MUSCL scheme and HRIC (High Resolution Interface Capturing) scheme is used for
convective term of VOF transport equation. The case study consists of a 10.m deep channel with a 10 m wide chamber at its end. One meter
high waves with different periods are simulated. Comparisons between FLUINCO and FLUENT results are presented. Free surface elevation
inside the chamber; velocity distribution and streamlines; amplification factor (relation between wave height inside the chamber and incident wave
height); phase angle (angular
78. The SSG Wave Energy Converter (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/193595749)

()
Vicinanza, Diego; Margheritini, Lucia; Kofoed, Jens Peter;

2012-01-01
Svaaheia site (Norway), Port of Hanstholm (Denmark) and Port of Garibaldi (Oregon, USA). In the last-mentioned two projects, the Sea-wave
Slot-cone Generator technology is integrated into outer harbor breakwater and jetty reconstruction projects. Comprehensive studies have been
performed in the last years...... on wave loadings and on hydraulic performances (overtopping and reflection) in order to optimize the structure
design. This paper addresses the influence of various parameters (geometry, wave characteristics) on overtopping, reflection and wave loading
and it draws conclusions on performances of the...
79. Energy cascade in internal wave attractors (http://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.06852.pdf)
()
Brouzet, Christophe; Joubaud, Sylvain; Sibgatullin, Ilias; Dauxois, Thierry

2016-01-01
One of the pivotal questions in the dynamics of the oceans is related to the cascade of mechanical energy in the abyss and its contribution to
mixing. Here, we propose internal wave attractors in the large amplitude regime as a unique self-consistent experimental and numerical setup
that models a cascade of triadic interactions transferring energy from large-scale monochro-matic input to multi-scale internal wave motion. We
also provide signatures of a discrete wave turbulence framework for internal waves. Finally, we show how beyond this regime, we have a clear
transition to a regime of small-scale high-vorticity events which induce mixing. Introduction.
80. Testing, Analysis and Control of Wave Dragon, Wave Energy Converter (http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/12994787/Wave_Energy_Converter)
()
Tedd, James
One of the prongs in the attack on climate change is the development of alternative, non-polluting sources of energy. Wave Dragon is a device at
the forefront of this field of development, converting the energy of ocean waves into electricity. This thesis presents the author's work on the
technical....... This stored water, at a higher level than the sea, is returned through lowhead turbines powering electrical generators. To improve
the quality of modelling of these devices, the short-term characteristics of this overtopping flow are presented based on measurements taken on
the prototype. Advance knowledge...
81. Resonant Wave Energy Converters: Concept development (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:47077799)

()
The Resonant Wave Energy Converter (REWEC) is a device for converting sea wave energy to electrical energy. It belongs to the family of
Oscillating Water Columns and is composed by an absorbing chamber connected to the open sea via a vertical duct. The paper gives a holistic
view on the concept development of the device, starting from its implementation in the context of submerged breakwaters to the recently
developed vertical breakwaters.
82. Levelized Cost of Energy of the Weptos wave energy converter (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2262721352)
()
Pecher, Arthur; Kofoed, Jens Peter
This report presents the cost of energy calculations of a wave energy array of 90 MW, consisting of 25 x 3.6 MW Weptos wave energy
converters. The calculation has been made in analogy with a publically available document presented by the UK government, covering the case
of a similar size wind...
83. Air Turbines for Wave Energy Conversion (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=dedup_wf_001::fe5898f73f1dba7868a1bdf2698f4058)
()
Manabu Takao; Toshiaki Setoguchi

2012-01-01
This paper describes the present status of the art on air turbines, which could be used for wave energy conversion. The air turbines included in
the paper are as follows: Wells type turbines, impulse turbines, radial turbines, cross-flow turbine, and Savonius turbine. The overall
performances of the turbines under irregular wave conditions, which typically occur in the sea, have been compared by numerical simulation and
sea trial. As a result, under irregular wave conditions it is found that ...
84. Counting energy packets in the electromagnetic wave (http://arxiv.org/pdf/0705.2655.pdf)

()
Popescu, Stefan
2007-01-01
We discuss the concept of energy packets in respect to the energy transported by electromagnetic waves and we demonstrate that this physical
quantity can be used in physical problems involving relativistic effects. This refined concept provides results compatible to those obtained by
simpler definition of energy density when relativistic effects apply to the free electromagnetic waves. We found this concept further compatible to
quantum theory perceptions and we show how it could be used to conciliate between different physical approaches including the classical
electromagnetic wave theory, the special relativity and the quantum theories.
85. Wave Induced Loads on the LEANCON Wave Energy Converter

(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/16183997/Wave_induced_loads_on_the_LEANCON_wave_energy_converter)
()
Frigaard, Peter; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Beserra, Eliab Ricarte
This report is a product of the co-operation agreement between Aalborg University and LEANCON (by Kurt Due Rasmussen) on the evaluation
and development of the LEANCON wave energy converter (WEC). The work reported here has focused on evaluation of the wave induced loads
on the device, based on a...... desktop study based on available literature, supplemented by laboratory testing of models of the WEC provided by
LEANCON. LEANCON, represented by Kurt Due Rasmussen, has been heavily involved in the testing of the device, including the
instrumentation, model setup and execution of the tests in the...... laboratory, all under the supervision of the personnel of the Wave Energy
Research Group at Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University....
86. Development of the Wave Energy Converter (http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/13976898/Development_of_the_Wave_Energy_Converter)

()
Kofoed, Jens Peter; Frigaard, Peter; Srensen, Hans Christian;

2000-01-01
The development of the wave energy converter Wave Dragon (WD) is presented. The WD is based on the overtopping principle. Initially a
description of the WD is given. Then the development over time in terms of the various research and development projects working with the
concept is described. This...
87. Energy Extraction from a Slider-Crank Wave Energy under Irregular Wave Conditions: Preprint
()
Sang, Yuanrui; Karayaka, H. Bora; Yan, Yanjun; Zhang, James Z.; Muljadi, Eduard; Yu, Yi-Hsiang
2015-08-24
A slider-crank wave energy converter (WEC) is a novel energy conversion device. It converts wave energy into electricity at a relatively high
efficiency, and it features a simple structure. Past analysis on this particular WEC has been done under regular sinusoidal wave conditions, and
suboptimal energy could be achieved. This paper presents the analysis of the system under irregular wave conditions; a time-domain
hydrodynamics model is adopted and a rule-based control methodology is introduced to better serve the irregular wave conditions. Results from
the simulations show that the performance of the system under irregular wave conditions is different from that under regular sinusoidal wave
conditions, but a reasonable amount of energy can still be extracted.
88. Energy Extraction from a Slider-Crank Wave Energy Converter under Irregular Wave Conditions (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?
()
Sang, Yuanrui; Karayaka, H. Bora; Yan, Yanjun; Zhang, James Z.; Muljadi, Eduard; Yu, Yi-Hsiang
2015-10-19
A slider-crank wave energy converter (WEC) is a novel energy conversion device. It converts wave energy into electricity at a relatively high
efficiency, and it features a simple structure. Past analysis on this particular WEC has been done under regular sinusoidal wave conditions, and
hydrodynamics model is adopted and a rule-based control methodology is introduced to better serve the irregular wave conditions. Results from
the simulations show that the performance of the system under irregular wave conditions is different from that under regular sinusoidal wave
conditions, but a reasonable amount of energy can still be extracted.
89. New Perspectives on Wave Energy Converter Control (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=od_______463::a9848a3d2f467b07ab42ae0aba806978)
()
Price, Alexandra A E
2009-01-01
This work examines some of the fundamental problems behind the control of wave energy converters (WECs). Several new perspectives are
presented to aid the understanding of the problem and the interpretation of the literature. The first of these is a group of methods for classifying
control of WECs. One way to classify control is to consider the stage of power transfer from the wave to the final energy carrier. Consideration of
power transfer can also be used to classify WECs in...
90. Research on Energy Conversion System of Floating Wave Energy Converter (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?
()
; ; ; ;
2014-01-01
A wave power device includes an energy harvesting system and a power take-off system. The power take-off system of a floating wave energy
device is the key that converts wave energy into other forms. A set of hydraulic power take-off system, which suits for the floating wave energy
devices, includes hydraulic system and power generation system. The hydraulic control system uses a specialself-hydraulic control
systemto control hydraulic system to release or save energy under the maximum and the minimum pressures. The maximum pressure is
enhanced to 23 MPa, the minimum to 9 MPa. Quite a few experiments show that the recent hydraulic system is evidently improved in efficiency
and reliability than our previous one, that is expected to be great significant in the research and development of our prototype about wave energy
conversion.
91. Assessment of wave energy resources in Hawaii (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:41125658)

()
Hawaii is subject to direct approach of swells from distant storms as well as seas generated by trade winds passing through the islands. The
archipelago creates a localized weather system that modifies the wave energy resources from the far field. We implement a nested
computational grid along the major Hawaiian Islands in the global WaveWatch3 (WW3) model and utilize the Weather Research and Forecast
(WRF) model to provide high-resolution mesoscale wind forcing over the Hawaii region. Two hindcast case studies representative of the yearround conditions provide a quantitative assessment of the regional wind and wave patterns as well as the wave energy resources along the
Hawaiian Island chain. These events of approximately two weeks each have a range of wind speeds, ground swells, and wind waves for
validation of the model system with satellite and buoy measurements. The results demonstrate the wave energy potential in Hawaii waters. While
the episodic swell events have enormous power reaching 60 kW/m, the wind waves, augmented by the local weather, provide a consistent
energy resource of 15-25 kW/m throughout the year. (author)
92. Clustering of cycloidal wave energy converters (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/1244240/)

()
Siegel, Stefan G.
2016-03-29
A wave energy conversion system uses a pair of wave energy converters (WECs) on respective active mountings on a floating platform, so that
the separation of the WECs from each other or from a central WEC can be actively adjusted according to the wavelength of incident waves. The
adjustable separation facilitates operation of the system to cancel reactive forces, which may be generated during wave energy conversion.
Modules on which such pairs of WECs are mounted can be assembled with one or more central WECs to form large clusters in which reactive
forces and torques can be made to cancel. WECs of different sizes can be employed to facilitate cancelation of reactive forces and torques.
93. Probabilistic Forecasting of the Wave Energy Flux (http://orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/10493598/pinsonetal11_probwave_rev2.pdf)

()
Pinson, Pierre; Reikard, G.; Bidlot, J.-R.

2012-01-01
markets. A methodology for the probabilistic forecasting of the wave energy flux is introduced, based on a log-Normal assumption for the shape
of predictive densities. It uses meteorological forecasts (from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts ECMWF) and local
wave measurements as......Wave energy will certainly have a significant role to play in the deployment of renewable energy generation
capacities. As with wind and solar, probabilistic forecasts of wave power over horizons of a few hours to a few days are required for power
system operation as well as trading in electricity...... input. The parameters of the models involved are adaptively and recursively estimated. The
methodology is evaluated for 13 locations around North-America over a period of 15months. The issued probabilistic forecasts substantially
outperform the various benchmarks considered, with improvements between 6...
94. Underwater noise from a wave energy converter (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2265476254)

()
Tougaard, Jakob
A recent addition to the anthropogenic sources of underwater noise is offshore wave energy converters. Underwater noise was recorded from the
Wavestar wave energy converter located at Hastholm, Denmark (577.73N, 837.23E). The Wavestar is a full-scale test and
demonstration converter of the ab...... to affect seals and porpoises cannot be generalised. Nevertheless, the results clearly demonstrate that it is
possible to harvest wave energy in a way which does not add substantially to the increasing levels of anthropogenic noise in the ocean.......A
recent addition to the anthropogenic sources of underwater noise is offshore wave energy converters. Underwater noise was recorded from the
Wavestar wave energy converter located at Hastholm, Denmark (577.73N, 837.23E). The Wavestar is a full-scale test and
demonstration converter...... of the absorber type. During recordings the converter was operating close to maximum power output (nominal
capacity of 110 kW). During operation the independently operating absorbers float semi-submerged in the water and wave-generated up-anddown motion is converted into hydraulic pressure by means of pistons...
95. Energy-Momentum Distribution of Gravitational Waves (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?dbname=zw_qk&wid=0120111012306891)

()
M. Sharif; Kanwal Nazir

2008-01-01
This paper has been addressed to the well-known problem of energy in gravitational waves.We have investigated the energy of cylindrical
gravitational waves in the context of General Relativity and teleparallel theory of gravity.For this purpose,the prescriptions of Einstein,LandauLifshitz,Bergmann-Thomson,and Moller are used in both the theories.It is shown that these energy-momentum complexes do not provide
equivalent results in the two theories.However,these turn out to be constant for all the prescriptions except Moller in both the theories at large
distances.
96. Nonlinear interaction involving zero energy wave (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:9393233)

()
Three-wave interactions involving one or two modes with non-definite sign of wave energy, treated by second order differential equations in time,
are studied. The third mode is assumed to suffer heavy linear damping, and is treated by means of Tang's adiabatic approximation. The
possibility of negative pump energy and positive decay mode energy is shown to lead to an explosive situation. Self-similar explosive solutions
are derived, and it is shown that almost any solution asymptotically approaches, in some sense, these self-similar solutions
97. Aquabuoy Wave Energy Converter (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186111326)

()
Vicinanza, Diego; Margheritini, Lucia; Frigaard, Peter
The work reported here is part of the contract agreement between the Finavera Renewables Ocean Energy Ltd. and the Department of Civil
Engineering Hydraulics and Coastal Engineering Laboratory to instrument a model in scale 1:10 to prototype of the AquaBuOY (AB) wave energy
converter and to analyse...
98. HARNESSING OCEAN WAVE ENERGY TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY (http://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?

dirEntryId=169140&keyword=wave+AND+energy&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreate
()
A technical challenge to sustainability is finding an energy source that is abundant enough to meet global demands without producing
greenhouse gases or radioactive waste. Energy from ocean surface waves can provide the people of this planet a clean, endless power source
to me...
99. Air Turbines for Wave Energy Conversion (http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/717398)

()
Manabu Takao
2012-01-01
Full Text Available This paper describes the present status of the art on air turbines, which could be used for wave energy conversion. The air
turbines included in the paper are as follows: Wells type turbines, impulse turbines, radial turbines, cross-flow turbine, and Savonius turbine. The
overall performances of the turbines under irregular wave conditions, which typically occur in the sea, have been compared by numerical
simulation and sea trial. As a result, under irregular wave conditions it is found that the running and starting characteristics of the impulse type
turbines could be superior to those of the Wells turbine. Moreover, as the current challenge on turbine technology, the authors explain a twinimpulse turbine topology for wave energy conversion.
100. Electromagnetic wave energy conversion research (http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19760006503)

()
Bailey, R. L.; Callahan, P. S.

1975-01-01
Known electromagnetic wave absorbing structures found in nature were first studied for clues of how one might later design large area manmade radiant-electric converters. This led to the study of the electro-optics of insect dielectric antennae. Insights were achieved into how these
antennae probably operate in the infrared 7-14um range. EWEC theoretical models and relevant cases were concisely formulated and justified
for metal and dielectric absorber materials. Finding the electromagnetic field solutions to these models is a problem not yet solved. A rough
estimate of losses in metal, solid dielectric, and hollow dielectric waveguides indicates future radiant-electric EWEC research should aim toward
dielectric materials for maximum conversion efficiency. It was also found that the absorber bandwidth is a theoretical limitation on radiant-electric
conversion efficiency. Ideally, the absorbers' wavelength would be centered on the irradiating spectrum and have the same bandwith as the
irradiating wave. The EWEC concept appears to have a valid scientific basis, but considerable more research is needed before it is thoroughly
understood, especially for the complex randomly polarized, wide band, phase incoherent spectrum of the sun. Specific recommended research
areas are identified.
101. Energy-momentum Density of Gravitational Waves (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=od________18::8befb5bfe921b46c9d875d0f433a608f)
()
Abbassi, Amir M.; Mirshekari, Saeed

2009-01-01
In this paper, we elaborate the problem of energy-momentum in general relativity by energy-momentum prescriptions theory. Our aim is to
calculate energy and momentum densities for the general form of gravitational waves. In this connection, we have extended the previous works
by using the prescriptions of Bergmann and Tolman. It is shown that they are finite and reasonable. In addition, using Tolman prescription,
exactly, leads to same results that have been obtained by Einstein and Papapetro...
102. Wave energy extraction using decommisioned ships (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/249838026)

()
Mansour, A.E.; Pedersen, Preben Terndrup; Paik, J.K.

2013-01-01
scrap naval vessels in 2002 was $33.4 million. Now apparently the Navy sinks naval vessels by bombs and torpedos. Scrapping can cause
pollution, health hazards, accidents and threat to the ecosystem. Can a polluting ship about to be scrapped be used to generate clean
wave energy? Maybe! It is possible...... to place the ship (unmanned) in about 50 m of water where deep-water swells may have an average
wave period of 615 s. The ship would be tuned to have large motion response, particularly in heave and pitch. In short waves, the ship
could serve as a platform for secondary energy absorption. The idea...... is to tune the ship to have rigid body resonance, or close to it, and resist
that motion to absorb power. A hydraulic ramp connected to an accumulator feeding a hydraulic motor that generates power is one possibility.
Several other energy extraction mechanisms such as turbines connected to...
103. Generalized Cherry oscillators and negative energy waves (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:21060500)

()
In 1925 Cherry discussed two oscillators of positive and negative energy that are nonlinearly coupled in a special way, and presented exact
solutions of the nonlinear equations showing explosive instabilities independent of the strength of the nonlinearity and the initial amplitudes. In
this paper Cherry's Hamiltonian is transformed into a form which allows a simple physical interpretation. The new Hamiltonian is generalized to
three nonlinearly coupled oscillators; it corresponds to three-wave interaction in a continuum theory, like the Vlasov-Maxwell theory, if there exist
linear negative energy waves. (orig.)
104. Performance Evaluation of Wave Energy Converters (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186104088)
()
Pecher, Arthur
prototypes. Guidelines for the development of wave energy converters recommend the use of different prototypes, having different sizes, which
have to perform tank tests or sea trials. Thisimplicates the need of different testing environment, which shifts from being controllable to
uncontrollable with the...... development stages, and results thereby in a need for specific testobjectives and procedures for each development
stage. This PhD thesis has looked into the different development stages and more specifically in the performance assessment of wave energy
converters based on tank testing and sea trials. The...
105. Performance Evaluation of Wave Energy Converters

(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/70080263/Performance_Evaluation_of_Wave_Energy_Converters.pdf)
()
Pecher, Arthur
prototypes. Guidelines for the development of wave energy converters recommend the use of different prototypes, having different sizes, which
have to perform tank tests or sea trials. This implicates the need of different testing environment, which shifts from being controllable to
uncontrollable with the...... development stages, and results thereby in a need for specific test objectives and procedures for each development
stage. This PhD thesis has looked into the different development stages and more specifically in the performance assessment of wave energy
converters based on tank testing and sea trials. The...
106. Marine energies, the new wave of renewable energy sources (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:45086596)
()
Hydro-kinetic power, wave energy, thermal energy of seawater, all these techniques have a low notoriety for the moment but are progressively
gaining ground thanks to technological progress, to public support, but first of all to the mobilization of companies and regions in concern. This
article shows that France is still within the time to build up its renewable marine energies industry

()
Rhinefrank, Ken [Columbia Power Technologies, Corvallis, OR (United States)

2011-11-02
Presentation from the 2011 Water Peer Review in which principal investigator discusses project progress and results for this project which will be
used to inform the utility-scale design process, improve cost estimates, accurately forecast energy production and to observe system operation
and survivability.
108. Reliability of Wave Energy Converters (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2279703389)

()
Ambhl, Simon
. Structural reliability considerations and optimizations impact operation and maintenance (O&M) costs as well as the initial investment costs.
Furthermore, there is a control system for WEC applications which defines the harvested energy but also the loads onto the structure. Therefore,
extreme loads but also...
109. Short term wave forecasting, using digital filters, for improved control of Wave Energy Converters
()
Tedd, James; Frigaard, Peter

2007-01-01
This paper presents a Digital Filter method for real time prediction of waves incident upon a Wave Energy device. The method transforms waves
measured at a point ahead of the device, to expected waves incident on the device. The relationship between these incident waves and power
capture is derived...
110. Inventing a Better Way to Capture the Energy of Waves (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/1256866/)

()
2016-06-01
NREL's ocean energy research team's efforts to develop more robust and cost-effective wave energy converters have yielded a record of
invention titled, 'Wave Energy Conversion Devices with Actuated Geometry.' This innovative wave device features a wave converter with
controlled geometry that increases energy capture and prevents large waves from overloading the generator. The invention's control system
actuates flaps that open and close depending on wave conditions. Better control of the wave forces acting on wave energy conversion devices
provides a solution to one of wave energy's biggest challenges -- and could cut the cost of wave energy in half.
111. Discrete control of resonant wave energy devices. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22184663)

()
Clment, A H; Babarit, A
2012-01-28
Aiming at amplifying the energy productive motion of wave energy converters (WECs) in response to irregular sea waves, the strategies of
discrete control presented here feature some major advantages over continuous control, which is known to require, for optimal operation, a
bidirectional power take-off able to re-inject energy into the WEC system during parts of the oscillation cycles. Three different discrete control
strategies are described: latching control, declutching control and the combination of both, which we term latched-operating-declutched control. It
is shown that any of these methods can be applied with great benefit, not only to mono-resonant WEC oscillators, but also to bi-resonant and
multi-resonant systems. For some of these applications, it is shown how these three discrete control strategies can be optimally defined, either by
analytical solution for regular waves, or numerically, by applying the optimal command theory in irregular waves. Applied to a model of a seven
degree-of-freedom system (the SEAREV WEC) to estimate its annual production on several production sites, the most efficient of these discrete
control strategies was shown to double the energy production, regardless of the resource level of the site, which may be considered as a real
breakthrough, rather than a marginal improvement. PMID:22184663
112. Layouts for Ocean Wave Energy Farms: Models, Properties, and Heuristic (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od______2485::42e2d00db53930793b004a75d58049ae)
()
Snyder, Lawrence V.; Moarefdoost, M. Mohsen

2014-01-01
We present models and algorithms for choosing optimal locations of wave energy conversion (WEC) devices within an array, or wave farm. The
location problem can have a significant impact on the total power of the farm due to the interactions among the incident ocean waves and the
scattered and radiated waves produced by the WECs. Depending on the nature of the interference (constructive or destructive) among these
waves, the wave energy entering multiple devices, and thus the power output of t...
113. Optimal energy production of interacting wave power devices (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=od_______232::e60bda0886557f3aaf92573bb79ea184)
()
Beels, C.; P. Troch; De Rouck, J

2007-01-01
The need for renewable energy is rising at light-speed. The increasing energy demand, the greenhouse effect and the approaching exhaustion of
conventional energy resources, forces humanity to use energy more economically and to develop alternative energy supplies, a.o. wave energy.
A Wave Energy Converter (WEC) converts the kinetic and potential energy in ocean waves into electricity. A single WEC, with a capacity
comparable to a classic power plant (e.g. 400MW), is technologically impossible...
114. Experimental Study on the Langlee Wave Energy Converter (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186108731)

()
Pecher, Arthur; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Weisz, A.
This report presents the results of an experimental study of the wave energy converting abilities of the Langlee wave energy converter (WEC). It
focused mainly on evaluating the power generating capabilities of the device, including investigations of the following issues: Scaling ratiosPTO
loading......Wave height and wave period dependencyOblique incoming waves and directional spreading of waves (3D waves)Damping
platesMooring forces and fixed structure setupPitch, surge and heave motion During the study the model supplied by the client (Langlee Wave
Power AS) has been heavily instrumented - up to 23...
115. Performance of a Wave Energy Converter with Mechanical Energy Smoothing (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od_______135::8e931e76aaff2433365a90d6a3b040ab)
()
Josefsson, Andreas; Berghuvud, Ansel; Ahlin, Kjell; Broman, Gran

2011-01-01
A wave energy converter which uses a power balancing mechanism for turning intermittent and irregular wave motion input to smoothed
continuous electrical power output is studied by combined scale-model testing and numerical simulation. The studied concept consists of a
moored floating device together with a moving mass which is used to store instantaneous incoming power and deliver a controllable load to an
electric generator over a unidirectional rotating shaft. A mathematical model describi...
116. Wave energy transmission apparatus for high-temperature environments (http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100028085)

()
Buckley, John D. (Inventor); Edwards, William C. (Inventor); Kelliher, Warren C. (Inventor); Carlberg, Ingrid A. (Inventor)
2010-01-01
A wave energy transmission apparatus has a conduit made from a refractory oxide. A transparent, refractory ceramic window is coupled to the
conduit. Wave energy passing through the window enters the conduit.
117. Worlds Largest Wave Energy Project 2007 in Wales

(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/6297860/Worlds_Largest_Wave_Energy_Project_2007_in_Wales)
()
Christensen, Lars; Friis-Madsen, Erik; Kofoed, Jens Peter;

2006-01-01
This paper introduces world largest wave energy project being developed in Wales and based on one of the leading wave energy technologies.
The background for the development of wave energy, the total resource ands its distribution around the world is described. In contrast to wind
energy turbines a...... large number of fundamentally different technologies are utilised to harvest wave energy. The Wave Dragon belongs to the
wave overtopping class of converters and the paper describes the fundamentals and the technical solutions used in this wave energy converter.
An offshore floating WEC like the Wave...... Dragon has to be scaled in accordance with the wave climate at the deployment site, which makes
the Welch demonstrator device the worlds largest WEC so far with a total width of 300 meters. The project budget, the construction methods and
the deployment site are also given....
118. Shock wave generated by high-energy electric spark discharge (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JAP...116o3302L)

()
Liu, Qingming; Zhang, Yunming

2014-10-01
Shock wave generated by electric spark discharge was studied experimentally and the shock wave energy was evaluated in this paper. A
pressure measurement system was established to study the pressure field of the electric spark discharge process. A series of electric spark
discharge experiments were carried out and the energy of the electric spark used in present study was in the range of 10 J, 100 J, and 1000 J,
respectively. The shock wave energy released from the electric spark discharge process was calculated by using the overpressure values at
different measurement points near the electric spark discharge center. The good consistency of shock wave energies calculated by pressure
histories at different measuring points in the same electric spark discharge experiment illustrates the applicability of the weak shock wave theory
in calculating the energy of shock wave induced by electric spark discharge process. The result showed that shock wave formed at the initial
stage of electric spark discharge process, and the shock wave energy is only a little part of electric spark energy. From the analysis of the shock
wave energy and electric spark energy, a good linear relationship between shock wave energy and electric spark energy was established, which
make it possible to calculate shock wave energy by measuring characteristic parameters of electric spark discharge process instead of shock
wave. So, the initiation energy of direct initiation of detonation can be determined easily by measuring the parameters of electric spark discharge
process.
119. Reliability Assessment of Wave Energy Devices (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186064731)

()
Ambhl, Simon; Kramer, Morten; Kofoed, Jens Peter;

2012-01-01
This paper focuses on reliability assessment of Wave Energy Device (WED) substructures with respect to fatigue loading. Failure due to fatigue
is an important failure mode of most offshore structures. The focus of the fatigue reliability assessment is in this paper on welded details in steel
subs...... SN approach. Design and the limit state equations (LSE) are established for the accumulated fatigue damage where real sea state data
is taken into account....
120. Wave energy resource in the Estaca de Bares area (Spain) (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?query_id=1&page=0&osti_id=21291448)
()
Iglesias, G.; Carballo, R. [Univ. of Santiago de Compostela, EPS, Hydraulic Eng., Campus Univ. s/n, 27002 Lugo (Spain)
2010-07-15
The area around Cape Estaca de Bares (the northernmost point of Iberia) presents a great potential for wave energy exploitation owing to its
prominent position, with average deepwater wave power values exceeding 40 kW/m. The newly available SIMAR-44 dataset, composed of
hindcast data spanning 44 years (1958-2001), is used alongside wave buoy data and numerical modelling to assess this substantial energy
resource in detail. Most of the energy is provided by waves from the IV quadrant, generated by the prevailing westerlies blowing over the long
Atlantic fetch. Combined scatter and energy diagrams are used to characterise the wave energy available in an average year in terms of the sea
states involved. The lion's share is shown to correspond to significant wave heights between 2 and 5 m and energy periods between 11 and 14 s.
The nearshore energy patterns are then examined using a coastal wave model (SWAN) with reference to four situations: average wave energy,
growing wave energy (at the approach of a storm), extreme wave energy (at the peak of the storm) and decaying wave energy (as the storm
recedes). The irregular bathymetry is found to produce local concentrations of wave energy in the nearshore between Cape Prior and Cape
Ortegal and in front of Cape Estaca de Bares, with similar patterns (but varying wave power) in the four cases. These nearshore areas of
enhanced wave energy are of the highest interest as prospective sites for a wave energy operation. The largest of them is directly in the lee of a
large underwater mount west of Cape Ortegal. In sum, the Estaca de Bares area emerges as one of the most promising for wave energy
exploitation in Europe. (author)
121. Fluctuation and thermal energy balance for drift-wave turbulence (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:21065652)
()
Energy conservation for the drift-wave system is shown to be separated into the wave-energy power balance equation and an ambient thermalenergy transport equation containing the anomalous transport fluxes produced by the fluctuations. The wave energy equation relates the wave
energy density and wave energy flux to the anomalous transport flux and the dissipation of the fluctuations. The thermal balance equation
determines the evolution of the temperature profiles from the divergence of the anomalous heat flux, the collisional heating and cooling
mechanisms and the toroidal pumping effect. 16 refs., 1 tab
122. Electrical Systems for Wave Energy Conversion (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?query_id=1&page=0&osti_id=1016259)

()
Bostroem, Cecilia
2011-07-01
Wave energy is a renewable energy source with a large potential to contribute to the world's electricity production. There exist several
technologies on how to convert the energy in the ocean waves into electric energy. The wave energy converter (WEC) presented in this thesis is
based on a linear synchronous generator. The generator is placed on the seabed and driven by a point absorbing buoy on the ocean surface.
Instead of having one large unit, several smaller units are interconnected to increase the total installed power. To convert and interconnect the
power from the generators, marine substations are used. The marine substations are placed on the seabed and convert the fluctuating AC from
the generators into an AC suitable for grid connection. The work presented in the thesis focuses on the first steps in the electric energy
conversion, converting the voltage out from the generators into DC, which have an impact on the WEC's ability to absorb and produce power.
The purpose has been to investigate how the generator will operate when it is subjected to different load cases and to obtain guidelines on how
future systems could be improved. Offshore experiments and simulations have been done on full scale generators connected to four different
loads, i.e. one linear resistive load and three different non-linear loads representing different cases for grid connected WECs. The results show
that the power can be controlled and optimized by choosing a suitable system for the WEC. It is not obvious which kind of system is the most
preferable, since there are many different parameters that have an impact on the system performance, such as the size of the buoy, how the
generator is designed, the number of WECs, the highest allowed complexity of the system, costs and so on. Therefore, the design of the
electrical system should preferably be carried out in parallel with the design of the WEC in order to achieve an efficient system
123. Survivability Mode and Extreme Loads on the Mooring Lines of the Wave Dragon Wave Energy Converter
()
Parmeggiani, Stefano; Kofoed, Jens Peter
This report is a product of the cooperation agreement between Wave Dragon and Aalborg University regarding phase 2 of the development of the
Wave Dragon Wave Energy Converter. The research is carried out by testing the 1:51.8 scale model of the Wave Dragon, aiming at the
assessment of the...
124. The state of development of wave energy (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:25070576)

()
Wave energy converters are being developed and tested in as many as ten countries. The author believes that the shore mounted converters will
be economically attractive in many locations around the world. These devices are simple and easily maintained. In order to harvest the greater
offshore resource floating devices such as the Clam, Duck and Whale will be needed. Urgent research and development is needed to bring these
to the prototype stage. Future deployment of large arrays of these floating systems could be quickly and easily achieved in many parts of the
world and they would provide considerable quantities of environmentally benign, reasonably cheap energy. (author) 6 figs., 5 refs
125. Wave Energy Research, Testing and Demonstration Center (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/1237844/)

()
Batten, Belinda [Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States)

2014-09-30
The purpose of this project was to build upon the research, development and testing experience of the Northwest National Marine Renewable
Energy Center (NNMREC) to establish a non-grid connected open-ocean testing facility for wave energy converters (WECs) off the coast of
Newport, Oregon. The test facility would serve as the first facility of its kind in the continental US with a fully energetic wave resource where WEC
technologies could be proven for west coast US markets. The test facility would provide the opportunity for self-contained WEC testing or WEC
testing connected via an umbilical cable to a mobile ocean test berth (MOTB). The MOTB would act as a grid surrogate measuring energy
produced by the WEC and the environmental conditions under which the energy was produced. In order to realize this vision, the ocean site
would need to be identified through outreach to community stakeholders, and then regulatory and permitting processes would be undertaken.
Part of those processes would require environmental baseline studies and site analysis, including benthic, acoustic and wave resource
characterization. The MOTB and its myriad systems would need to be designed and constructed.The first WEC test at the facility with the MOTB
was completed within this project with the WET-NZ device in summer 2012. In summer 2013, the MOTB was deployed with load cells on its
mooring lines to characterize forces on mooring systems in a variety of sea states. Throughout both testing seasons, studies were done to
analyze environmental effects during testing operations. Test protocols and best management practices for open ocean operations were
developed. As a result of this project, the non-grid connected fully energetic WEC test facility is operational, and the MOTB system developed
provides a portable concept for WEC testing. The permitting process used provides a model for other wave energy projects, especially those in
the Pacific Northwest that have similar
126. EB Frond wave energy converter - phase 2 (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/20714625/)

()
NONE
2005-07-01
The EB Frond project is a wave energy programme developed by The Engineering Business (EB) from an original idea at Lancaster University.
The EB Frond is a wave generator with a collector vane on top of an arm that pivots near the seabed. Phase 1 of the project demonstrated the
technical feasibility of the project and provided proof of concept. Phase 2 involved further assesment of the technical and commercial viability of
the concept through the development of mathematical and physical modelling methods. The work involved small-scale (1/25th) testing in wave
tanks at Newcastle and Lancaster Universities and the development, verification and validation of a time domain mathematical model. The
decision by EB to put on hold its renewable generation programme meant that plans to test at an intermediate scale (1/16th), assess different
survival strategies in extreme wave conditions, carry out site characterisation for full-scale systems and to produce a robust economic model
were not fulfilled. However, the mathematical and physical modelling work was used to develop an economic model for the Frond system. This
produced a predicted unit cost of electricity by a pre-commercial 5 MW demonstration farm of about 17 pence/kWh. The report discusses the
small-scale testing, test results, mathematical modelling, analysis and interpretation, survivability, the economic model and the development
route to full-scale production.
127. Innovative rubble mound breakwaters for overtopping wave energy conversion (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/266777758)
()
Vicinanza, Diego; Contestabile, Pasquale; Nrgaard, Jrgen Quvang Harck;

2014-01-01
This paper intends contributing to the development of an economically and environmentally sustainable coastal infrastructure, which combines
rubble mound breakwaters with Wave Energy Converters (WEC). The energy is produced by collecting wave overtopping in a front reservoir,
which is returned to...... experiments. The formulae are provided with the aim to be of direct use to engineers in the preliminary design of a first
prototype of combined breakwater and wave energy converter.......This paper intends contributing to the development of an economically and
environmentally sustainable coastal infrastructure, which combines rubble mound breakwaters with Wave Energy Converters (WEC). The energy
is produced by collecting wave overtopping in a front reservoir, which is returned to...
128. Wave Energy Study in China: Advancements and Perspectives (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?

dbname=zw_qk&wid=0120100202685238)
()
; ; ; ;
2003-01-01
The history and current status of research and development of wave energy in the world is briefly introduced. The main problems existing in
these studies are pointed out. The description is focused on the current status and the advancements achieved in China. After analysis of the
wave energy resources and practical situations in China, it is pointed out that the studies on wave energy should be not only concentrated on the
conversion efficiency and costs of wave energy devices, but also focused on the technology of independent operation and stable output of
electricity. Finally, the perspectives of application of wave energy in China are discussed.
129. Implementation of an OpenFOAM Numerical Wave Tank for Wave Energy Experiments (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od_______223::a3a3cf534f72ee3d873ce3cfecbb87d9)
()
Davidson, Josh; Cathelain, Marie; Guillemet, Louise; Le Huec, Thilbault; RINGWOOD John
2015-01-01
A numerical wave tank (NWT) can be a useful tool for wave energy experiments. This paper outlines the implementation of a NWT using the
open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, OpenFOAM. In particular, the paper focusses on an NWT designed for experiments
involving rigidbody type wave energy converters (WECs), using OpenFOAM version 2.3.0.
130. Hydraulic Evaluation of the Crest Wing Wave Energy Converter

(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/16183838/Hydraulic_evaluation_of_the_Crest_Wing_wave_energy_converter)
()
Kofoed, Jens Peter; Antonishen, Michael Patrick
This report presents the results of an experimental study of the wave energy converting abilities of the Crest Wing wave energy converter (WEC).
The Crest Wing is a WEC that uses its movement in matching the shape of an oncoming wave to generate power. Model tests have been
performed using a scale...... model (length scale 1:30), provided by WaveEnergyFyn, in regular and irregular wave states that can be found in
Assessment of Wave Energy Devices. Best Practice as used in Denmark (Frigaard et al., 2008). The tests were carried out at Dept. of Civil
Engineering, Aalborg (Frigaard et al., 2008). The...... tests were carried out at Dept. of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University (AAU) in the 3D deep
water wave tank. The displacement and force applied to a power take off system, provided by WaveEnergyFyn, were measured and used to
calculate total power take off....
131. Communicating Wave Energy: An Active Learning Experience for Students (http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1103434.pdf)
()
Huynh, Trongnghia; Hou, Gene; Wang, Jin

2016-01-01
We have conducted an education project to communicate the wave energy concept to high school students. A virtual reality system that
combines both hardware and software is developed in this project to simulate the buoy-wave interaction. This first-of-its-kind wave energy unit is
portable and physics-based, allowing students to conduct a number of
132. Transmission of wave energy through an offshore wind turbine farm (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/245255059)
()
Christensen, Erik Damgaard; Johnson, Martin; Srensen, Ole Rene;

2013-01-01
The transmission of wave energy passing an offshore wind farm is studied. Three effects that can change the wave field are analysed, which is
the A) energy dissipation due to drag resistance, B) wave reflection/diffraction from structures, and C) the effect of a modified wind field inside
and on...
133. CFD study of the overtopping discharge of the Wave Dragon wave energy converter
()
Eskilsson, K.; Palm, J.; Kofoed, Jens Peter;

2015-01-01
The Wave Dragon is a floating Wave Energy Converter (WEC) working by the overtopping principle. The overtopping discharge has been
determined by model scale experiments in wave basins. In the present study we numerically simulate the overtopping behavior of the Wave
Dragon device using a VOFbased...... incompressible Euler/Navier-Stokes solver in the OpenFOAM framework. We present simulations of: (i)
a complete sea state for different crest heights, and (ii) regular waves for different wave conditions and crest heights. The simulations compare
reasonably well with the experimental data, albeit the irregular...... wave simulations predict a larger overtopping discharge than observed in the
experiments....
134. DISSIPATION OF WAVE ENERGY ON VERY MILD SLOPE (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?

dbname=zw_qk&wid=0120100361328230)
()
2000-01-01
This paper presents the analysis and calculation of wave attenuation when waves travel on sand bed, sand ripple bed and muddy bed,
respectively. The study shows that (1) The dissipation of wave energy due to bottom percolation may be neglected on sand bed; (2) The wave
attenuation due to the friction of sand ripples is one order higher than that of flat sand bed and (3) The energy loss of waves propagating on
muddy bed is the largest. Then, the equivalent coefficients of friction are calculated in order to compare with the solution by the bottom-friction
model. Wave attenuation are also computed by the Bingham-model and the principle of conservation of wave energy flux on very mild muddy
slope. The results coincide well with the wave information from the Lianyungang Wave Observation Station. Theoretical prediction proves that the
equivalent coefficients of friction strongly rely on water depth, which inerease with decreasing depth.
135. Experiments with Point Absorber Type Wave Energy Converters in a Large-Scale Wave Basin
()
Stratigaki, Vasiliki; Troch, Peter; Stallard, Tim;

2014-01-01
Wave Energy Converters (WECs) extract energy from ocean waves and have the potential to produce a significant contribution of electricity from
renewable sources. However, large "WEC farms" or "WEC arrays" are expected to have "WEC array effects", expressed as the impact of the
WECs on the wave...... geometric layout configurations and wave conditions. WEC response, wave induced forces on the WECs and wave field
modifications have been measured. Each WEC consists of a buoy with diameter of 0.315 m. Power take-off is modeled by realizing friction based
energy dissipation through damping of the WECs...... array effects and for validation and extension of numerical models. This model validation
will enable optimization of the geometrical layout of WEC arrays for real applications and reduction of the cost of energy from wave energy
systems....
136. Nonlinear control design for wave energy converter (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=od______3484::e387e468266f073a46baeec9f5ad84b0)
()
Galvn Garca, Bruno

2013-01-01
In this thesis, we study the optimization of a single-piston pump system for use in a new wave energy converter by using a feedback mechanism.
The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the optimal determination of control variables using the dynamical model of the single-piston pump
system, which is a switched system that is built on first principles and describes the dynamics of four main important elements of the system: the
buoy, the rod, the piston and the pumped water. ...
137. Estimation of Wave Energy from Wind Velocity (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=dedup_wf_001::a1a051a7d3ba95aa7ff379d83e10427b)
()
Jonathan Blackledge; Eugene Coyle; Derek Kearney; Ronan McGuirk; Brian Norton
2013-01-01
The aim of this paper is to report on a possible correlation between the Levy index for wind velocity and the mean Energy Density of sea surface
waves in the same location. The result is based on data obtained from 6 buoys located around the coast of Ireland and maintained by the Marine
Institute of Ireland and a further 144 buoys located at various locations off the coast of the United States of America and maintained by the
National Data Buoy Centre. These buoys provide historical data on t...
138. Sea wave energy based in nanotechnology (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/21397663/)

()
Duque, Carlos
2010-09-15
Application on which it turns east document is the recovery of the energy of the sea waves turning it into electricity by means of the combination
of nano-piezoelectric and condensing, the system would be seen like a compound floating fabric of million piezoelectric crystals that turn the
oscillating movement of the sea into micro-electrical signals that they are added and they left by means cables to the surface where electronics
devices classified to the load of condensers, from the electricity is confined and later is invested and synchronize itself with the great national
mains.
139. Experiments on the WavePiston, Wave Energy Converter

(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/55763102/Experiments_on_the_WavePiston_Wave_Energy_Converter.pdf)
()
Angelelli, E.; Zanuttigh, B.; Kofoed, Jens Peter;

2011-01-01
results and survivability considerations suggest that the WavePiston would be particularly suited for installations in milder seas. An example
application is therefore presented in the Mediterranean Sea, off-shore the island of Sicily. In this case, each collector harvests the 10% of the
available wave...
140. Power Collection from Wave Energy Farms (http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/3/2/420)

()
Marta Molinas
2013-04-01
Full Text Available Most Wave Energy Converters (WECs produce highly distorted power due to thereciprocal motion induced by ocean waves.
Some WEC systems have integrated energystorage that overcomes this limitation, but add significant expenses to an already costlysystem. As
an alternative approach, this article investigates the direct export option thatrelies on aggregate smoothing among several WECs. By optimizing
the positioning of theWEC devices with respect to the incoming waves, fluctuations may be mutually canceledout between the devices. This work
is based on Fred. Olsens WEC system Lifesaver, anda WEC farm consisting of 48 devices is designed in detail and simulated. The major
costdriver for the electrical export system is the required oversize factor necessary for transferof the average power output. Due to the low power
quality, this number can be as high as20 at the entry point of the electrical system, and it is thus crucial to quickly improve thepower quality so
that the downstream power system is efficiently utilized. The simulationsundertaken in this work indicate that a high quality power output can be
achieved at the farmlevel, but that a significant oversize factor will be required in the intermediate power systemwithin the farm.
10
141. Wave propagation and energy dissipation in viscoelastic granular media (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?
()
2001-01-01
In terms of viscoelasticity, the relevant theory of wave in granular media is analyzed in this paper.Under the conditions of slight deformation of
granules, wave equation, complex number expressions of propagation vector and attenuation vector, attenuation coefficient expressions of
longitudinal wave and transverse wave,etc, are analyzed and deduced. The expressions of attenuation coefficients of viscoelastic longitudinal
wave and transverse wave show that the attenuation of wave is related to frequency. The higher the frequency is, the more the attenuation is,
which is tested by the laboratory experiment. In addition, the energy dissipation is related to the higher frequency wave that is absorbed by
granular media. The friction amongst granular media also increase the energy dissipation. During the flowing situation the expression of
transmission factor of energy shows that the granular density difference is the key factor which leads to the attenuation of vibrating energy.This
has been proved by the experiment results.
142. Wave Energy, Lever Operated Pivoting Float LOPF Study

(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/60378271/Wave_Energy_Lever_Operated_Pivoting_Float_LOPF_Study_ForskEl_Project_no._10639.pdf)
()
Margheritini, Lucia
The fully instrumented Resen Waves Lever Operated Pivoting Float LOPF wave energy buoy model has gone through the first stage of testing in
regular waves in scale 1:25 of the North Sea wave conditions, in the 3D deep wave basin at the Hydraulic and Coastal Engineering Laboratory of
Aalborg...... for maximum energy output in regular as well as irregular waves. During storms the buoy pivots and streamlines itself to minimize
loads on the mooring line. A conservative estimate shows that a full scale system for North Sea conditions has a float size width of 15 m that will,
with 60% generator...
143. Experimental Study on the Langlee Wave Energy Converter (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186106014)

()
Lavelle, John; Kofoed, Jens Peter
This report concerns the experimental study of the 1:20 scale model of the Langlee Wave Energy Converter (WEC) carried out at Aalborg
Universitys wave basin during the summer of 2010.......This report concerns the experimental study of the 1:20 scale model of the Langlee
Wave Energy Converter (WEC) carried out at Aalborg Universitys wave basin during the summer of 2010....
144. Offshore and inshore wave energy assessment: Asturias (N Spain) (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?
()
Iglesias, G.; Carballo, R. [Univ. of Santiago de Compostela, EPS, Hydraulic Engineering, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo (Spain)
2010-05-15
The offshore and inshore wave energy resource in Asturias (N Spain) is studied using wave buoy data and a hindcast dataset spanning 44 years
(1958-2001). Offshore average wave power and annual wave energy values are found to exceed 30 kW/m and 250 MWh/m, respectively, at 7 of
the 11 study sites. This substantial resource is characterised in terms of the sea states involved. Most of the energy is provided by IV quadrant
waves with significant wave heights between 2 m and 5 m and energy periods between 11 s and 13 s. After analysing the offshore resource,
numerical modelling is used to investigate the inshore wave patterns. A coastal wave model is validated with wave buoy data and applied to three
case studies representative of storm, winter and summer conditions. Inshore wave energy concentration areas, of interest as prospective wave
farm sites, are found to occur west of Cape Vidio and on the western side of the Cape Penas peninsula. The methodology used in this
investigation may serve as a model for wave energy assessments in other regions, especially where both the offshore and inshore resources are
of consequence. (author)
145. Ocean wave properties of Terengganu for renewable energy potential (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?
()
Muzathik, A.M.; Wan Nik, W.B.; Ahmad, M.F.; Ibrahim, M.Z.; Sharuddin, A.H.; Samo, K.B. [Universiti of Malalysia, Kuala Terengganu (Malaysia)
2011-07-01
The development of renewable energy sources together with the expansion of those currently exploited is crucial in reducing the emissions of
greenhouse gases as prescribed by the Kyoto protocol. Among renewable energy sources, ocean waves contain the highest energy density. This
allows for substantial energy generation in relatively small areas from a virtually inexhaustible energy source. Wave energy has a number of
significant advantages with respect to other renewable energy sources -- predictability, abundance, high load factor and low environmental
impact, among others. In spite of these advantages, wave energy exploitation is still in its infancy due to technological challenges still ahead.
Although wave energy potential has been reported for a few countries around the world, reliable and year-long wave data is still needed for
Malaysia. This study therefore addresses this need. The wave resource characterization is a crucial point towards the exploitation of wave
energy. Wave power along the Terengganu coast was analyzed at a time scale of months to examine the seasonal dependencies. These
investigations show that the Terengganu coast could provide a source of low wave power. The wave climate in the Terengganu coast is among
the harshest in Malaysia. The maximum wave height varies between 1--13 m and 3.13 m. The month of December has the highest probability of
occurrence of significant wave heights greater than 2 m (2.15%), the possibility of this occurrence begins in November and lasts through January.
Similarly, the month of December has the highest probability of occurrence of maximum wave heights greater than 2 m (44.09%) followed by
January (40.86%) and November (32.78%). An identical evolution is seen for the wave heights in the classes 1--2 m, the highest frequency of
occurrence is in December and represents 68.01% of the total of the month. The wave mean period varies between 2.76 and 5.28 sec and
monthly averaged wave peak period varies between 3
146. Wave Energy Dissipation of Waves Breaking on a Reef with a Steep Front Slope
(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/47642370/Wave_Energy_Dissipation_of_Waves_Breaking_on_a_Reef_with_a_Steep_Front_Slope.pdf)
()
Jensen, M.S.; Burcharth, Hans F.; Brorsen, Michael

2005-01-01
The Transformation of waves propagating over a steep bottom slope is of great importance regarding the coastal processes in the near-shore
area.This study will contribute with tools to predict the dissipated wave energy for irregular waves passing a steep submerged slope. An
extensive number of t...
147. Specification of Instrumentation of Multi MW Wave Dragon Offshore Wave Energy Converter
()
Gilling, Lasse; Kofoed, Jens Peter
Wave Dragon is a wave energy converter of the overtopping type and is described e.g. in Tedd et. al. (2006). The device has been thoroughly
tested on a 1:51.8 scale model in wave laboratories and a 1:4.5 scale model deployed in Nissum Bredning, a large inland waterway in Denmark.
Based on the...
148. Wave energy resource assessment based on satellite observations around Indonesia (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AIPC.1737f0001R)
()
Ribal, Agustinus; Zieger, Stefan

2016-06-01
A preliminary assessment of wave energy resource around Indonesian's ocean has been carried out by means of analyzing satellite
observations. The wave energy flux or wave power can be approximated using parameterized sea states. Wave power scales with significant
wave height, characteristic wave period and water depth. In this approach, the significant wave heights were obtained from ENVISAT
(Environmental Satellite) data which have been calibrated. However, as the characteristic wave period is rarely specified and therefore must be
estimated from other variables when information about the wave spectra is unknown. Here, the characteristic wave period was calculated with an
empirical model that utilizes altimeter estimates of wave height and backscatter coefficient originally proposed. For the Indonesian region, wave
power energy is calculated over two periods of one year each and was compared with the results from global hindcast carried out with a recent
release of wave model WAVEWATCH III. We found that, the most promising wave power energy regions around the Indonesian archipelago are
located in the south of Java island and the south west of Sumatera island. In these locations, about 20 - 30 kW/m (90th percentile: 30-50 kW/m,
99th percentile: 40-60 kW/m) wave power energy on average has been found around south of Java island during 2010. Similar results have been
found during 2011 at the same locations. Some small areas which are located around north of Irian Jaya (West Papua) are also very promising
and need further investigation to determine its capacity as a wave energy resource.
149. Electric energy from ocean waves; Elektrische Energie aus Meereswellen (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?
()
Hafner, E. [Univ. Witten-Herdecke, Lehrstuhl fuer Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft, Witten (Germany)
1996-12-31
The fact that ocean waves possess a high power density means a challenge for engineers to investigate ways of exploiting this renewable energy
source. The following survey shows the corresponding state of the art in research and development. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die Tatsache, das
Meereswellen ueber eine ausserdordentlich hohe Leistungsdichte verfuegen, stellt die Ingenieure vor die interessante Aufgabe, Wege zur
Nutzung dieser regenerativen Energieressource zu finden. In einem Ueberblick wird der internationale Stand der Forschung und Entwicklung
dokumentiert. (orig.)
150. Establishment of Motion Model for Wave Capture Buoy and Research on Hydrodynamic Performance of Floating-Type Wave Energy Converter
(https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doajarticles::95331cf4296cb54aac8226ac4aa35a31)
()
Gao Hongtao; Li Biao

2015-01-01
Floating-type wave energy converter has the advantages of high wave energy conversion efficiency, strong shock resistance ability in rough sea
and stable output power. So it is regarded as a promising energy utilization facility. The research on hydrodynamic performance of wave capture
buoys is the precondition and key to the wave energy device design and optimization. A simplified motion model of the buoys in the waves is
established. Based on linear wave theory, the equations of motion of b...
151. Assessing the optimal location for a shoreline wave energy converter (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:46099091)
()
Highlights: The wave energy resource and hot spots along an energetic region are determined. The slot cone generator power matrix is
crossed with the energy resource available. Capacity factor, equivalent hours and capture factor are computed. The optimum location for
the shoreline wave energy converter is determined. - Abstract: This work deals with the assessment of the optimal locationin terms of the
electric energy productionfor a shoreline Wave Energy Converter (WEC). The methodology is presented through a case study in which the
wave energy conversion technology and the location selected correspond to the Seawave Slot-Cone Generator (SSG) and a coastal strip in
Galicia (NW Spain), respectively. This region represents one of the European areas with the greatest wave energy resource and where pilot
plants for wave energy conversion are still undeveloped. To carry out the assessment, we consider the wave data recorded at an offshore buoy
and the power matrix of the SSG. The wave conditions offshorerepresenting the 90% of the total energy for an average yearare
propagated through a third generation wave model toward the coast. On the basis of the results, five hotspots or areas with high wave energy
levels are highlighted. After crossing the power matrix of the WEC with the wave conditions, we map the expected energy production and the
percentage of the total energy captured along the coastline. Among the five hot spots in the area, one is proposed as the optimum for the SSG
location. Finally, we discuss the energy supply capacity of the WEC to satisfy the energy consumption needs of nearby communities
152. Energy budget of surface waves in the global ocean (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?dbname=zw_qk&wid=0120100329718363)

()
TENG Yong; YANG Yongzeng; QIAO Fangli; LU Jing; YIN Xunqiang

2009-01-01
Mechanical energy input from atmosphere and losses from wave-breaking dissipation of sea surface waves are estimated by a direct scheme.
This scheme is based on the integration in the wavenumber space of the wind input and breaking dissipation source functions of the MASNUM
wave model.The global amount of wind energy input, averaged in 2005, is about 57 TW, and the wave-breaking dissipation summed in deepwater is about 33 TW, over a half of the wind energy input. The residual may be dissipated by beach processes. Global distributions of the
energy input and breaking dissipation concentrate in the westerlies of the Southern Hemisphere.
153. Wave energy extraction by coupled resonant absorbers. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22184664)

()
Evans, D V; Porter, R
2012-01-28
In this article, a range of problems and theories will be introduced that will build towards a new wave energy converter (WEC) concept, with the
acronym 'ROTA' standing for resonant over-topping absorber. First, classical results for wave power absorption for WECs constrained to operate
in a single degree of freedom will be reviewed and the role of resonance in their operation highlighted. Emphasis will then be placed on how the
introduction of further resonances can improve power take-off characteristics by extending the range of frequencies over which the efficiency is
close to a theoretical maximum. Methods for doing this in different types of WECs will be demonstrated. Coupled resonant absorbers achieve this
by connecting a WEC device equipped with its own resonance (determined from a hydrodynamic analysis) to a new system having separate
mass/spring/damper characteristics. It is shown that a coupled resonant effect can be realized by inserting a water tank into a WEC, and this idea
forms the basis of the ROTA device. In essence, the idea is to exploit the coupling between the natural sloshing frequencies of the water in the
internal tank and the natural resonance of a submerged buoyant circular cylinder device that is tethered to the sea floor, allowing a rotary motion
about its axis of attachment. PMID:22184664
154. Scattered surface wave energy in the seismic coda (http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70030465)

()
Zeng, Y.
2006-01-01
One of the many important contributions that Aki has made to seismology pertains to the origin of coda waves (Aki, 1969; Aki and Chouet, 1975).
In this paper, I revisit Aki's original idea of the role of scattered surface waves in the seismic coda. Based on the radiative transfer theory, I
developed a new set of scattered wave energy equations by including scattered surface waves and body wave to surface wave scattering
conversions. The work is an extended study of Zeng et al. (1991), Zeng (1993) and Sato (1994a) on multiple isotropic-scattering, and may shed
new insight into the seismic coda wave interpretation. The scattering equations are solved numerically by first discretizing the model at regular
grids and then solving the linear integral equations iteratively. The results show that scattered wave energy can be well approximated by bodywave to body wave scattering at earlier arrival times and short distances. At long distances from the source, scattered surface waves dominate
scattered body waves at surface stations. Since surface waves are 2-D propagating waves, their scattered energies should in theory follow a
common decay curve. The observed common decay trends on seismic coda of local earthquake recordings particular at long lapse times suggest
that perhaps later seismic codas are dominated by scattered surface waves. When efficient body wave to surface wave conversion mechanisms
are present in the shallow crustal layers, such as soft sediment layers, the scattered surface waves dominate the seismic coda at even early
arrival times for shallow sources and at later arrival times for deeper events.
155. Climate change impact on wave energy in the Persian Gulf (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015OcDyn..65..777K)
()
Kamranzad, Bahareh; Etemad-Shahidi, Amir; Chegini, Vahid; Yeganeh-Bakhtiary, Abbas

2015-06-01
Excessive usage of fossil fuels and high emission of greenhouse gases have increased the earth's temperature, and consequently have changed
the patterns of natural phenomena such as wind speed, wave height, etc. Renewable energy resources are ideal alternatives to reduce the
negative effects of increasing greenhouse gases emission and climate change. However, these energy sources are also sensitive to changing
climate. In this study, the effect of climate change on wave energy in the Persian Gulf is investigated. For this purpose, future wind data obtained
from CGCM3.1 model were downscaled using a hybrid approach and modification factors were computed based on local wind data (ECMWF)
and applied to control and future CGCM3.1 wind data. Downscaled wind data was used to generate the wave characteristics in the future based
on A2, B1, and A1B scenarios, while ECMWF wind field was used to generate the wave characteristics in the control period. The results of these
two 30-yearly wave modelings using SWAN model showed that the average wave power changes slightly in the future. Assessment of wave
power spatial distribution showed that the reduction of the average wave power is more in the middle parts of the Persian Gulf. Investigation of
wave power distribution in two coastal stations (Boushehr and Assalouyeh ports) indicated that the annual wave energy will decrease in both
stations while the wave power distribution for different intervals of significant wave height and peak period will also change in Assalouyeh
according to all scenarios.
156. Integration of Wave Energy Converters into Coastal Protection Schemes (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186062282)
()
Zanuttigh, B.; Martinelli, L.; Castagnetti, M.;

2010-01-01
The purpose of this paper is to examine the feasibility of using wave energy converters for coastal protection through laboratory tests. The paper
considers the case of a near-shore floating device of the Wave Activated Body type, named DEXA. The influence of the device length and of the
wave par...
157. Acceleration of low energy charged particles by gravitational waves (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=od________18::ea32333c54a53cddd0f756df73ab860c)
()
Voyatzis, G.; Vlahos, L.; Ichtiaroglou, S.; Papadopoulos, D.

2005-01-01
The acceleration of charged particles in the presence of a magnetic field and gravitational waves is under consideration. It is shown that the weak
gravitational waves can cause the acceleration of low energy particles under appropriate conditions. Such conditions may be satisfied close to
the source of the gravitational waves if the magnetized plasma is in a turbulent state.
158. Diffuse Waves and Energy Densities Near Boundaries (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.S51D..05S)

()
Sanchez-Sesma, F. J.; Rodriguez-Castellanos, A.; Campillo, M.; Perton, M.; Luzon, F.; Perez-Ruiz, J. A.
2007-12-01
Green function can be retrieved from averaging cross correlations of motions within a diffuse field. In fact, it has been shown that for an elastic
inhomogeneous, anisotropic medium under equipartitioned, isotropic illumination, the average cross correlations are proportional to the imaginary
part of Green function. For instance coda waves are due to multiple scattering and their intensities follow diffusive regimes. Coda waves and the
noise sample the medium and effectively carry information along their paths. In this work we explore the consequences of assuming both source
and receiver at the same point. From the observable side, the autocorrelation is proportional to the energy density at a given point. On the other
hand, the imaginary part of the Green function at the source itself is finite because the singularity of Green function is restricted to the real part.
The energy density at a point is proportional with the trace of the imaginary part of Green function tensor at the source itself. The Green function
availability may allow establishing the theoretical energy density of a seismic diffuse field generated by a background equipartitioned excitation.
We study an elastic layer with free surface and overlaying a half space and compute the imaginary part of the Green function for various depths.
We show that the resulting spectrum is indeed closely related to the layer dynamic response and the corresponding resonant frequencies are
revealed. One implication of present findings lies in the fact that spatial variations may be useful in detecting the presence of a target by its
signature in the distribution of diffuse energy. These results may be useful in assessing the seismic response of a given site if strong ground
motions are scarce. It suffices having a reasonable illumination from micro earthquakes and noise. We consider that the imaginary part of Green
function at the source is a spectral signature of the site. The relative importance of the peaks of
159. Coordinated Control of Wave Energy Converters Subject to Motion Constraints (http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/6/475)
()
Liguo Wang
2016-06-01
Full Text Available In this paper, a generic coordinated control method for wave energy converters is proposed, and the constraints on motion
amplitudes and the hydrodynamic interaction between converters are considered. The objective of the control problem is to maximize the energy
converted from ocean waves, and this is achieved by coordinating the power take-off (PTO damping of each wave energy converter in the
frequency domain in each sea state. In a case study, a wave energy farm consisting of four converters based on the concept developed by
Uppsala University is studied. In the solution, motion constraints, including constraints on the amplitudes of displacement and velocity, are
included. Twelve months of sea states, based on measured wave data at the Lysekil test site on the Swedish west coast, are used in the
simulation to evaluate the performance of the wave energy farm using the new method. Results from the new coordinated control method and
traditional control method are compared, indicating that the coordinated control of wave energy converters is an effective way to improve the
energy production of wave energy farm in harmonic waves.
160. Damping Profile Research for Corpower Ocean's Wave Energy Converter (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od_______260::7c1872c72e52e626035e174707d34282)
()
Zhou, Tianzhi
2016-01-01
With increasing energy demanding and greenhouse gases from fossil fuel, the need to develop new ways to convert energy in sustainable
methods is becoming more and more urgent. Corpower Ocean AB designed a point absorber type wave energy converter to harvest energy from
surface wave. To maximize the energy output, phase and amplitude control of the converter are needed. Falnes and Budal proposed latching
around 1980s which could deliver almost perfect phase and thusly boost power output, howev...
10
10
11
161. Nonlinear Passive Control of a Wave Energy Converter Subject to Constraints in Irregular Waves (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=dedup_wf_001::8b772d1d88dcb2e9c8aef675095dc71d)
()
Liguo Wang; Jan Isberg

2015-01-01
This paper investigates a passive control method of a point absorbing wave energy converter by considering the displacement and velocity
constraints under irregular waves in the time domain. A linear generator is used as a power take-off unit, and the equivalent damping force is
optimized to improve the power production of the wave energy converter. The results from nonlinear and linear passive control methods are
compared, and indicate that the nonlinear passive control method leads to the e...
162. Wave Energy Budget in the Earth Radiation Belts (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.6439A)

()
Artemyev, Anton; Agapitov, Oleksiy; Mourenas, Didier; Krasnoselskikh, Vladimir; Mozer, Forest
2015-04-01
Whistlers are important electromagnetic waves pervasive in Earth's magnetosphere, where they continuously remove or energize electrons
trapped by the geomagnetic field, controlling radiation hazards to satellites and astronauts and ionization or chemical composition in the upperatmosphere. Here, we report an analysis of ten-year Cluster data, evaluating for the first time the wave energy budget in Earth's magnetosphere
and revealing that a significant fraction of the energy corresponds to hitherto generally neglected very oblique waves. Such waves, with ten times
smaller magnetic power than parallel waves, typically have similar total energy. Very oblique waves may turn out to be a crucial agent of energy
redistribution in Earth's radiation belts, controlled by solar activity.
163. Free energy in plasmas under wave-induced diffusion (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:25013228)

()
When waves propagate through a bounded plasma, the wave may be amplified or damped at the expense of the plasma kinetic energy. In many
cases of interest, the primary effect of the wave is to cause plasma diffusion in velocity and configuration space. In the absence of collisions, the
rearrangement of the plasma conserves entropy, as large-grain structures are mixed and fine-grain structures emerge. The maximum extractable
energy by waves so diffusing the plasma is a quantity of fundamental interest; it can be defined, but it is difficult to calculate. Through the
consideration of specific examples, certain strategies for maximizing energy extraction are identified
164. Modeling the Buoyancy System of a Wave Energy Power Plant (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/182804647)
()
Pedersen, Tom S.; Nielsen, Kirsten M.

2009-01-01
A nonlinear dynamic model of the buoyancy system in a wave energy power plant is presented. The plant ("Wave Dragon") is a floating device
using the potential energy in overtopping waves to produce power. A water reservoir is placed on top of the WD, and hydro turbines lead the
water to the sea...... producing electrical power. Through air chambers it is possible to control the level of the WD. It is important to control the
level in order to maximize the power production in proportion to the wave height, here the amount of overtopping water and the amount of
potential energy is conflicting. The...
165. Wave energy dissipation by intertidal sand waves on a mixed-sediment Beach (http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70028803)
()
Adams, P.; Ruggiero, P.

2006-01-01
Within the surf zone, the energy expended by wave breaking is strongly influenced by nearshore bathymetry, which is often linked to the
character and abundance of local sediments. Based upon a continuous, two year record of Argus Beach Monitoring System (ABMS) data on the
north shore of Kachemak Bay in southcentral Alaska, we model the enhancement of wave energy dissipation by the presence of intertidal sand
waves. Comparison of model results from simulations in the presence and absence of sand waves illustrates that these ephemeral morphological
features can offer significant protection to the backing beach and sea cliff through two mechanisms: (1) by moving the locus of wave breaking
seaward and (2) by increasing energy expenditure associated with the turbulence of wave breaking. Copyright ASCE 2006.
166. Hanstholm phase 2B. Offshore wave energy test 1994 - 1996 (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/464498-dtikzU/webviewable/)
()
NONE
1996-11-01
The wave power converter consists of a float 2.5 meter in diameter, connected by a rope to a seabed-mounted piston pump, installed on 25
meter deep water 2,5 km offshore Hanstholm, Denmark. The converter is designed to absorb an average maximum power of 1 kW. Measured
data in real sea conditions are compared to results based on computer simulations and previous tank testing. Losses caused by rope elasticity
and hysteresis, friction in the pump and back flow through the valves are assessed. The economic perspectives of a large wave power plant are
presented, based on a revised prototype incorporating the results and experience gained during the test period. The wave energy conversion test
`Hanstholm phase 2B` has showed, that it it technically possible to exploit the offshore wave energy resource. This source of energy could
become attractive for commercial enterprise. The wave power converter demonstrated a reliable performance over a period of nine months. It
produced energy under all wave conditions and survived storm waves of 9,6 m. A 300 MW wave power plant in the Danish part of the North sea
is estimated to produce electricity at a cost between 2,1 - 2,4 DKK/kWh. The electrical transmission to shore contribute to approximately 20% of
the cost. New data predict a potential of 23 kW per meter wave front. The energy plan Energy 21 proposed by the Danish Department of Energy,
includes a scenario incorporating wave energy in the energy system year 2030. A strategy for the development of wave energy, has been
proposed as part of the project OWEC-1 supported by the European Joule R and D programme. A proposal for future Danish initiatives to
develop second generation point absorber systems is outlined. (ARW) 29 refs.
167. Enhancement of particle-wave energy exchange by resonance sweeping (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:27049383)

()
When the resonance condition of the particle-wave interaction is varied adiabatically, the particles trapped in a wave are found to form phase
space holes or clumps that enhance the particle-wave energy exchange. This mechanism can cause increased saturation levels of instabilities
and even allow the free energy associated with instability to be tapped in a system in which background dissipation suppresses linear instability
168. Enhancement of particle-wave energy exchange by resonance sweeping (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:27030426)

()
It is shown that as the resonance condition of the particle-wave interaction is varied adiabatically, that the particles trapped in the wave will form
phase space holes or clumps that can enhance the particle-wave energy exchange. This mechanism can cause much larger saturation levels of
instabilities, and even allow the free energy associated with instability, to be tapped in a system that is linearly stable due to background
dissipation
169. Turbine Control Strategy using Wave Prediction to Optimise Power Take Off of Overtopping Wave Energy Converters
(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/1441018/Turbine_Control_Strategy_using_Wave_Prediction_to_Optimise_Power_Take_Off_of_Overtopping_Wave_Energy_Converters)
()
Tedd, James; Knapp, Wilfried; Frigaard, Peter; Kofoed, Jens Peter

2005-01-01
This paper presents the control strategy used on Wave Dragon overtopping wave energy converter. The nature of overtopping requires that for
optimum performance the water level in the reservoir must be controlled by controlling the turbine outflows. A history of the simulations performed
is included....... The concept of including an element of prediction, based on wave records a short distance in front of the Wave Dragon, is
introduced. Initial simulations indicate a possibility to increase production by 5 to 10 % with knowledge of the next five overtopping events. It is
intended to further this...... research with more computer simulations and tests on the 1:4.5 scale prototype Wave Dragon....
170. Buoy for linear wave energy converter (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?query_id=1&page=0&osti_id=1035250)

()
Gravraakmo, Halvar
2011-07-01
A wave energy converter (WEC) of point absorber type has been developed and tests have been conducted outside Lysekil. The project started
in 2002 and linear permanent magnet generators together with a subsea substation and buoys of various geometric shapes have been built and
tested. The system is based on a low number of mechanical moving parts and the power conversion from ocean waves to electricity maintaining
the quality of the national grid is handled electrically, due to the long life span of electric components. Reliability is highly prioritized in this design.
To monitor the test site, measurements of electric output are done on the generators and substation. Also measurements of acceleration in
heave mode are done on the buoy itself together with measurements of force between the buoy and the generator. The measurements are
transmitted through the public cellular network. Also a internet based camera is set up at the site to monitor the buoys of the WECs visually. The
monitoring systems, both visual and quantitative have proven to work successfully. In order for a WEC to produce electricity at competitive prices,
the generator must not be larger than necessary in order to save economically on production, transport and installation. However, the WEC must
be dimensioned to withstand harsh sea states. High added mass will in some cases create harsh inertia forces on the generator and large inertia
forces on the buoy which might shorten the life time of the system considerably. The magnitude of the unwanted forces can be reduced by taking
account for added mass when choosing a buoy geometry. A toroidal buoy is found to have less added mass than a vertical cylindrical buoy with
similar excitation force
171. Binding energy calculations using the molecular orbital wave function (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:14766887)
()
The molecular orbital wave function is used in describing the 4 N-nuclei internal wave function. Using the variational technique the binding
energies of the nuclei 12C, 16O, 20Ne and 24Mg are calculated using different Skyrm interaction parameters. Both v.m.s. radii and binding
energies obtained in this work are comparable with the corresponding experimental values. (author)
172. Toward Best Practices for Public Acceptability in Wave Energy (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186062165)
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Stefanovichu, M. A.; Chozas, Julia Fernandez

2010-01-01
At this initial stage of development, opinion toward wave energy is mainly positive. Interviews with developers, presentations about wave energy
at local community meetings, and the literature show that there are four main types of issues developers need to address when discussing their
projects ...
173. Methodology for reliability, economic and environmental assessment of wave energy (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?
orig_q=RN:26017646)
()
As part of the Preliminary Actions in Wave Energy R and D for DG XII's Joule programme, methodologies were developed to facilitate
assessment of the reliability, economics and environmental impact of wave energy. This paper outlines these methodologies, their limitations and
areas requiring further R and D. (author)
174. An Appraisal of the DEXA Wave Energy Converter (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186105305)

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Pecher, Arthur; Kofoed, Jens Peter
This report has been requested by VkstFonden and aims at giving an overview of the experimental tests and a general appraisal of the DEXA
wave energy converter (WEC). The reported results and findings were obtained during previously performed experimental tests by the Wave
Energy Research Group at...
175. Preliminary Load Estimations for DEXA Wave Energy Device - Hanstholm, Denmark
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Kofoed, Jens Peter
This report presents the results of an experimental study of the wave energy converting abilities of the DEXA wave energy converter (WEC).
DEXA is a WEC that uses its movement in matching the shape of an oncoming wave to generate power. Model tests have been performed using
a scale model, provided...... by DEXA Wave Energy ApS, in regular and irregular wave states, as described in Assessment of Wave Energy
Devices. Best Practice as used in Denmark (Frigaard et al., 2008). The length scale of the model was 1:20 compared to a full scale device
suitable fro the Danish part of the North Sea, according...... to DEXA Wave Energy ApS. The tests were carried out at Dept. of Civil Engineering,
Aalborg University (AAU) in the 3D deep water wave tank. The displacement and force applied to a power take off system, provided by DEXA
Wave Energy ApS, were measured and used for calculation of power available to the...
176. Modelling and Testing of Wave Dragon Wave Energy Converter Towards Full Scale Deployment
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Parmeggiani, Stefano
This doctoral thesis is framed into the development process of the Wave Dragon wave energy converter (WEC). Wave energy is a vast and
untapped resource with the potential of becoming an important contributor to the World energy mix, although presently its commercial exploitation
has been hindered...... by the difficulties of developers to demonstrate the technology feasibility at full-scale, first of all caused by lack of finance
of full-scale demonstration units. Although having a large potential for the cost-effective generation of clean and renewable electricity, Wave
Dragon is currently in a...... increased. This is mainly due to the development of an updated overtopping model specifically suited to Wave
Dragon, which allows greater quality to predictions of the primary energy absorption of the device compared to previous versions. At the same
time an equitable approach has been described and used in...
177. Wave energy budget analysis in the Earth's radiation belts uncovers a missing energy (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015NatCo...6E8143A)
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Artemyev, A. V.; Agapitov, O. V.; Mourenas, D.; Krasnoselskikh, V. V.; Mozer, F. S.

2015-05-01
Whistler-mode emissions are important electromagnetic waves pervasive in the Earth's magnetosphere, where they continuously remove or
energize electrons trapped by the geomagnetic field, controlling radiation hazards to satellites and astronauts and the upper-atmosphere
ionization or chemical composition. Here, we report an analysis of 10-year Cluster data, statistically evaluating the full wave energy budget in the
Earth's magnetosphere, revealing that a significant fraction of the energy corresponds to hitherto generally neglected very oblique waves. Such
waves, with 10 times smaller magnetic power than parallel waves, typically have similar total energy. Moreover, they carry up to 80% of the wave
energy involved in wave-particle resonant interactions. It implies that electron heating and precipitation into the atmosphere may have been
significantly under/over-valued in past studies considering only conventional quasi-parallel waves. Very oblique waves may turn out to be a
crucial agent of energy redistribution in the Earth's radiation belts, controlled by solar activity.
178. Wave turbulence revisited: Where does the energy flow? (http://arxiv.org/pdf/1404.1111.pdf)
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Abdurakhimov, L V; Levchenko, A A; Kolmakov, G V; Lvov, Y V

2014-01-01
Turbulence in a system of nonlinearly interacting waves is referred to as wave turbulence. It has been known since seminal work by Kolmogorov,
that turbulent dynamics is controlled by a directional energy flux through the wavelength scales. We demonstrate that an energy cascade in wave
turbulence can be bi-directional, that is, can simultaneously flow towards large and small wavelength scales from the pumping scales at which it
is injected. This observation is in sharp contrast to existing experiments and wave turbulence theory where the energy flux only flows in one
direction. We demonstrate that the bi-directional energy cascade changes the energy budget in the system and leads to formation of large-scale,
large-amplitude waves similar to oceanic rogue waves. To study surface wave turbulence, we took advantage of capillary waves on a free,
weakly charged surface of superfluid helium He-II at temperature 1.7K. Although He-II demonstrates non-classical thermomechanical effects and
quantized vorticity, waves o...
179. Wave-Packet Revivals for Quantum Systems with Nondegenerate Energies (http://cds.cern.ch/record/311490/files/9609020.pdf)
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Bluhm, R; Tudose, B; Bluhm, Robert; Kostelecky, Alan; Tudose, Bogdan
1996-01-01
The revival structure of wave packets is examined for quantum systems having energies that depend on two nondegenerate quantum numbers.
For such systems, the evolution of the wave packet is controlled by two classical periods and three revival times. These wave packets exhibit
quantum beats in the initial motion as well as new types of long-term revivals. The issue of whether fractional revivals can form is addressed. We
present an analytical proof showing that at certain times equal to rational fractions of the revival times the wave packet can reform as a sum of
subsidiary waves and that both conventional and new types of fractional revivals can occur.
180. Wave Loadings Acting on an Innovative Breakwater for Energy Production (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2282232779)
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Vicinanza, Diego; Ciardulli, F.; Buccino, M.;

2011-01-01
The paper reports on 2D small scale experiments conducted to investigate wave loadings acting on a pilot project of device for the conversion of
wave energy into electricity. The conversion concept is based on the overtopping principle and the structure is worldwide known with the acronym
SSG. The...... hydraulic model tests have been carried out at the LInC laboratory of the University of Naples Federico II using random waves.
Results indicate wave overtopping is able to cause a sudden inversion of vertical force under wave crest, so that it is alternatively upward and
downward directed over a short time...
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181. Dark energy from quantum wave function collapse of dark matter (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:41055512)
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Dynamical wave function collapse models entail the continuous liberation of a specified rate of energy arising from the interaction of a fluctuating
scalar field with the matter wave function. We consider the wave function collapse process for the constituents of dark matter in our universe.
Beginning from a particular early era of the universe chosen from physical considerations, the rate of the associated energy liberation is
integrated to yield the requisite magnitude of dark energy around the era of galaxy formation. Further, the equation of state for the liberated
energy approaches w-1 asymptotically, providing a mechanism to generate the present acceleration of the universe.
182. Enhancing Wave Energy Competitiveness through Co-Located Wind and Wave Energy Farms. A Review on the Shadow Effect
(http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/8/7/7344)
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Sharay Astariz
2015-07-01
Full Text Available Wave energy is one of the most promising alternatives to fossil fuels due to the enormous available resource; however, its
development may be slowed as it is often regarded as uneconomical. The largest cost reductions are expected to be obtained through
economies of scale and technological progress. In this sense, the incorporation of wave energy systems into offshore wind energy farms is an
opportunity to foster the development of wave energy. The synergies between both renewables can be realised through these co-located energy
farms and, thus, some challenges of offshore wind energy can be met. Among them, this paper focuses on the longer non-operational periods of
offshore wind turbinesrelative to their onshore counterpartstypically caused by delays in maintenance due to the harsh marine conditions.
Co-located wave energy converters would act as a barrier extracting energy from the waves and resulting in a shielding effect over the wind farm.
On this basis, the aim of this paper is to analyse wave energy economics in a holistic way, as well as the synergies between wave and offshore
wind energy, focusing on the shadow effect and the associated increase in the accessibility to the wind turbines.
183. Wave spectral energy variability in the northeast Pacific (http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70029381)

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Bromirski, P.D.; Cayan, D.R.; Flick, R.E.

2005-01-01
The dominant characteristics of wave energy variability in the eastern North Pacific are described from NOAA National Data Buoy Center (NDBC)
buoy data collected from 1981 to 2003. Ten buoys at distributed locations were selected for comparison based on record duration and data
continuity. Long-period (LP) [T > 12] s, intermediate-period [6 ??? T ??? 12] s, and short-period [T wave spectral energy components are
considered separately. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses of monthly wave energy anomalies reveal that all three wave energy
components exhibit similar patterns of spatial variability. The dominant mode represents coherent heightened (or diminished) wave energy along
the West Coast from Alaska to southern California, as indicated by composites of the 700 hPa height field. The second EOF mode reveals a
distinct El Nin??o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-associated spatial distribution of wave energy, which occurs when the North Pacific storm track is
extended unusually far south or has receded to the north. Monthly means and principal components (PCs) of wave energy levels indicate that the
1997-1998 El Nin??o winter had the highest basin-wide wave energy within this record, substantially higher than the 1982-1983 El Nin??o. An
increasing trend in the dominant PC of LP wave energy suggests that storminess has increased in the northeast Pacific since 1980. This trend is
emphasized at central eastern North Pacific locations. Patterns of storminess variability are consistent with increasing activity in the central North
Pacific as well as the tendency for more extreme waves in the south during El Nin??o episodes and in the north during La Nin??a. Copyright
2005 by the American Geophysical Union.
184. Experimental Study of the Weptos Wave Energy Converter (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2282232988)

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Pecher, Arthur; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Larsen, Tommy;
2012-01-01
absorbed wave energy and which is connected to a common power take off system (one for each leg). The study investigates the performance of
the device in a large range of wave states and estimates the performance in terms of mechanical power available to the power take off system of
the WEPTOS WEC for two...... loads in extreme wave conditions. This A-shaped floating structure absorbs the energy in the waves through a
multitude of rotors, the shape of which is based on the renowned Salters Duck. These rotors pivot around a common axle, one for each leg
of the structure, to which the rotors transfer the...
185. Recent Developments of Wave Energy Utilization in Denmark

(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/6321548/Recent_Developments_of_Wave_Energy_Utilization_in_Denmark)
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Kofoed, Jens Peter; Frigaard, Peter; Kramer, Morten

2006-01-01
This paper aims at giving an overview of the developments researchers at the Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University, Denmark
(DCE), have been involved in within the field of wave energy utilization in Denmark over the past decade. At first a general introduction is given
followed by a...... more thorough description of three ongoing projects. These are Wave Dragon, Wave Star and Seawave Slot-cone Generator.
Common for these projects are that they are being, or will soon be, tested in real sea and have benefited from the Danish Wave Energy Program.
The work by the department on these...
186. Establishment of Motion Model for Wave Capture Buoy and Research on Hydrodynamic Performance of Floating-Type Wave Energy Converter
(http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/pomr.2015.22.issue-s1/pomr-2015-0041/pomr-2015-0041.xml?format=INT)
()
Gao Hongtao
2015-09-01
Full Text Available Floating-type wave energy converter has the advantages of high wave energy conversion efficiency, strong shock resistance
ability in rough sea and stable output power. So it is regarded as a promising energy utilization facility. The research on hydrodynamic
performance of wave capture buoys is the precondition and key to the wave energy device design and optimization. A simplified motion model of
the buoys in the waves is established. Based on linear wave theory, the equations of motion of buoys are derived according to Newtons
second law. The factors of wave and buoys structural parameters on wave energy absorption efficiency are discussed in the Chinas Bohai
Sea with short wave period and small wave height. The results show that the main factor which affects the dynamic responses of wave capture
buoys is the proximity of the natural frequency of buoys to the wave period. And the incoming wave power takes a backseat role to it at constant
wave height. The buoys structural parameters such as length, radius and immersed depth, influence the wave energy absorption efficiency,
which play significant factors in device design. The effectiveness of this model is validated by the sea tests with small-sized wave energy devices.
The establishment methods of motion model and analysis results are expected to be helpful for designing and manufacturing of floating-type
wave energy converter.
187. Extraction of energy from gravitational waves by laser interferometer detectors (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:46049804)
()
In this paper, we discuss the energy interaction between gravitational waves and laser interferometer gravitational wave detectors. We show that
the widely held view that the laser interferometer gravitational wave detector absorbs no energy from gravitational waves is only valid under the
approximation of a frequency-independent optomechanical coupling strength and a pump laser without detuning with respect to the resonance of
the interferometer. For a strongly detuned interferometer, the optical-damping dynamics dissipates gravitational wave energy through the
interaction between the test masses and the optical field. For a non-detuned interferometer, the frequency-dependence of the optomechanical
coupling strength causes a tiny energy dissipation, which is proved to be equivalent to the Doppler friction raised by Braginsky et al. (paper)
188. Experimental Modelling of the Overtopping Flow on the Wave Dragon Wave Energy Converter
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Parmeggiani, Stefano; Kofoed, Jens Peter
place as the water is led back to the sea through a set of low-head hydro-turbines. After many years of development, Wave Dragon (WD) is now
facing the phase of pre-commercial demonstration. In this phase it is very important to be able to use the available data to predict the
performances of the device...... at different scales and locations. A flexible and comprehensive modelling tool is therefore highly required. Wave
Dragon produces power through different steps of energy conversion: 1. Primary energy conversion: overtopping The energy content of the
wave (partly in the kinetic and partly in the...
189. Optimal Discrete PTO Force Point Absorber Wave Energy Converters in Regular Waves
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Hansen, Anders Hedegaard; Pedersen, Henrik C.

2013-01-01
For ocean wave energy converters (WECs) to become a cost-effective alternative in the energy production system a large increase in the
conversion efficiency is needed. Fluid power technology is the leading technology for the Power Take- Off (PTO) system of wave energy
converters. However the...... of discrete force systems for PTO, by focusing on how to choose the optimal PTO force levels and force profile
when seeking to increase energy harvesting. The work concerns point absorber WECs and utilises a simple float model based on linear wave
theory. Utilising the principle of superposition and...... the Laplace transform a solution of the float movement is found when subjected an
incoming wave and a discrete PTO force. Finally an optimisation leads to the force profile implying the highest harvested energy....
190. Life cycle assessment of the wave energy converter: Wave Dragon (http://orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/3711218/WaveDragon.pdf)
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Hans Chr., Srensen; Stefan, Naef; Stefan, Anderberg;
Any power production technology should be able to demonstrate that it's able to comply with current and future environmental regulation and that
it demonstrates a considerable surplus in the energy balance being a part of the entire power system. This means that the energy used
throughout all the...... lifecycle stages; from provision of materials over manufacturing of components and assembly, to deployment and use and
eventually the disposal stage, is considerably less than the energy produced by the devise during its use/production stage....
191. Electricity from wave and tide an introduction to marine energy (http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1596317)
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Lynn, Paul A
2014-01-01
This is a concise yet technically authoritative overview of modern marine energy devices with the goal of sustainable electricity generation. With
165 full-colour illustrations and photographs of devices at an advanced stage, the book provides inspiring case studies of today's most promising
marine energy devices and developments, including full-scale grid-connected prototypes tested in sea conditions. It also covers the European
Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) in Orkney, Scotland, where many of the devices are assessed. Topics discussed: global resources - drawing
energy from the World's waves and tides history of wave and tidal stream systems theoretical background to modern developments conversion of
marine energy into grid electricity modern wave energy converters and tidal stream energy converters. This book is aimed at a wide readership
including professionals, policy makers and employees in the energy sector needing an introduction to marine energy. Its descriptive style and
technical level will also appea...
192. Analysis of Waves in the Near-Field of Wave Energy Converter Arrays through Stereo Video
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMOS11C1657B)
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Black, C.; Haller, M. C.

2013-12-01
Oregon State University conducted a series of laboratory experiments to measure and quantify the near-field wave effects caused within arrays
of 3 and 5 Wave Energy Converters (WEC). As the waves and WECs interact, significant scattering and radiation occurs increasing/decreasing
the wave heights as well as changing the direction the wave is traveling. These effects may vary based on the number of WECs within an array
and their respective locations. The findings of this analysis will assist in selecting the WEC farm location and in improving WEC design. Analyzing
the near-field waves will help determine the relative importance of absorption, scattering, and radiation as a function of the incident wave
conditions and device performance. The WEC mooring system design specifications may also be impacted if the wave heights in the near-field
are greater than expected. It is imperative to fully understand the near-field waves before full-scale WEC farms can be installed. Columbia Power
Technologies' Manta served as the test WEC prototype on a 1 to 33 scale. Twenty-three wave gages measured the wave heights in both regular
and real sea conditions at locations surrounding and within the WEC arrays. While these gages give a good overall picture of the water elevation
behavior, it is difficult to resolve the complicated wave field within the WEC array using point gages. Here stereo video techniques are applied to
extract the 3D water surface elevations at high resolution in order to reconstruct the multi-directional wave field in the near-field of the WEC array.
The video derived wave information will also be compared against the wave gage data.
193. Numerical Modeling of a Wave Energy Point Absorber

(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/18649782/Numerical_Modeling_of_a_Wave_Energy_Point_Absorber)
()
Hernandez, Lorenzo Banos; Frigaard, Peter; Kirkegaard, Poul Henning
The present study deals with numerical modelling of the Wave Star Energy WSE device. Hereby, linear potential theory is applied via a BEM
code on the wave hydrodynamics exciting the floaters. Time and frequency domain solutions of the floater response are determined for regular
and irregular seas....... Furthermore, these results are used to estimate the power and the energy absorbed by a single oscillating floater. Finally,
a latching control strategy is analysed in open-loop configuration for energy maximization....
194. Experimental Modeling of the Overtopping Flow on the Wave Dragon Wave Energy Converter
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Parmeggiani, Stefano; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Friis-Madsen, Erik

2011-01-01
The Wave Dragon Wave Energy Converter is currently facing a precommercial phase. At this stage of development a reliable overtopping model
is highly required, in order to predict the performance of the device at possible deployment locations. A model formulation derived for an
overtopping device...
195. Wave Energy Resource along the Coast of Santa Catarina (Brazil (http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/8/12/12423)
()
Pasquale Contestabile
2015-12-01
Full Text Available Brazil has one of the largest electricity markets in South America, which needs to add 6000 MW of capacity every year in
order to satisfy growing the demand from an increasing and more prosperous population. Apart from biomass, no other renewable energy
sources, besides hydroelectricity, play a relevant role in the energy mix. The potential for wind and wave energy is very large. Brazil's Santa
Catarina state government is starting a clean energy program in the state, which is expected to bring more than 1 GW of capacity. Assessment of
wave energy resources is needed along the coastline. This work studied the potential wave energy along the north-central coasts of Santa
Catarina, in Southern Brazil, by analysis of the hindcast data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF. The
annual offshore wave power was found to be equal to 15.25 kW/m, the bulk of which is provided by southeastern waves. The nearshore
energetic patterns were studied by means of a numerical coastal propagation model (Mike21 SW. The mean wave power of 20 m isobaths is
11.43 kW/m. Supplementary considerations are drawn on realistic perspectives for wave energy converters installations.
196. Response and energy dissipation of rock under stochastic stress waves (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?
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DENG Jian; BIAN Li

2007-01-01
The response and energy dissipation of rock under stochastic stress waves were analyzed based on dynamic fracture criterion of brittle materials
integrating with Fourier transform methods of spectral analysis When the stochastic stress waves transnut through rocks,the frequency and
energy ratio of harmonic components were calculated by analytical and discrete analysis methods.The stress waves in shale, malmstone and
liparite were taken as examples to illustrate the proposed analysis methods.The results show the harder the rock, the less absorption of
energy,the more the useless elastic waves transmitting through rock, and the narrower the cutoff frequency to fracture rock.When the whole
stress energy doubles either by doubling the duration time or byincreasing the amplitude of stress wave, ratio of the energy of elastic waves
transmitting through rock to me whole stress energy (i.e.energy dissipation ratio)is decreased to 10%-15%. When doubling the duration time.the
cutoff frequency to fracture rock remains constant.However, with the increase of the amplitude of stress wave. the cutoff frequency increases
accordingly.
197. Deployment Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Technologies: Wave Energy Scenarios (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/1013426/)
()
Mirko Previsic
2010-06-17
Given proper care in siting, design, deployment, operation and maintenance, wave energy conversion could become one of the more
environmentally benign sources of electricity generation. In order to accelerate the adoption of these emerging hydrokinetic and marine energy
technologies, navigational and environmental concerns must be identified and addressed. All developing hydrokinetic projects involve a wide
variety of stakeholders. One of the key issues that site developers face as they engage with this range of stakeholders is that, due to a lack of
technical certainty, many of the possible conflicts (e.g., shipping and fishing) and environmental issues are not well-understood,. In September
2008, re vision consulting, LLC was selected by the Department of Energy (DoE) to apply a scenario-based assessment to the emerging
hydrokinetic technology sector in order to evaluate the potential impact of these technologies on the marine environment and navigation
constraints. The projects scope of work includes the establishment of baseline scenarios for wave and tidal power conversion at potential
future deployment sites. The scenarios capture variations in technical approaches and deployment scales to properly identify and characterize
environmental effects and navigational effects. The goal of the project is to provide all stakeholders with an improved understanding of the
potential range of technical attributes and potential effects of these emerging technologies and focus all stakeholders on the critical issues that
need to be addressed. By identifying and addressing navigational and environmental concerns in the early stages of the industrys
development, serious mistakes that could potentially derail industry-wide development can be avoided. This groundwork will also help in
streamlining siting and associated permitting processes, which are considered key hurdles for the industrys development in the U.S. today.
Re vision is coordinating its efforts with two
198. Recent Developments of Wave Energy Utilization in Denmark (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=od______1266::053febf19a09f24e04eaf2ad98581a3b)
()
Kofoed, Jens Peter; Frigaard, Peter; Kramer, Morten

2006-01-01
This paper aims at giving an overview of the developments researchers at the Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University, Denmark
(DCE), have been involved in within the field of wave energy utilization in Denmark over the past decade. At first a general introduction is given
followed by a more thorough description of three ongoing projects. These are Wave Dragon, Wave Star and Seawave Slot-cone Generator.
Common for these projects are that they are being, or will soon be, tested in r...
199. Wave energy potential: A forecasting system for the Mediterranean basin (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:47077794)
()
ENEA is performing ocean wave modeling activities with the aim of both characterizing the Italian sea energy resource and providing the
information necessary for the experimental at sea and operational phases of energy converters. Therefore a forecast system of sea waves and of
the associated energy available has been developed and has been operatively running since June 2013. The forecasts are performed over the
entire Mediterranean basin and, at a higher resolution, over ten sub-basins around the Italian coasts. The forecast system is here described
along with the validation of the wave heights, performed by comparing them with the measurements from satellite sensors.
200. Interaction of two walkers: Wave-mediated energy and force (http://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.7701.pdf)

()
Borghesi, Christian; Labousse, Matthieu; Eddi, Antonin; Fort, Emmanuel; Couder, Yves
2014-01-01
A bouncing droplet, self-propelled by its interaction with the waves it generates, forms a classical wave-particle association called a "walker."
Previous works have demonstrated that the dynamics of a single walker is driven by its global surface wave field that retains information on its
past trajectory. Here, we investigate the energy stored in this wave field for two coupled walkers and how it conveys an interaction between them.
For this purpose, we characterize experimentally the "promenade modes" where two walkers are bound, and propagate together. Their possible
binding distances take discrete values, and the velocity of the pair depends on their mutual binding. The mean parallel motion can be either
rectilinear or oscillating. The experimental results are recovered analytically with a simple theoretical framework. A relation between the kinetic
energy of the droplets and the total energy of the standing waves is established.
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201. Structural Modeling and Analysis of a Wave Energy Converter (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186072210)

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Zurkinden, Andrew Stephen; Lambertsen, Sren Heide; Damkilde, Lars

2012-01-01
A fatigue analysis is being carried out for a wave energy converter subjected to ocean wave loads. The device is a bottom fixed structure, located
in a shallow water environment. Interest is focused on the local stress response of a structural detail and a subsequent calculation of its fatigue
life...... by using the rainflow counting approach. The wave energy converter is characterized by its ability to enter in a storm protection mode
which - whenever extreme conditions occur - will drastically reduce the exposure to wave loads. The predicted fatigue life is calculated for two
different control...... cases. Finally the question will be answered which control strategy is more favorable regarding the trade off between fatigue
damage reduction and power production on the wave energy device....
202. Catching the right wave: evaluating wave energy resources and potential compatibility with existing marine and coastal uses.
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23144824)
()
Kim, Choong-Ki; Toft, Jodie E; Papenfus, Michael; Verutes, Gregory; Guerry, Anne D; Ruckelshaus, Marry H; Arkema, Katie K; Guannel,
Gregory; Wood, Spencer A; Bernhardt, Joanna R; Tallis, Heather; Plummer, Mark L; Halpern, Benjamin S; Pinsky, Malin L; Beck, Michael W;
Chan, Francis; Chan, Kai M A; Levin, Phil S; Polasky, Stephen
2012-01-01
Many hope that ocean waves will be a source for clean, safe, reliable and affordable energy, yet wave energy conversion facilities may affect
marine ecosystems through a variety of mechanisms, including competition with other human uses. We developed a decision-support tool to
assist siting wave energy facilities, which allows the user to balance the need for profitability of the facilities with the need to minimize conflicts
with other ocean uses. Our wave energy model quantifies harvestable wave energy and evaluates the net present value (NPV) of a wave energy
facility based on a capital investment analysis. The model has a flexible framework and can be easily applied to wave energy projects at local,
regional, and global scales. We applied the model and compatibility analysis on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada to
provide information for ongoing marine spatial planning, including potential wave energy projects. In particular, we conducted a spatial overlap
analysis with a variety of existing uses and ecological characteristics, and a quantitative compatibility analysis with commercial fisheries data. We
found that wave power and harvestable wave energy gradually increase offshore as wave conditions intensify. However, areas with high
economic potential for wave energy facilities were closer to cable landing points because of the cost of bringing energy ashore and thus in
nearshore areas that support a number of different human uses. We show that the maximum combined economic benefit from wave energy and
other uses is likely to be realized if wave energy facilities are sited in areas that maximize wave energy NPV and minimize conflict with existing
ocean uses. Our tools will help decision-makers explore alternative locations for wave energy facilities by mapping expected wave energy NPV
and helping to identify sites that provide maximal returns yet avoid spatial competition with existing ocean uses. PMID:23144824
203. Catching the right wave: evaluating wave energy resources and potential compatibility with existing marine and coastal uses.
(http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3492388?pdf=render)
()
Choong-Ki Kim
Full Text Available Many hope that ocean waves will be a source for clean, safe, reliable and affordable energy, yet wave energy conversion
facilities may affect marine ecosystems through a variety of mechanisms, including competition with other human uses. We developed a
decision-support tool to assist siting wave energy facilities, which allows the user to balance the need for profitability of the facilities with the need
to minimize conflicts with other ocean uses. Our wave energy model quantifies harvestable wave energy and evaluates the net present value
(NPV of a wave energy facility based on a capital investment analysis. The model has a flexible framework and can be easily applied to wave
energy projects at local, regional, and global scales. We applied the model and compatibility analysis on the west coast of Vancouver Island,
British Columbia, Canada to provide information for ongoing marine spatial planning, including potential wave energy projects. In particular, we
conducted a spatial overlap analysis with a variety of existing uses and ecological characteristics, and a quantitative compatibility analysis with
commercial fisheries data. We found that wave power and harvestable wave energy gradually increase offshore as wave conditions intensify.
However, areas with high economic potential for wave energy facilities were closer to cable landing points because of the cost of bringing energy
ashore and thus in nearshore areas that support a number of different human uses. We show that the maximum combined economic benefit from
wave energy and other uses is likely to be realized if wave energy facilities are sited in areas that maximize wave energy NPV and minimize
conflict with existing ocean uses. Our tools will help decision-makers explore alternative locations for wave energy facilities by mapping expected
wave energy NPV and helping to identify sites that provide maximal returns yet avoid spatial competition with existing ocean uses.
204. Wave energy driven resonant sea water pump (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?query_id=1&page=0&osti_id=449726)

()
Czitrom, S.P.R. [UNAM, Mexico City (Mexico). Inst. de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia
1996-12-31
A wave driven sea-water pump which operates by resonance is described. Oscillations in the resonant and exhaust ducts perform similar to two
mass-spring systems coupled by a third spring acting for the compression chamber. Performance of the pump is optimized by means of a
variable volume air compression chamber (patents pending) which tunes the system to the incoming wave frequency. Wave tank experiments
with an instrumented, 1:20 scale model of the pump are described. Performance was studied under various wave and tuning conditions and
compared to a numerical model which was found to describe the system accurately. Successful sea trials at an energetic coastline provide
evidence of the system`s viability under demanding conditions.
205. Short term wave forecasting, using digital filters, for improved control of Wave Energy Converters (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?
()
Tedd, J.; Frigaard, P. [Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg (Denmark)
2007-07-01
This paper presents a Digital Filter method for real time prediction of waves incident upon a Wave Energy device. The method transforms waves
measured at a point ahead of the device, to expected waves incident on the device. The relationship between these incident waves and power
capture is derived experimentally. Results are shown form measurements taken on the Wave Dragon prototype device, a floating overtopping
device situated in Northern Denmark. In this case the method is able to accurately predict the surface elevation at the device 11.2 seconds
before the measurement is made. This is sufficient to allow advanced control systems to be developed using this knowledge to significantly
improve power capture.
206. Energy and Momentum of a Class of Rotating Gravitational Waves (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=od________18::f8a6b8c41a9a712d4ecabec8d0df51a4)
()
Sharif, M.
2001-01-01
We calculate energy and momentum for a class of cylindrical rotating gravitational waves using Einstein and Papapetrou's prescriptions. It is
shown that the results obtained are reduced to the special case of the cylindrical gravitational waves already available in the literature.
207. Model Predictive Control of a Wave Energy Converter (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2282395185)

()
Andersen, Palle; Pedersen, Tom Sndergrd; Nielsen, Kirsten Mlgaard;

2015-01-01
In this paper reactive control and Model Predictive Control (MPC) for a Wave Energy Converter (WEC) are compared. The analysis is based on a
WEC from Wave Star A/S designed as a point absorber. The model predictive controller uses wave models based on the dominating sea states
combined with a model...... connecting undisturbed wave sequences to sequences of torque. Losses in the conversion from mechanical to
electrical power are taken into account in two ways. Conventional reactive controllers are tuned for each sea state with the assumption that the
converter has the same efficiency back and forth. MPC...
208. Catching the Right Wave: Evaluating Wave Energy Resources and Potential Compatibility with Existing Marine and Coastal Uses
(https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=od_______908::ec2e2113c3c4e2936a94132c81ac0726)
()
Kim, Choong-Ki; Toft, Jodie E.; Papenfus, Michael; Verutes, Gregory; Guerry, Anne D.; Ruckelshaus, Marry H.; Arkema, Katie K.; Guannel,
Gregory; Wood, Spencer A; Bernhardt, Joanna R.; Tallis, Heather; Mark L. Plummer; Halpern, Benjamin S.; Pinsky, Malin L.; Beck, Michael W.
2012-01-01
Many hope that ocean waves will be a source for clean, safe, reliable and affordable energy, yet wave energy conversion facilities may affect
marine ecosystems through a variety of mechanisms, including competition with other human uses. We developed a decision-support tool to
assist siting wave energy facilities, which allows the user to balance the need for profitability of the facilities with the need to minimize conflicts
with other ocean uses. Our wave energy model quantifies harvestable...
209. Internal wave energy radiated from a turbulent mixed layer (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?query_id=1&page=0&osti_id=22311057)
()
Munroe, James R., E-mail: jmunroe@mun.ca [Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St.
John' s, Newfoundland A1B 3X7 (Canada); Sutherland, Bruce R., E-mail: bsuther@ualberta.ca [Departments of Physics and Earth and
Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3 (Canada)
2014-09-15
We examine mixed-layer deepening and the generation of internal waves in stratified fluid resulting from turbulence that develops in response to
an applied surface stress. In laboratory experiments the stress is applied over the breadth of a finite-length tank by a moving roughened conveyor
belt. The turbulence in the shear layer is characterized using particle image velocimetry to measure the kinetic energy density. The internal
waves are measured using synthetic schlieren to determine their amplitudes, frequencies, and energy density. We also perform fully nonlinear
numerical simulations restricted to two dimensions but in a horizontally periodic domain. These clearly demonstrate that internal waves are
generated by transient eddies at the integral length scale of turbulence and which translate with the background shear along the base of the
mixed layer. In both experiments and simulations we find that the energy density of the generated waves is 1%3% of the turbulent kinetic
energy density of the turbulent layer.
210. Plan for the Brent Spar. Wind and wave energy converter (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:28025508)
()
In a competition on the future of the much discussed oil platform Brent Spar of Shell the idea to retrofit the platform into a combined wind/wave
energy converter appears to be an attractive option for Shell
211. Concept Study of Foundation Systems for Wave Energy Converters

(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/68588123/Concept_Study_of_Foundation_Systems_for_Wave_Energy_Converters.pdf)
()
Molina, Salvador Devant; Vaitkunaite, Evelina; Ibsen, Lars Bo
Analysis of possible foundation solution for Wave Energy Converters (WEC) is presented by investigating and optimizing novel foundation
systems recently developed for offshore wind turbines. Gravity based, pile and bucket foundations are innovative foundation systems that are
analyzed. Concept...
212. Energy conversion of orbital motions in gravitational waves: Simulation and test of the Seaspoon wave energy converter
(http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:46103252)
()
Highlights: We investigate an innovative wave energy converter. We study a robust technology derived from wind power sector. We
increased the performance of a drag type rotor exploiting the motion of ocean waves and a simple flat plate component. We proved the
working principle with a numerical model first and with experimental test in wave flume later. We aim to obtain a robust large energy
harvester able to operate in mild energy sea and with an extended operating range. - Abstract: The conversion of ocean wave power into
sustainable electrical power represents a major opportunity to Nations endowed with such a kind of resource. At the present time the most of the
technological innovations aiming at converting such resources are at early stage of development, with only a handful of devices close to be at the
commercial demonstration stage. The Seaspoon device, thought as a large energy harvester, catches the kinetic energy of ocean waves with
promising conversion efficiency, and robust technology, according to specific wave-motion climate. University of Genoa aims to develop a
prototype to be deployed in medium average energy content seas (i.e. Mediterranean or Eastern Asia seas). This paper presents the first
simulation and experimental results carried out on a reduced scale proof-of-concept model tested in the laboratory wave flume
213. Energy Contents of Gravitational Waves in Teleparallel Gravity (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=od________18::3c3eac19ed70dc09b324ea2652d502ee)
()
Sharif, M.; Taj, Sumaira

2009-01-01
The conserved quantities, that are, gravitational energy-momentum and its relevant quantities are investigated for cylindrical and spherical
gravitational waves in the framework of teleparallel equivalent of General Relativity using the Hamiltonian approach. For both cylindrical and
spherical gravitational waves, we obtain definite energy and constant momentum. The constant momentum shows consistency with the results
available in General Relativity and teleparallel gravity. The angular moment...
214. Reliability-Based Structural Optimization of Wave Energy Converters (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=dedup_wf_001::a8842702bdd0a8e1dd7a6d46304411b3)
()
Simon Ambhl; Morten Kramer; John Dalsgaard Srensen

2014-01-01
More and more wave energy converter (WEC) concepts are reaching prototypelevel. Once the prototype level is reached, the next step in order
to further decrease thelevelized cost of energy (LCOE) is optimizing the overall system with a focus on structuraland maintenance (inspection)
costs, as well as on the harvested power from the waves.The target of a fully-developed WEC technology is not maximizing its power output,but
minimizing the resulting LCOE. This paper presents a methodology to opti...
215. Experimental results from the operation of aggregated wave energy converters (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od_______361::c52a002063ca051343dfcbf6a0184918)
()
Rahm, Magnus; Svensson, Olle; Bostrm, Cecilia; Waters, Rafael; Leijon, Mats
2012-01-01
Wave energy comes in pulses and is unsuitable for direct conversion and transmission to the grid. One method to smooth the power is to deploy
arrays of wave energy converters (WECs), the geometrical layout and damping optimisation of which many have studied analytically and
numerically, but very few by experiments at sea. In this study, the standard deviation of electrical power as function of various parameters is
investigated. Two offshore experiments have been conducted. During the longer ...
216. Numerical Simulation of Wake Effects in the Lee of a Farm of Wave Dragon Wave Energy Converters
()
Beels, C.; Troch, P.; De Visch, K.; De Backer, G.; De Rouck, J.; Kofoed, Jens Peter
The contribution of wave energy to the renewable energy supply is rising. To extract a considerable amount of wave power,Wave Energy
Converters (WECs) are arranged in several rows or in a farm'. The wake behind each individual WEC in the farm affects the power absorption
of its neighbouring WECs...
217. Experimental study of breaking and energy dissipation in surface waves (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014APS..DFDL16008R)
()
Ruiz Chavarria, Gerardo; Le Gal, Patrice; Le Bars, Michael

2014-11-01
We present an experimental study of the evolution of monochromatic waves produced by a parabolic wave maker. Because of the parabolic
shape of the wave front, the waves exhibit spatial focusing and their amplitude dramatically increases over distances of a few wavelengths.
Unlike linear waves, the amplitude of the free surface deformation cannot exceed a certain threshold and when this happens the waves break. In
order to give a criterion for the appearance of breaking, we calculate the steepness defined as = H/ (where H is the wave height and their
wavelength) for waves of frequencies in the range 4-10 Hz. We found that wave breaking develops when attains approximately a value of
0.10. We also evaluate the lost of energy carried by the waves during their breaking by a detailed and accurate measurement of their amplitude
using an optical Fourier transform profilometry. G. Ruiz Chavarria acknowledges DGAPA-UNAM by support under Project IN 116312 (Vorticidad
y ondas no lineales en fluidos).
218. Simulation of coastal wave spectra energy from ENVISAT satellite data (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:47050801)
()
In the last two decades, scientists have developed several powerful techniques to retrieve energy from natural sources such as a sun radiations,
oceans and winds. This study is aimed at stimulating wave energy from large scale synthetic aperture radar (SAR) during different monsoon
periods. In doing so, the nonlinear velocity bunching algorithm is used to retrieve the information of ocean wave spectra parameters such as
significant wave height, directions, and energy on offshore, midshore, and onshore. Therefore, the maximum peak of the wave energy spectra
density of 1.4 m2 s has occurred during northeast monsoon period. It is clear that the mid-shore and onshore has the highest peak of 0.8 and
1.37 m2 s, respectively as compared to offshore. In conclusions, a nonlinear algorithm of velocity bunching can be used to retrieve the significant
wave height from synthetic aperture radar (SAR). In addition, SAR can be used to map the distribution of ocean wave spectra energy and
determined the potential energy zone in Malaysia coastal waters
219. Thermal effects on parallel resonance energy of whistler mode wave (http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/article/pram/066/02/0467-0472)
()
Devendraa Siingh; Shubha Singh; R P Singh

2006-02-01
In this short communication, we have evaluated the effect of thermal velocity of the plasma particles on the energy of resonantly interacting
energetic electrons with the propagating whistler mode waves as a function of wave frequency and -value for the normal and disturbed
magnetospheric conditions. During the disturbed conditions when the magnetosphere is depleted in electron density, the resonance energy of the
electron enhances by an order of magnitude at higher latitudes, whereas the effect is small at low latitudes. An attempt is made to explain the
enhanced wave activity observed during magnetic storm periods.
220. Equilibrium shoreline response of a high wave energy beach (http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70034136)

()
Yates, M.L.; Guza, R.T.; O'Reilly, W. C.; Hansen, J.E.; Barnard, P.L.
2011-01-01
Four years of beach elevation surveys at Ocean Beach, San Francisco, California, are used to extend an existing equilibrium shoreline change
model, previously calibrated with fine sand and moderate energy waves, to medium sand and higher-energy waves. The shoreline, characterized
as the cross-shore location of the mean high water contour, varied seasonally by between 30 and 60 m, depending on the alongshore location.
The equilibrium shoreline change model relates the rate of horizontal shoreline displacement to the hourly wave energy E and the wave energy
disequilibrium, the difference between E and the equilibrium wave energy that would cause no change in the present shoreline location. Values
for the model shoreline response coefficients are tuned to fit the observations in 500 m alongshore segments and averaged over segments
where the model has good skill and the estimated effects of neglected alongshore sediment transport are relatively small. Using these
representative response coefficients for 0.3 mm sand from Ocean Beach and driving the model with much lower-energy winter waves observed
at San Onofre Beach (also 0.3 mm sand) in southern California, qualitatively reproduces the small seasonal shoreline fluctuations at San Onofre.
This consistency suggests that the shoreline model response coefficients depend on grain size and may be constant, and thus transportable,
between sites with similar grain size and different wave climates. The calibrated model response coefficients predict that for equal fluctuations in
wave energy, changes in shoreline location on a medium-grained (0.3 mm) beach are much smaller than on a previously studied fine-grained
(0.2 mm) beach. Copyright ?? 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.
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221. Wave (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=od______1266::12a5685418e88bc97f7b8507ef6e9071)

()
Ibsen, Lars Bo
2008-01-01
Estimates for the amount of potential wave energy in the world range from 1-10 TW. The World Energy Council estimates that a potential 2TW of
energy is available from the worlds oceans, which is the equivalent of twice the worlds electricity production. Whilst the recoverable
resource is many times smaller it remains very high. For example, whilst there is enough potential wave power off the UK to supply the electricity
demands several times over, the economically recoverable resource for t...
222. Wave (http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/50839429/The_World_Offshore_Renewable_Energy_Report_2004_2008_WD_part.pdf)

()
Ibsen, Lars Bo
2008-01-01
Estimates for the amount of potential wave energy in the world range from 1-10 TW. The World Energy Council estimates that a potential 2TW of
energy is available from the worlds oceans, which is the equivalent of twice the worlds electricity production. Whilst the recoverable
resource is many...... times smaller it remains very high. For example, whilst there is enough potential wave power off the UK to supply the
electricity demands several times over, the economically recoverable resource for the UK is estimated at 25% of current demand; a lot less, but a
very substantial amount nonetheless....
223. Wave energy converter effects on wave propagation: A sensitivity study in Monterey Bay, CA
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMOS21F..06C)
()
Chang, G.; Jones, C. A.; Roberts, J.; Magalen, J.; Ruehl, K.; Chartrand, C.
2014-12-01
The development of renewable offshore energy in the United States is growing rapidly and wave energy is one of the largest resources currently
being evaluated. The deployment of wave energy converter (WEC) arrays required to harness this resource could feasibly number in the
hundreds of individual devices. The WEC arrays have the potential to alter nearshore wave propagation and circulation patterns and ecosystem
processes. As the industry progresses from pilot- to commercial-scale it is important to understand and quantify the effects of WECs on the
natural nearshore processes that support a local, healthy ecosystem. To help accelerate the realization of commercial-scale wave power,
predictive modeling tools have been developed and utilized to evaluate the likelihood of environmental impact. At present, direct measurements
of the effects of different types of WEC arrays on nearshore wave propagation are not available; therefore wave model simulations provide the
groundwork for investigations of the sensitivity of model results to prescribed WEC characteristics over a range of anticipated wave conditions.
The present study incorporates a modified version of an industry standard wave modeling tool, SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore), to
simulate wave propagation through a hypothetical WEC array deployment site on the California coast. The modified SWAN, referred to as SNLSWAN, incorporates device-specific WEC power take-off characteristics to more accurately evaluate a WEC device's effects on wave
propagation. The primary objectives were to investigate the effects of a range of WEC devices and device and array characteristics (e.g., device
spacing, number of WECs in an array) on nearshore wave propagation using SNL-SWAN model simulations. Results showed that significant
wave height was most sensitive to variations in WEC device type and size and the number of WEC devices in an array. Locations in the lee
centerline of the arrays in each modeled scenario showed the
224. On the dynamics of a novel ocean wave energy converter (http://repository.kaust.edu.sa/kaust/handle/10754/599050)

()
Orazov, B.
2010-11-01
Buoy-type ocean wave energy converters are designed to exhibit resonant responses when subject to excitation by ocean waves. A novel
excitation scheme is proposed which has the potential to improve the energy harvesting capabilities of these converters. The scheme uses the
incident waves to modulate the mass of the device in a manner which amplifies its resonant response. To illustrate the novel excitation scheme, a
simple one-degree of freedom model is developed for the wave energy converter. This model has the form of a switched linear system. After the
stability regime of this system has been established, the model is then used to show that the excitation scheme improves the power harvesting
capabilities by 2565 percent even when amplitude restrictions are present. It is also demonstrated that the sensitivity of the device\\'s power
harvesting capabilities to changes in damping becomes much smaller when the novel excitation scheme is used. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
reserved.
225. The Force of a Tsunami on a Wave Energy Converter (http://arxiv.org/pdf/1209.1889.pdf)

()
O'Brien, Laura; Renzi, Emiliano; Dutykh, Denys; Dias, Frdric

2012-01-01
With an increasing emphasis on renewable energy resources, wave power technology is fast becoming a realistic solution. However, the recent
tsunami in Japan was a harsh reminder of the ferocity of the ocean. It is known that tsunamis are nearly undetectable in the open ocean but as
the wave approaches the shore its energy is compressed creating large destructive waves. The question posed here is whether a nearshore
wave energy converter (WEC) could withstand the force of an incoming tsunami. The analytical 3D model of Renzi & Dias (2012) developed
within the framework of a linear theory and applied to an array of fixed plates is used. The time derivative of the velocity potential allows the
hydrodynamic force to be calculated.
226. The environmental interactions of tidal and wave energy generation devices (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:44019316)
()
Global energy demand continues to grow and tidal and wave energy generation devices can provide a significant source of renewable energy.
Technological developments in offshore engineering and the rising cost of traditional energy means that offshore energy resources will be
economic in the next few years. While there is now a growing body of data on the ecological impacts of offshore wind farms, the scientific basis
on which to make informed decisions about the environmental effects of other offshore energy developments is lacking. Tidal barrages have the
potential to cause significant ecological impacts particularly on bird feeding areas when they are constructed at coastal estuaries or bays.
Offshore tidal stream energy and wave energy collectors offer the scope for developments at varying scales. They also have the potential to alter
habitats. A diversity of designs exist, including floating, mid-water column and seabed mounted devices, with a variety of moving-part
configurations resulting in a unique complex of potential environmental effects for each device type, which are discussed to the extent possible. Highlights: We review the environmental impacts of tidal barrages and fences, tidal stream farms and wave energy capture devices.
Impacts on habitats, species and the water column, and effects of noise and electromagnetic fields are considered. Tidal barrages can cause
significant impacts on bird feeding areas when constructed at coastal estuaries or bays. Wave energy collectors can alter water column and
sea bed habitats locally and over large distances.
227. A Method for EIA Scoping of Wave Energy Converters

(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/62870427/A_Method_for_EIA_Scoping_of_Wave_Energy_Converters.pdf)
()
Margheritini, Lucia; Hansen, Anne Merrild; Frigaard, Peter

2012-01-01
During the first decade of the 21st Century the World faces spread concern for global warming caused by rise of green house gasses produced
mainly by combustion of fossil fuels. Under this latest spin all renewable energies run parallel in order to achieve sustainable development.
Among them wave...... energy has an unequivocal potential and technology is ready to enter the market and contribute to the renewable energy
sector. Yet, frameworks and regulations for wave energy development are not fully ready, experiencing a setback caused by lack of
understanding of the interaction of the technologies and....... This paper presents the development of a classification of wave energy converters
that is based on the different impact the technologies are expected to have on the environment. This innovative classification can be used in
order to simplify the scoping process for developers and authorities....
228. Buoy and Generator Interaction with Ocean Waves: Studies of a Wave Energy Conversion System (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?
()
Lindroth, Simon
2011-07-01
On March 13th, 2006, the Div. of Electricity at Uppsala Univ. deployed its first wave energy converter, L1, in the ocean southwest of Lysekil. L1
consisted of a buoy at the surface, connected through a line to a linear generator on the seabed. Since the deployment, continuous investigations
of how L1 works in the waves have been conducted, and several additional wave energy converters have been deployed. This thesis is based on
ten publications, which focus on different aspects of the interaction between wave, buoy, and generator. In order to evaluate different
measurement systems, the motion of the buoy was measured optically and using accelerometers, and compared to measurements of the motion
of the movable part of the generator - the translator. These measurements were found to correlate well. Simulations of buoy and translator
motion were found to match the measured values. The variation of performance of L1 with changing water levels, wave heights, and spectral
shapes was also investigated. Performance is here defined as the ratio of absorbed power to incoming power. It was found that the performance
decreases for large wave heights. This is in accordance with the theoretical predictions, since the area for which the stator and the translator
overlap decreases for large translator motions. Shifting water levels were predicted to have the same effect, but this could not be seen as clearly.
The width of the wave energy spectrum has been proposed by some as a factor that also affects the performance of a wave energy converter, for
a set wave height and period. Therefore the relation between performance and several different parameters for spectral width was investigated. It
was found that some of the parameters were in fact correlated to performance, but that the correlation was not very strong. As a background on
ocean measurements in wave energy, a thorough literature review was conducted. It turns out that the Lysekil project is one of quite few projects
that
229. A Review of Wave-to-Wire Models for Wave Energy Converters (http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/7/506)

()
Markel Penalba
2016-06-01
Full Text Available Control of wave energy converters (WECs has been very often limited to hydrodynamic control to absorb the maximum
energy possible from ocean waves. This generally ignores or significantly simplifies the performance of real power take-off (PTO systems.
However, including all the required dynamics and constraints in the control problem may considerably vary the control strategy and the power
output. Therefore, this paper considers the incorporation into the model of all the conversion stages from ocean waves to the electricity network,
referred to as wave-to-wire (W2W models, and identifies the necessary components and their dynamics and constraints, including grid
constraints. In addition, the paper identifies different control inputs for the different components of the PTO system and how these inputs are
articulated to the dynamics of the system. Examples of pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical or magnetic transmission systems driving a rotary
electrical generator, and linear electric generators are provided.
230. Modelling and geometry optimisation of wave energy converters (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=od_______537::6877f520ab4058c63d462f746f438b7a)
()
Kurniawan, Adi
2013-01-01
The ultimate goal of wave energy undertaking is to find a solution that minimises the cost of delivered energy. Not only should a device maximise
its energy absorption, but also the costs associated with absorbing and converting that energy into useful forms should be minimised. Towards
realising this goal, this thesis contributes in three main areas, namely, numerical modelling, geometry optimisation, and geometry control. The
highlights of numerical modelling include the use of bond grapha...
231. Modelling and geometry optimisation of wave energy converters (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=nora_uio__no::64f4e2e038aa5887fb8e4756ad81e886)
()
Kurniawan, Adi
2013-01-01
The ultimate goal of wave energy undertaking is to find a solution that minimises the cost of delivered energy. Not only should a device maximise
its energy absorption, but also the costs associated with absorbing and converting that energy into useful forms should be minimised. Towards
realising this goal, this thesis contributes in three main areas, namely, numerical modelling, geometry optimisation, and geometry control.The
highlights of numerical modelling include the use of bond grapha ...
232. Review on electrical control strategies for wave energy converting systems (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od_______361::bc52fedbc648efe2bba7498344bb6401)
()
Hong, Yue; Waters, Rafael; Bostrm, Cecilia; Eriksson, Mikael; Engstrm, Jens; Leijon, Mats
2014-01-01
Renewable energy techniques are now gaining more and more attention as the years pass by, not only because of the threat of climate change
but also, e.g. due to serious pollution problems in some countries and because the renewable energy technologies have matured and can be
depended upon an increasing degree. The energy from ocean waves bares tremendous potential as a source of renewable energy, and the
related technologies have continually been improved during the last decades. In this pape...
233. Wave Energy Resource along the Coast of Santa Catarina (Brazil) (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=dedup_wf_001::f673c9fee7c82ac4075c45838e875de2)
()
Pasquale Contestabile; Vincenzo Ferrante; Diego Vicinanza

2015-01-01
Brazil has one of the largest electricity markets in South America, which needs to add 6000 MW of capacity every year in order to satisfy growing
the demand from an increasing and more prosperous population. Apart from biomass, no other renewable energy sources, besides
hydroelectricity, play a relevant role in the energy mix. The potential for wind and wave energy is very large. Brazil's Santa Catarina state
government is starting a clean energy program in the state, which is expected to bri...
234. User guide COE Calculation Tool for Wave Energy Converters
(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/197329237/User_guide_to_the_COE_Calculation_Tool_ver1.6_April2014.pdfhttp://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/197329238/Quick_start_user_guide_to_the_COE_
()
Chozas, Julia Fernandez; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Jensen, Niels Ejner Helstrup
Aalborg University together with Energinet.dk and Julia F. Chozas Consulting Engineer, have released a freely available online spreadsheet to
evaluate the Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE) for wave energy projects. The open-access tool calculates the LCOE based on the power
production of a Wave...... Energy Converter (WEC) at a particular location. Production data may derive from laboratory testing, numerical
modelling or from sea trials. The tool has been developed as a transparent and simple model that evaluates WECs economic feasibility in a
range of locations, while scaling WECs features to the...
235. CFD supported examination of buoy design for wave energy conversion (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?
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Yilmaz, Nadir; Trapp, Geoffrey E.; Gagan, Scott M.; Emmerich, Timothy R. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, New Mexico Institute of
Mining and Technology (United States)], e-mail: nadir@nmt.edu, email: gtrapp@nmt.edu, email: sgag01@nmt.edu, email: temmeric@nmt.edu
2011-07-01
The work presented in this paper investigates an oscillating buoy power device (OD) as a potential wave energy converter. The wave interacts
with the buoy, which is connected to a mechanical device which oscillates and converts spring force into mechanical power. For validation
purposes, ellipsoidal buoy shapes of the five aspect ratios are used in this report as OD devices which are excited under the same wave
conditions to validate the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model against experimental data available in the literature. The analysis was
performed using a Flow-3d CFD software package. Comparisons are made and results are presented based on buoy displacements which can
be related to energy produced by the buoys. The aspect ratio approaching 1:1:1 (sphere) is found to produce the maximum displacement and
consequently the highest possible energy conversion. The paper also discusses whether a flat circular plate shape buoy would capture 50% of
the possible energy by comparison with the spherical buoy.
236. Energy Trapping in Low Phase Noise Bulk Acoustic Wave Oscillators (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:45003624)
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In the design of resonators in low phase noise bulk acoustic wave (BAW) oscillators, maximization of quality factor is the primary target while
energy trapping is not typically of concern. Analysis shows that although energy-trapping mode energy outside the electroded region decreases
exponentially with distance away from the electrode edge of the wafer, the decaying wave will reflect at the wafer edge to the electroded region
and generate a wave with same frequency but different phase which generates mutual modulation with resonant frequency. It is a source of
phase noise and mainly affects the near-carrier-frequency phase noise. Two 120 MHz SC-cut 5th overtone UM-1 crystals with similar dynamic
equivalent parameters and different shunt capacitances are compared using the same circuit. Experimental results show that energy trapping
also needs to be considered in the design of resonators in low phase noise BAW oscillators
237. Experimental investigation of rubble mound breakwaters for wave energy conversion
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Luppa, C.; Contestabile, P.; Cavallaro, L.;

2015-01-01
The paper describes recent laboratory investigation on the breakwater integrated device named OBREC (Overtopping BReakwater for
Energy Conversion). This technology recently appeared on the wave energy converter scene as an executive outcome of improving composite
seawalls by including overtoppi...
238. Prediction of the Individual Wave Overtopping Volumes of a Wave Energy Converter using Experimental Testing and First Numerical Model
Results (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186043269)
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Victor, L.; Troch, P.; Kofoed, Jens Peter
For overtopping wave energy converters (WECs) a more efficient energy conversion can be achieved when the volumes of water, wave by wave,
that enter their reservoir are known and can be predicted. A numerical tool is being developed using a commercial CFD-solver to study and
optimize the...
239. High energy electron generation in surface wave produced plasmas (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:23051646)
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A theoretical model predicting production of hot electrons in the high frequency field of surface wave produced plasmas is presented. The fast
particle generation is caused by the radial component of the surface wave electric field near the boundary of the discharge by mechanisms not
considered so far. As a result of acceleration due to the interaction with the surface wave field and due to energy loss by excitation and ionization
of atoms in the main volume of the plasma the hot electron tail of the energy distribution funtion is formed. Such distributions are calculated for
some simple models of inelastic collisions. Effective temperatures are found. The proposed mechanism of hot electron generation are described
for cases where the wave frequency is larger than the electron collision frequency. (orig.)
240. Non-classical Energy Conservation in Multi-wave Systems: "Extra Energy", "Negative Energy" and "Annihilation of Energy"
(https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=od________18::20ff85c62f4d3deb47456ad7c8d19280)
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Kukhlevsky, S. V.
2006-01-01
The energy conservation is a general law of nature. In the classical physics, the energy W_{AB} of a conservative system {AB} that contains the
objects A and B is equal to a sum of the positive energies W_A and W_B of the isolated objects A and B, W_{AB} = W_A+W_B. We show that
the energy conservation does not exhibit the "classic law" if the physical objects are waves or they do have a wave nature of microscopic
(quantum) objects. The "extra energy", "negative energy" and "annihilation of en...
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241. Simplified Design Procedures for Moorings of Wave-Energy Converters

(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/209067143/Simplified_Design_Procedures_for_Moorings_of_Wave_Energy_Converters.pdf)
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Bergdahl, Lars; Kofoed, Jens Peter
The goal of the report is that the reader shall be able to self-dependently make a first, preliminary analysis of wave-induced horizontal loads,
motions and mooring forces for a moored floating wave energy device. Necessary prerequisites to attain that goal are the understanding of the
physical...... phenomena, awareness of simplifying assumptions and some insight into the available mathematical or numerical tools....
242. Licensing and Environmental Issues of Wave Energy Projects (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186048936)

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Neumann, Frank; Tedd, James; Prado, Miguel; Russell, Iain; Patrcio, Sofia; La Regina, Veronica
2006-01-01
The major non-technical barrier for large-scale wave energy implementation is the wide range of licensing issues and potential environmental
concerns, in addition to significant National/regional differences in licensing procedures and permit requirements. Whereas some pilot plants
have had a spe...... pilot plants and exemplary presents the ongoing permitting process of the Wave Dragon in Wales. Comments on future parkscale application issues are made based on the present situation in different countries....
243. Model Predictive Control of Buoy Type Wave Energy Converter (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od______1202::b2d025eba9097d801500476fdbca4078)
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Soltani, Mohsen N.; Sichani, Mahdi T.; Mirzaei, Mahmood

2014-01-01
The paper introduces the Wavestar wave energy converter and presents the implementation of model predictive controller that maximizes the
power generation. The ocean wave power is extracted using a hydraulic electric generator which is connected to an oscillating buoy. The power
generator is an additive device attached to the buoy which may include damping, stiffness or similar terms hence will affect the dynamic motion of
the buoy. Therefore such a device can be seen as a closed-loop control...
244. Are Wave and Tidal Energy Plants New Green Technologies? (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27294983)
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Douziech, Mlanie; Hellweg, Stefanie; Verones, Francesca

2016-07-19
Wave and tidal energy plants are upcoming, potentially green technologies. This study aims at quantifying their various potential environmental
impacts. Three tidal stream devices, one tidal range plant and one wave energy harnessing device are analyzed over their entire life cycles,
using the ReCiPe 2008 methodology at midpoint level. The impacts of the tidal range plant were on average 1.6 times higher than the ones of
hydro-power plants (without considering natural land transformation). A similar ratio was found when comparing the results of the three tidal
stream devices to offshore wind power plants (without considering water depletion). The wave energy harnessing device had on average 3.5
times higher impacts than offshore wind power. On the contrary, the considered plants have on average 8 (wave energy) to 20 (tidal stream), or
even 115 times (tidal range) lower impact than electricity generated from coal power. Further, testing the sensitivity of the results highlighted the
advantage of long lifetimes and small material requirements. Overall, this study supports the potential of wave and tidal energy plants as
alternative green technologies. However, potential unknown effects, such as the impact of turbulence or noise on marine ecosystems, should be
further explored in future research. PMID:27294983
245. The SSG Wave Energy Converter: Performance, Status and Recent Developments (http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/5/2/193/)
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Mariano Buccino
2012-01-01
Full Text Available The Sea-wave Slot-cone Generator (SSG is a Wave Energy Converter based on the wave overtopping principle; it employs
several reservoirs placed on top of each other, in which the energy of incoming waves is stored as potential energy. Then, the captured water
runs through turbines for electricity production. The system works under a wide spectrum of different wave conditions, giving a high overall
efficiency. It can be suitable for shoreline and breakwater applications and presents particular advantages, such as sharing structure costs,
availability of grid connection and recirculation of water inside the harbor, as the outlet of the turbines is on the rear part of the system. Recently,
plans for the SSG pilot installations are in progress at the Svaaheia site (Norway, the port of Hanstholm (Denmark and the port of Garibaldi
(Oregon, USA. In the last-mentioned two projects, the Sea-wave Slot-cone Generator technology is integrated into the outer harbor breakwater
and jetty reconstruction projects. In the last years extensive studies have been performed on the hydraulic and the structural response of this
converter, with the aim of optimizing the design process. The investigations have been conducted by physical model tests and numerical
simulations and many results have been published on both conference proceedings and journals. The main scope of this paper is reviewing the
most significant findings, to provide the reader with an organic overview on the present status of knowledge.
246. Design of full scale wave simulator for testing Power Take Off systems for wave energy converters
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Pedersen, H. C.; Hansen, R. H.; Hansen, Anders Hedegaard;

2016-01-01
For wave energy to become a major future contributor of renewable energy it is a requirement that the efficiency and reliability of the Power
Take-Off (PTO) systems is significantly improved. However, the cost of installing and testing PTO-systems at sea is very high. The focus of the
current pap...... results are presented, showing that the system is able to emulate real waves up to three meters in height and with a resulting
force of more than 800 kN....
247. Measurements of Overtopping Flow Time Series on the Wave Dragon, Wave Energy Converter
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Tedd, James; Kofoed, Jens Peter

2009-01-01
A study of overtopping flow series on the Wave Dragon prototype, a low crested device designed to maximise flow, in a real sea, is presented.
This study aims to fill the gap in the literature on time series of flow overtopping low crested structures. By comparing to a simulated flow the
character......A study of overtopping flow series on the Wave Dragon prototype, a low crested device designed to maximise flow, in a real sea, is
presented. This study aims to fill the gap in the literature on time series of flow overtopping low crested structures. By comparing to a simulated
flow the...... characteristics of the overtopping flow are discussed and the simulation algorithm is tested. Measured data is shown from a storm
build up in October 2006, from theWave Dragon prototype situated in an inland sea in Northern Denmark. This wave energy converter extracts
energy from the waves, by funnelling them to...... run-up a ramp and overtop into a reservoir. This water is stored at a higher level than the
average sea surface, before being discharged through hydro turbines. The waves, device sea handling and overtopping flow are measured by
pressure transducers ahead of, beneath and in the device. Comparisons of...
248. Study Pelamis system to capture energy of ocean wave (http://arxiv.org/pdf/1508.01106.pdf)

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Gobato, Ricardo; Fedrigo, Desire Francine Gobato

2015-01-01
Over the years, energy has become vital for humans, enabling us to comfort, leisure, mobility and other factors. The quest for cheap energy
sources, renewable and clean has grown in recent years, mainly for the reduction of effects that comes degrading nature, allowing scientists and
engineers to search for new technologies. Many energy sources have been researched for proper funding where some stand out for their ease of
obtaining, by other low cost and others by being renewable. The main objective of this work is to study one of these energy sources - wave
energy, whose capture is still in development. This energy comes from the waves of the sea and is 100% renewable and with minimal
environmental impact when compared to hydro, nuclear, coal, thermal, etc. The system studied here is the Pelamis system.
249. Forecasting ocean wave energy: A Comparison of the ECMWF wave model with time series methods
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Reikard, Gordon; Pinson, Pierre; Bidlot, Jean

2011-01-01
(ECMWF) Wave Model, and two statistical techniques, time-varying parameter regressions and neural networks. Thirteen data sets at locations
in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and the Gulf of Mexico are tested. The quantities to be predicted are the significant wave height, the wave
period, and the wave...... energy flux. In the initial tests, the ECMWF model and the statistical models are compared directly. The statistical
models do better at short horizons, producing more accurate forecasts in the 15 h range. The ECMWF model is superior at longer horizons.
The convergence point, at which the two methods...... achieve comparable degrees of accuracy, is in the area of 6 h. By implication, the physicsbased model captures the underlying signals at lower frequencies, while the statistical models capture relationships over shorter intervals.
Further tests are run in which the forecasts from the ECMWF model are used...
250. Wave energy fluxes and multi-decadal shoreline changes (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/267108435)

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Kabuth, Alina Kristin; Kroon, Aart

2014-01-01
Spatial patterns of multidecadal shoreline changes in two microtidal, low-energetic embayments of southern Zealand, Denmark, were
investigated by using the directional distribution of wave energy fluxes. The sites include a barrier island system attached to moraine bluffs, and a
recurved spit adj...... variability of directional distributions of wave energy fluxes furthermore outlined potential sediment sources and sinks for the
evolution of the barrier island system and for the evolution of the recurved spit.......Spatial patterns of multidecadal shoreline changes in two
microtidal, low-energetic embayments of southern Zealand, Denmark, were investigated by using the directional distribution of wave energy
fluxes. The sites include a barrier island system attached to moraine bluffs, and a recurved spit...
251. Energy flow characteristics of vector X-Waves (http://repository.kaust.edu.sa/kaust/handle/10754/561650)

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Salem, Mohamed
2011-01-01
The vector form of X-Waves is obtained as a superposition of transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarized field components. It is shown
that the signs of all components of the Poynting vector can be locally changed using carefully chosen complex amplitudes of the transverse
electric and transverse magnetic polarization components. Negative energy flux density in the longitudinal direction can be observed in a
bounded region around the centroid; in this region the local behavior of the wave field is similar to that of wave field with negative energy flow.
This peculiar energy flux phenomenon is of essential importance for electromagnetic and optical traps and tweezers, where the location and
momenta of microand nanoparticles are manipulated by changing the Poynting vector, and in detection of invisibility cloaks. 2011 Optical
Society of America.
252. Model Predictive Control of Buoy Type Wave Energy Converter (http://orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/102382685/Model_Predictive_Control.pdf)
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Soltani, Mohsen N.; Sichani, Mahdi T.; Mirzaei, Mahmood

2014-01-01
is an additive device attached to the buoy which may include damping, stiffness or similar terms hence will affect the dynamic motion of the buoy.
Therefore such a device can be seen as a closed-loop controller. The objective of the wave energy converter is to harvest as much energy from
sea as possible......The paper introduces the Wavestar wave energy converter and presents the implementation of model predictive controller
that maximizes the power generation. The ocean wave power is extracted using a hydraulic electric generator which is connected to an
oscillating buoy. The power generator....... The straight forward solution to this maximization problem is achieved by maximizing the
instantaneous range of motion of the buoy. The buoy as a single degree of freedom oscillator will undergo its maximum movements when it is in
resonance with the sea state. Hence the best solution to the problem is achieved...
253. Measurements of radiated elastic wave energy from dynamic tensile cracks (http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
R=19900040099&hterms=wave+energy&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dwave%2Benergy)
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Boler, Frances M.
1990-01-01
The role of fracture-velocity, microstructure, and fracture-energy barriers in elastic wave radiation during a dynamic fracture was investigated in
experiments in which dynamic tensile cracks of two fracture cofigurations of double cantilever beam geometry were propagating in glass
samples. The first, referred to as primary fracture, consisted of fractures of intact glass specimens; the second configuration, referred to as
secondary fracture, consisted of a refracture of primary fracture specimens which were rebonded with an intermittent pattern of adhesive to
produce variations in fracture surface energy along the crack path. For primary fracture cases, measurable elastic waves were generated in 31
percent of the 16 fracture events observed; the condition for radiation of measurable waves appears to be a local abrupt change in the fracture
path direction, such as occurs when the fracture intersects a surface flaw. For secondary fractures, 100 percent of events showed measurable
elastic waves; in these fractures, the ratio of radiated elastic wave energy in the measured component to fracture surface energy was 10 times
greater than for primary fracture.
254. Solar energy converter using surface plasma waves (http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19850013458)

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Anderson, L. M. (Inventor)
1984-01-01
Sunlight is dispersed over a diffraction grating formed on the surface of a conducting film on a substrate. The angular dispersion controls the
effective grating period so that a matching spectrum of surface plasmons is excited for parallel processing on the conducting film. The resulting
surface plasmons carry energy to an array of inelastic tunnel diodes. This solar energy converter does not require different materials for each
frequency band, and sunlight is directly converted to electricity in an efficient manner by extracting more energy from the more energetic photons.
255. Wave Energy Converter (WEC) Array Effects on Wave Current and Sediment Circulation: Monterey Bay CA.
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Roberts, Jesse D.; Jones, Craig; Magalen, Jason

2014-09-01
The goal s of this study were to develop tools to quantitatively characterize environments where wave energy converter ( WEC ) devices may be
installed and to assess e ffects on hydrodynamics and lo cal sediment transport. A large hypothetical WEC array was investigated using wave,
hydrodynamic, and sediment transport models and site - specific average and storm conditions as input. The results indicated that there were
significant changes in sediment s izes adjacent to and in the lee of the WEC array due to reduced wave energy. The circulation in the lee of the
array was also altered; more intense onshore currents were generated in the lee of the WECs . In general, the storm case and the average case
show ed the same qualitative patterns suggesting that these trends would be maintained throughout the year. The framework developed here
can be used to design more efficient arrays while minimizing impacts on nearshore environmen ts.
256. A parametric costing model for wave energy technology (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:24067690)

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This document describes the philosophy and technical approach to a parametric cost model for offshore wave energy systems. Consideration is
given both to existing known devices and other devices yet to be conceptualised. The report is complementary to a spreadsheet based cost
estimating model. The latter permits users to derive capital cost estimates using either inherent default data or user provided data, if a particular
scheme provides sufficient design definition for more accurate estimation. The model relies on design default data obtained from wave energy
device designs and a set of specifically collected cost data. (author)
257. Reliability-Based Structural Optimization of Wave Energy Converters (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2261257624)
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Ambhl, Simon; Kramer, Morten; Srensen, John Dalsgaard

2014-01-01
More and more wave energy converter (WEC) concepts are reaching prototype level. Once the prototype level is reached, the next step in order
to further decrease the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) is optimizing the overall system with a focus on structural and maintenance (inspection)
costs, as...... well as on the harvested power from the waves. The target of a fully-developed WEC technology is not maximizing its power output,
but minimizing the resulting LCOE. This paper presents a methodology to optimize the structural design of WECs based on a reliability-based
optimization problem and the...
258. The Potential for Wave Energy in the North Sea (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186038615)
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Srensen, H. C.; Chozas, Julia Fernandez

2010-01-01
The North Sea has not yet been regarded as prime area for wave energy development in Europe except in Denmark, Benelux and Germany. The
reason is the relatively low intensity of waves (12-17kW/m) compared to the Atlantic with a wave climate of 24-48kW/m. Further on the design
wave load is almost...... as in the Atlantic and the distance to shore relatively long compared to sites with good wave climate like Ireland,
Portugal, Spain and the west coast of UK. The increasing activities within offshore wind in the North Sea and the attempt to build a super grid
connecting the wind sites with the major consumers around...... the North Sea are expected to change the priority in favour of utilising wave
energy from the North Sea. The paper describes the opportunities for power production in the North Sea considering the competition for space
and the synergy with offshore wind. Two approaches are used: a traditional national...
259. Assessing the Wave Energy Resource Using Remote Sensed Data (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?
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Pontes, M.T.; Bruck, M. [INETI/DER, Lisboa (Portugal); Lehner, S. [DLR- German Aerospace Centre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling (Germany)
2009-07-01
The use of accurate remote sensed wave data in the coastal area (water depth up to 80m) will enable a high quality characterization of the wave
energy resource. Work has been carried out with this objective for a number of years namely assessing the quality of the radar altimeter and SAR
sensors data. In this paper a summary of the quality of wave period estimates from the NASA/CNES Jason radar altimeter is presented, showing
that the analytical models that have been proposed in recent years provide already accurate results. This paper also includes a verification of
ESA ENVISAT SAR data (height, period and direction parameters in addition to the shape of frequency spectra) against NDBC buoy data, which
has shown good accuracy for wave energy resource assessment. However, the long Exact-Repeat-Period of NASA (10 days) and of ESA
satellites (35 days) poses serious limitation to the usefulness of their wave measurements except for long-term wave climate assessment. These
shortcomings are expected to be overcome by the new high spatial-resolution TerraSAR-X satellite that is obtaining reliable data for nearshore
areas, being able to provide data at 2 - 3 day interval.
260. Thermodynamics of relativistic quantum fields: extracting energy from gravitational waves (http://arxiv.org/pdf/1607.01291.pdf)
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Bruschi, David Edward

2016-01-01
We investigate the quantum thermodynamical properties of localised relativistic quantum fields that can be used as quantum thermal machines.
We study the efficiency and power of energy transfer between the classical degrees of freedom, such as the energy input due to motion or to an
impinging gravitational wave, and the excitations of the confined quantum field. We find that the efficiency of energy transfer depends
dramatically on the input initial state of the system. Furthermore, we investigate the ability to extract the energy and to store it in a battery. This
process is inefficient in optical cavities but is significantly enhanced when employing trapped Bose Einstein Condensates. Finally, we apply our
techniques to a setup where an impinging gravitational wave excites the phononic modes of a Bose Einstein Condensate. We find that, in this
case, the amount of energy transfer to the phonons increases with time and quickly approaches unity. These results suggest that, in the future, it
might be possible to...
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261. Comparative Study of Turbines for Wave Energy Conversion (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?dbname=zw_qk&wid=5567329)

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Hideaki Maeda; Toshiaki Setoguchi; Manabu Takao; Keita Sakurada; Tae-Ho Kin; Kenji Kaneko
2001-01-01
The objective of this paper is to compare the performances of the turbines, which could be used for wave energy conversion in the near future,
under various irregular wave conditions. The turbines included in the paper are as follows: (a) Wells turbine with guide vanes; (b) impulse turbine
with self-pitch-controlled guide vanes; (c) impulse turbine with fixed guide vanes. In this study, experimental investigations were carried out to
clarify the performances of the turbines under steady flow conditions, and then a numerical simulation was used for predicting the performances
under irregular wave conditions with various significant wave heights. As a result, it was found that the running and starting characteristics of the
impulse turbines could be superior to those of the Wells turbine.
262. Preliminary Results from Second Phase Sea Testing of the Wave Dragon Prototype Wave Energy Converter
()
Soerensen, Hans Chr.; Tedd, James; Friis-Madsen, Erik; Kofoed, Jens Peter
2006-01-01
In March 2006 the prototype Wave Dragon has been redeployed to a more energetic site in Nissum Bredning an inland sea in Western Denmark.
This has followed a period of renovation of many aspects of the device which have resulted in 20% higher energy output. This paper describes
the preliminary...
263. Performance Assessment of the Wave Dragon Wave Energy Converter Based on the EquiMar Methodology
(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/55708651/Performance_Assessment_of_the_Wave_Dragon_Wave_Energy_Converter_Based_on_the_EquiMar_Methodology.pdf)
()
Parmeggiani, Stefano; Chozas, Julia Fernandez; Pecher, Arthur;

2011-01-01
At the present pre-commercial phase of the wave energy sector, device developers are called to provide reliable estimates on power
performance and production at possible deployment locations. The EU EquiMar project has proposed a novel approach, where the performance
assessment is based mainly on...
264. Vertical Distribution of Wave Overtopping for Design of Multi Level Overtopping Based Wave Energy Converters
(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/6319500/Vertical_Distribution_of_Wave_Overtopping_for_Design_of_Multi_Level_Overtopping_Based_Wave_Energy_Converters)
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Kofoed, Jens Peter

2007-01-01
This paper presents an expression describing the vertical distribution of overtopping, the experimental work leading to this, as well as the use of
the expression for numerical optimization of the geometrical layout of the multi level overtopping based wave energy converter Seawave Slotcone Gene......-cone Generator. The numerical optimization is also assisted by further experimental investigations focused on optimization of the
finer details of the concept with respect to amount of potential energy in the overtopping water....
265. Comparison of heaving buoy and oscillating flap wave energy converters (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AIPC.1522...86A)
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Abu Bakar, Mohd Aftar; Green, David A.; Metcalfe, Andrew V.; Najafian, G.
2013-04-01
Waves offer an attractive source of renewable energy, with relatively low environmental impact, for communities reasonably close to the sea.
Two types of simple wave energy converters (WEC), the heaving buoy WEC and the oscillating flap WEC, are studied. Both WECs are
considered as simple energy converters because they can be modelled, to a first approximation, as single degree of freedom linear dynamic
systems. In this study, we estimate the response of both WECs to typical wave inputs; wave height for the buoy and corresponding wave surge
for the flap, using spectral methods. A nonlinear model of the oscillating flap WEC that includes the drag force, modelled by the Morison equation
is also considered. The response to a surge input is estimated by discrete time simulation (DTS), using central difference approximations to
derivatives. This is compared with the response of the linear model obtained by DTS and also validated using the spectral method. Bendat's
nonlinear system identification (BNLSI) technique was used to analyze the nonlinear dynamic system since the spectral analysis was only
suitable for linear dynamic system. The effects of including the nonlinear term are quantified.
266. Wave Energy Estimation by Using A Statistical Analysis and Wave Buoy Data near the Southern Caspian Sea
(http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?dbname=zw_qk&wid=53115085)
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A.R.Zamani; M.A.Badri
2015-01-01
Statistical analysis was done on simultaneous wave and wind using data recorded by discus-shape wave buoy. The area is located in the
southern Caspian Sea near the Anzali Port. Recorded wave data were obtained through directional spectrum wave analysis. Recorded wind
direction and wind speed were obtained through the related time series as well. For 12-month measurements (May 25 2007-2008), statistical
calculations were done to specify the value of nonlinear auto-correlation of wave and wind using the probability distribution function of wave
characteristics and statistical analysis in various time periods. The paper also presents and analyzes the amount of wave energy for the area
mentioned on the basis of available database. Analyses showed a suitable comparison between the amounts of wave energy in different
seasons. As a result, the best period for the largest amount of wave energy was known. Results showed that in the research period, the mean
wave and wind auto correlation were about three hours. Among the probability distribution functions, i.e Weibull, Normal, Lognormal and
Rayleigh, Weibull had the best consistency with experimental distribution function shown in different diagrams for each season. Results
also showed that the mean wave energy in the research period was about 49.88 kW/m and the maximum density of wave energy was found in
February and March, 2010.
267. Computational simulation of the interactions between water waves and two-dimensional wave energy converters
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013APS..DFD.R3008G)
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Ghasemi, Amirmahdi; Pathak, Ashish; Chiodi, Robert; Raessi, Mehdi

2013-11-01
Ocean waves represent a vast renewable energy resource, which is mostly untapped. We present a computational tool for simulation of the
interactions between waves and two-dimensional oscillating solid bodies representing simple wave energy converters (WECs). The
computational tool includes a multiphase flow solver, in which the two-step projection method with GPU acceleration is used to solve the Navier-
Stokes equations. The fictitious domain method is used to capture the interactions of a moving rigid solid body with the two-fluid flow. The solid
and liquid volumes are tracked using the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method, while the triple points and phase interfaces in three-phase cells are
resolved. A consistent mass and momentum transport scheme is used to handle the large density ratio. We present results of two wave
generation mechanisms with a piston or flap wave maker, where the theoretical and experimental results were used for validation. Then,
simulation results of several simple devices representative of distinct WECs, including a bottom-hinged flap device as well as cylindrical or
rectangular terminators are presented. The results are in good agreement with the available experimental data.
268. Wave energy, lever operated pivoting float LOPF study (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/22000038/)
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Margheritini, L.
2012-11-01
The fully instrumented Resen Waves Lever Operated Pivoting Float LOPF wave energy buoy model has gone through the first stage of testing in
regular waves in scale 1:25 of the North Sea wave conditions, in the 3D deep wave basin at the Hydraulic and Coastal Engineering Laboratory of
Aalborg University in Denmark. The model size was 60cm W x 90cm L x 21cm H. The 60 cm width pointed towards the wave front. The LOPF
buoy is characterized by a simple mechanical design with few moving parts and direct electrical output and it is taut moored to the sea bed, so all
forces are referenced to the seabed for maximum energy output in regular as well as irregular waves. During storms the buoy pivots and
streamlines itself to minimize loads on the mooring line. A conservative estimate shows that a full scale system for North Sea conditions has a
float size width of 15 m that will, with 60% generator efficiency, produce 610 MWh/y (609.497 kWh/y) with an average power output of 69.6 kW,
which requires a generator capacity of 700 kW. It is expected the generator efficiency can be increased to 90% in the future. More specific
calculations (from EnergiNet) show that with one generator of 695 kW the expected power production is 585 MWh/y; with a generator of 250 kW
and 100 kW, the expected power production is 481 MWh/y and 182 MWh/y respectively. In addition there are several areas for future
improvements for increased power production. (Author)
269. Wave loadings acting on Overtopping Breakwater for Energy Conversion (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2286726889)
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Vicinanza, Diego; Nrgaard, Jrgen Harck; Contestabile, Pasquale;

2013-01-01
pressure distributions. Load measurements were compared with the most used prediction method for traditional breakwaters, available in the
Coastal Engineering Manual (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2002). These results suggest to use the experimental data as design loadings since
the design criteria for the......Any kind of Wave Energy Converter (WEC) requires information on reliability of technology and on time required for
the return of the investment (reasonable payback). The structural response is one of the most important parameters to take in to account for a
consistent assessment on innovative...... devices. This paper presents results on wave loading acting on an hybrid WEC named Overtopping
BReakwater for Energy Conversion (OBREC). The new design is based on the concept of an integration between a traditional rubble mound
breakwater and a front reservoir designed to store the wave overtopping from...
270. Aiding Design of Wave Energy Converters via Computational Simulations (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015APS..DFD.R6004J)
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Jebeli Aqdam, Hejar; Ahmadi, Babak; Raessi, Mehdi; Tootkaboni, Mazdak

2015-11-01
With the increasing interest in renewable energy sources, wave energy converters will continue to gain attention as a viable alternative to current
electricity production methods. It is therefore crucial to develop computational tools for the design and analysis of wave energy converters. A
successful design requires balance between the design performance and cost. Here an analytical solution is used for the approximate analysis of
interactions between a flap-type wave energy converter (WEC) and waves. The method is verified using other flow solvers and experimental test
cases. Then the model is used in conjunction with a powerful heuristic optimization engine, Charged System Search (CSS) to explore the WEC
design space. CSS is inspired by charged particles behavior. It searches the design space by considering candidate answers as charged
particles and moving them based on the Coulomb's laws of electrostatics and Newton's laws of motion to find the global optimum. Finally the
impacts of changes in different design parameters on the power takeout of the superior WEC designs are investigated. National Science
Foundation, CBET-1236462.
271. Hydraulic Evaluation of the LEANCON Wave Energy Converter

(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/16184099/Hydraulic_Evaluation_of_the_LEANCON_Wave_Energy_Converter)
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Kofoed, Jens Peter; Frigaard, Peter
This report is a product of the co-operation agreement between Aalborg University and LEANCON (by Kurt Due Rasmussen) on the evaluation
and development of the LEANCON wave energy converter (WEC). The work reported here has focused on evaluation of the power production of
the device, based on labo...
272. Optimization of Overtopping Wave Energy Converters by Geometry Control (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186045327)

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Victor, L.; Troch, P.; Kofoed, Jens Peter

2011-01-01
In this paper, the results of a study on the effects of geometry control on the performance of overtopping wave energy converters with a simple
geometry built in coastal structures (simple OWECs) are presented. Empirical formulae, derived based on experimental tests on simple OWECs
with varying...
273. Effect of spatial discretization of energy on detonation wave propagation (http://arxiv.org/pdf/1608.07665.pdf)

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Mi, XiaoCheng; Higgins, Andrew J
2016-01-01
Detonation propagation in the limit of highly spatially discretized energy sources is investigated. The model of this problem begins with a medium
consisting of a calorically perfect gas with a prescribed energy release per unit mass. The energy release is collected into sheet-like sources that
are now embedded in an inert gas that fills the spaces between them. The release of energy in the first sheet results in a planar blast wave that
propagates to the next source, which is triggered after a prescribed delay, generating a new blast, and so forth. The resulting wave dynamics as
the front passes through hundreds of such sources is computationally simulated by numerically solving the governing one-dimensional Euler
equations in the lab-fixed reference frame. The average wave speed for each simulation is measured once the wave propagation has reached a
quasi-periodic solution. Velocities in excess of the CJ speed are found as the sources are made increasingly discrete, with the deviation above
CJ being as grea...
274. Hydraulic power take-off for wave energy systems (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2185766328)

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Christensen, Georg Kronborg

2001-01-01
Investigation and laboratory experiments with a hydraulic power conversion system for converting forces from a 2.5m diamter float to extract
energy from seawaves. The test rig consists of a hydraulic wave simulator and a hydraulic point absorber. The absorber converts the incomming
forces...
275. Ground state wave function and energy of the lithium atom (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od________18::08dc6c58db561213600cd97b1bd5e431)
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Puchalski, Mariusz; Pachucki, Krzysztof

2006-01-01
Highly accurate nonrelativistic ground-state wave function and energy of the lithium atom is obtained in the Hylleraas basis set. The leading
relativistic corrections,as represented by Breit-Pauli Hamiltonian, are obtained in fair agreement with the former results. The calculational method
is based on the analytical evaluation of Hylleraas integrals with the help of recursion relations.
276. Hydrodynamic analysis of oscillating water column wave energy devices (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2279602689)
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Bingham, Harry B.; Ducasse, Damien; Nielsen, Kim;

2015-01-01
A 40-chamber I-Beam attenuator-type, oscillating water column, wave energy converter is analyzed numerically based on linearized potential
flow theory, and experimentally via model test experiments. The high-order panel method WAMIT by Newman and Lee (WAMIT; a
radiationdiffraction panel program...
277. Different Reliability Assessment Approaches for Wave Energy Converters (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2281605370)
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Ambhl, Simon; Kramer, Morten Mejlhede; Srensen, John Dalsgaard

2015-01-01
Reliability assessments are of importance for wave energy converters (WECs) due to the fact that accessibility might be limited in case of failure
and maintenance. These failure rates can be adapted by reliability considerations. There are two different approaches to how reliability can be...
278. Electromagnetic Lead Screw for Potential Wave Energy Application (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/272965842)
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Lu, Kaiyuan; Wu, Weimin

2014-01-01
This paper presents a new type electromagnetic lead screw (EMLS) intended for wave energy application. Similar to the mechanical lead screw,
this electromagnetic version can transfer slow linear motion to high-rotational motion, offering gearing effects. Compared with the existing pure
magnetic...
279. Experimental Study on a Rotor for WEPTOS Wave Energy Converter (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186091263)
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Pecher, Arthur; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Marchalot, Tanguy
This report presents the results of an experimental study of the power conversion capabilities of one single rotor of the WEPTOS wave energy
converter. The investigation focuses mainly on defining the optimal weight distribution in the rotor in order to improve the hydraulic performance
through...
280. 78 FR 40132 - Wave Energy Converter Prize Administration Webinar (https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-07-03/pdf/2013-15967.pdf)

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2013-07-03
... the highest potential for success in the actual open-ocean wave energy harvesting environment. The.... Increase the awareness of MHK
technology through the WEC Prize challenge with marketing and public... the webinar, an example strategy is provided below. The WWPTO
encourages commenters to...
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281. Selection of Design Power of Wave Energy Converters Based on Wave Basin Experiments
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Martinelli, L.; Zanuttigh, B.; Kofoed, Jens Peter

2011-01-01
Aim of this paper is to develop a method for selecting the optimal power generation capacity for which a wave energy converter (WEC) should be
rated. This method is suitable for the earliest stages of development, when several studies are missing, including design of the Power Take Off
(PTO) system......, and the first economic considerations become essential for investment opportunities. It relies on the availability of an
experimental description of the maximum possible produced power under realistic conditions, typically obtained by dummy PTOs. It consists of
three steps: statistical...... characterisation of the measured efficiency; description of the energy production by means of a function of the design
capacity; application of a simple formula for cost benefit analysis. The analyses here proposed are based on the experimental results of 3D tests
on two floating wave energy devices, named LEANCON...
282. Energy of tsunami waves generated by bottom motion (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=dedup_wf_001::8a9b22059dc470fc060983998b8addcb)
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Dutykh, Denys; Dias, Frdric

2009-01-01
20 pages, 12 figures. Accepted to Proceedings of the Royal Society A. Other authors papers and supporting material can be downloaded at
http://www.lama.univ-savoie.fr/~dutykh International audience In the vast literature on tsunami research, few articles have been devoted to
energy issues. A theoretical investigation on the energy of waves generated by bottom motion is performed here. We start with the full
incompressible Euler equations in the presence of a free surface and derive both...
283. Structural Reliability of Plain Bearings for Wave Energy Converter Applications (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=doajarticles::d1c38d1847eb9b8770b949ca2c8754e7)
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Simon Ambhl; Morten Kramer; John Dalsgaard Srensen

2016-01-01
The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) from wave energy converters (WECs) needs to be decreased in order to be able to become competitive with
other renewable electricity sources. Probabilistic reliability methods can be used to optimize the structure of WECs. Optimization is often
performed for critical structural components, like welded details, bolts or bearings. This paper considers reliability studies with a focus on plain
bearings available from stock for the Wavestar device, which exists ...
284. Consequences of wave function orthogonality for medium energy nuclear reactions (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:9410280)
()
In the usual models of high-energy bound-state to continuum transitions no account is taken of the orthogonality of the bound and continuum
wave functions. This orthogonality induces considerable cancellations in the overlap integrals expressing the transition amplitudes for reactions
such as (e,e'p), (,p), and (,N), which are simply not included in the distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations which to date remain the
only computationally feasible heirarchy of approximations. The object of this paper is to present a new formulation of the bound-state to
continuum transition problem, based upon flux conservation, in which the orthogonality of wave functions is taken into account ab initio. The new
formulation, while exact if exact wave functions are used, offers the possibility of using approximate wave functions for the continuum states
without doing violence to the cancellations induced by orthogonality. The method is applied to single-particle states obeying the Schroedinger
and Dirac equations, as well as to a coupled-channel model in which absorptive processes can be described in a fully consistent manner. Several
types of absorption vertex are considered, and in the (,N) case the equivalence of pseudoscalar and pseudovector NN coupling is seen to
follow directly from wave function orthogonality
285. Global ULF Wave Energy Transport in the Magnetosphere (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006cosp...36.1171R)

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Rae, I. J.; Mann, I. R.; Donovan, E. F.; Fenrich, F. R.; Watt, C. E. J.; Milling, D. K.; Lester, M.; Singer, H. J.; Reme, H.; Balogh, A.
Transport of ULF wave energy via large-scale wave modes is extremely important in terms of solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling In
this paper we present a study in which we fully characterise and diagnose large-scale ULF wave dynamics on a near-global scale We present a
study using a favourable radial alignment of the Cluster Polar and geosynchronous satellites in the dusk sector during a high solar wind speed
interval We infer that magnetopause undulations observed by Cluster drove compressional waves perhaps in the form of Kelvin-Helmholtz
unstable magnetospheric waveguide modes that propagate inward from the magnetopause These compressional waves couple to resonant field
lines close to location of Polar and geosynchronous orbit and are observed as a field line resonance on the ground Further we analyse the
magnetopause boundary oscillations on both large- and small-scales using the minimum variance technique to identify the planar nature of the
boundary layer magnetopause This has important implications for both the DoubleStar and THEMIS missions together with measurements from
other satellites such as Cluster Geotail and the geosynchronous satellite fleet flank and dayside conjunctions of these satellites will be able to
characterise the full radial and multi-scale nature of Global ULF wave events This technique is valuable for the investigation of tail phenomena
excited via the same K-H activity at the flanks for example in the boundary layer model for magnetospheric substorms
286. Analysis of Energy Overshoot of High Frequency Waves with Wavelet Transform (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?
dbname=zw_qk&wid=0120100300361854)
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WEN Fan
2000-01-01
A study is made on the overshoot phenomena in wind-generated waves. The surface displace ments of time-growing waves are measured at
four fetches in a wind wave channel. The evolution of high frequency waves is displayed with wavelet transform. The results are compared with
Sutherlands. It is found that high frequency wave components experience much stronger energy overshoot in the evolution.The energy of
high frequency waves decreases greatly after overshoot
287. Further Development of SNLSwan, a Validated Wave Energy Converter (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=od______2485::23320a62b11e71bede1eda02f8d8eaa3)
()
Porter, Aaron; Ruehl, Kelley; Chartrand, Chris

2014-01-01
Commercialization of wave energy will lead to the necessary deployment of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) in arrays, or wave farms. In order
for projects in the United States to be approved, regulatory agencies must perform an Environmental Assessment proving little to no
environmental impact. However, little is known about the environmental impacts of such wave farms. As a result, the environmental impacts of
wave farms are largely determined by numerical wave models capable of modeling large ...
288. Offshore energy structures for wind power, wave energy and hybrid marine platforms (http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/2019935)
()
Karimirad, Madjid
2014-01-01
This book provides all the key information needed to design offshore structures for renewable energy applications successfully. Suitable for
practicing engineers and students, the author conveys design principles and best practices in a clear, concise manner, focusing on underlying
physics while eschewing complicated mathematical detail. The text connects underlying scientific theory with industry standards and practical
implementation issues for offshore wind turbines, wave energy converters and current turbines. Combined concepts such as wave-wind energy
platforms are discussed, as well. Cov
289. Structural Optimization of Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Harvesting Water Wave Energy. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26567754)
()
Jiang, Tao; Zhang, Li Min; Chen, Xiangyu; Han, Chang Bao; Tang, Wei; Zhang, Chi; Xu, Liang; Wang, Zhong Lin
2015-12-22
Ocean waves are one of the most abundant energy sources on earth, but harvesting such energy is rather challenging due to various limitations
of current technologies. Recently, networks formed by triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) have been proposed as a promising technology for
harvesting water wave energy. In this work, a basic unit for the TENG network was studied and optimized, which has a box structure composed
of walls made of TENG composed of a wavy-structured Cu-Kapton-Cu film and two FEP thin films, with a metal ball enclosed inside. By
combination of the theoretical calculations and experimental studies, the output performances of the TENG unit were investigated for various
structural parameters, such as the size, mass, or number of the metal balls. From the viewpoint of theory, the output characteristics of TENG
during its collision with the ball were numerically calculated by the finite element method and interpolation method, and there exists an optimum
ball size or mass to reach maximized output power and electric energy. Moreover, the theoretical results were well verified by the experimental
tests. The present work could provide guidance for structural optimization of wavy-structured TENGs for effectively harvesting water wave energy
toward the dream of large-scale blue energy. PMID:26567754
290. Optimization of Reaction Plates for Wave Energy Conversion (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMOS13A1312B)

()
Brown, A. C.
2014-12-01
Reaction forces are generated as energy is extracted from the motion of ocean waves relative to a wave energy converter (WEC). The reaction
forces effect the momentum of the WEC, and in most cases it is beneficial to transfer the loads to a relatively stationary external body. It has
become common for WECs to include reaction plates that use hydrodynamic damping to transfer the loads developed during energy extraction to
the relatively stationary water below the surface of the ocean. Reaction plates allow WECs to use compliant moorings, which reduce mooring
loads and are more easily deployed than taut moorings. Heave plates are commonly used on offshore platforms, but the design of reaction plates
for wave energy converters has received little attention. This work presents an initial optimization of reaction plate form to improve the heave and
surge performance of the WEC reference models developed for the US Department of Energy. The benefits and drawbacks of various reaction
plate geometries are compared, and the impacts on WEC stability, peak loading, and energy production are considered.
291. System for harvesting water wave energy (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/1264419/)

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Wang, Zhong Lin; Su, Yanjie; Zhu, Guang; Chen, Jun

2016-07-19
A generator for harvesting energy from water in motion includes a sheet of a hydrophobic material, having a first side and an opposite second
side, that is triboelectrically more negative than water. A first electrode sheet is disposed on the second side of the sheet of a hydrophobic
material. A second electrode sheet is disposed on the second side of the sheet of a hydrophobic material and is spaced apart from the first
electrode sheet. Movement of the water across the first side induces an electrical potential imbalance between the first electrode sheet and the
second electrode sheet.
292. Energy Release Through Internal Wave Breaking (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=dedup_wf_001::36632f4f4a14f0c07c4dfd88a13e6629)
()
2012-01-01
The sun inputs huge amounts of heat to the ocean, heat that would stay near the ocean's surface if it were not mechanically mixed into the deep.
Warm water is less dense than cold water, so that heated surface waters "float" on top of the cold deep waters. Only active mechanical turbulent
mixing can pump the heat downward. Such mixing requires remarkably little energy, about one-thousandth of the heat stored, but it is crucial for
ocean life and for nutrient and sediment transport. Several me...
293. Experimental Wave Tank Test for Reference Model 3 Floating-Point Absorber Wave Energy Converter Project
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Yu, Y. H.; Lawson, M.; Li, Y.; Previsic, M.; Epler, J.; Lou, J.
2015-01-01
The U.S. Department of Energy established a reference model project to benchmark a set of marine and hydrokinetic technologies including
current (tidal, open-ocean, and river) turbines and wave energy converters. The objectives of the project were to first evaluate the status of these
technologies and their readiness for commercial applications. Second, to evaluate the potential cost of energy and identify cost-reduction
pathways and areas where additional research could be best applied to accelerate technology development to market readiness.
294. Investigation of Wave Energy Converter Effects on Near-shore Wave Fields: Model Generation Validation and Evaluation - Kaneohe Bay HI.
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Roberts, Jesse D.; Chang, Grace; Jones, Craig

2014-09-01
The numerical model, SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore) , was used to simulate wave conditions in Kaneohe Bay, HI in order to determine
the effects of wave energy converter ( WEC ) devices on the propagation of waves into shore. A nested SWAN model was validated then used to
evaluate a range of initial wave conditions: significant wave heights (H s ) , peak periods (T p ) , and mean wave directions ( MWD) . Differences
between wave height s in the presence and absence of WEC device s were assessed at locations in shore of the WEC array. The maximum
decrease in wave height due to the WEC s was predicted to be approximately 6% at 5 m and 10 m water depths. Th is occurred for model
initiation parameters of H s = 3 m (for 5 m water depth) or 4 m (10 m water depth) , T p = 10 s, and MWD = 330deg . Subsequently, bottom
orbital velocities were found to decrease by about 6%.
295. Floating attenuator wave energy device. Wavegen HYDRA project (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/20480553/)
()
NONE
2004-07-01
The Wavegen Project which set out to develop a floating externally tensioned articulated wave-energy generator based on work carried out at
RMCS Shrivenham in the 1980s has been abandoned until further notice. The computer modelling carried out in the early days indicated much
promise, but the promise turned to disappointment when difficulties cropped-up in attempting to put the design into practice. A particular problem
arose in matching the external tension to an equivalent beam stiffness to tune the natural bending frequency of the raft to that of the driving
waves. A further eleven practical problems encountered are discussed.
296. Stochastic Control of Inertial Sea Wave Energy Converter (http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4385674)

()
Mattiazzo, Giuliana; Giorcelli, Ermanno

2015-01-01
The ISWEC (inertial sea wave energy converter) is presented, its control problems are stated, and an optimal control strategy is introduced. As
the aim of the device is energy conversion, the mean absorbed power by ISWEC is calculated for a plane 2D irregular sea state. The response of
the WEC (wave energy converter) is driven by the sea-surface elevation, which is modeled by a stationary and homogeneous zero mean
Gaussian stochastic process. System equations are linearized thus simplifying the numerical model of the device. The resulting response is
obtained as the output of the coupled mechanic-hydrodynamic model of the device. A stochastic suboptimal controller, derived from optimal
control theory, is defined and applied to ISWEC. Results of this approach have been compared with the ones obtained with a linear springdamper controller, highlighting the capability to obtain a higher value of mean extracted power despite higher power peaks. PMID:25874267
297. Innovative rubble mound breakwaters for wave energy conversion (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:47077803)
()
This paper presents a new Wave Energy Converter named Overtopping BReakwater for Energy Conversion (OBREC) which consists of a rubble
mound breakwater with a front reservoir designed with the aim of capturing the wave overtopping in order to produce electricity. The energy is
extracted via low head turbines, using the difference in water levels between the reservoir and the mean sea water level. The new design should
be capable of adding a revenue generation function to a breakwater while adding cost sharing benefits due to integration. The design can be
applied to harbour expansions, existing breakwater maintenance or upgrades due to climate change for a relatively low cost, considering the
breakwater would be built regardless of the inclusion of a WEC
298. A Skin-attachable Flexible Piezoelectric Pulse Wave Energy Harvester (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:47014613)

()
We present a flexible piezoelectric generator, capable to harvest energy from human arterial pulse wave on the human wrist. Special features
and advantages of the flexible piezoelectric generator include the multi-layer device design with contact windows and the simple fabrication
process for the higher flexibility with the better energy harvesting efficiency. We have demonstrated the design effectiveness and the process
simplicity of our skin- attachable flexible piezoelectric pulse wave energy harvester, composed of the sensitive P(VDF-TrFE) piezoelectric layer
on the flexible polyimide support layer with windows. We experimentally characterize and demonstrate the energy harvesting capability of
0.21.0W in the Human heart rate range on the skin contact area of 3.71cm2. Additional physiological and/or vital signal monitoring devices
can be fabricated and integrated on the skin attachable flexible generator, covered by an insulation layer; thus demonstrating the potentials and
advantages of the present device for such applications to the flexible multi-functional selfpowered artificial skins, capable to detect physiological
and/or vital signals on Human skin using the energy harvested from arterial pulse waves
299. Assessment of tidal and wave energy conversion technologies in Canada (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:42004826)
()
This paper presented an attractive option to help meet Canada's future energy needs, notably the vast and energetic Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic
coastal waters which make ocean renewable energy, particularly tidal in-stream energy conversion (TISEC) and wave energy conversion (WEC).
There is much uncertainty regarding the possible environmental impacts associated with their deployment and operation. In support of
commercial development of the industry, a review of scientific knowledge was needed for the development of policy and regulations consistent
with Canada's conservation and sustainability priorities. In April 2009, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) hosted a two-day national science
advisory process meeting in order to determine the current state of knowledge on the environmental impacts of tidal and wave energy conversion
technologies and their application in the Canadian context based on published reports. Potential mitigation measures were identified and the
feasibility of developing a relevant Canadian statement of practice was determined. This report presented an assessment and analysis of wave
power, including the impacts on physical processes; impacts on habitat characteristics; impacts on water quality; impacts of noise and vibrations;
impacts of electromagnetic fields; impacts of physical encounters; cumulative impacts; and mitigation measures. It was concluded that there is a
recognized need to develop and maintain national and regional georeferenced, interoperable, standards-based databases that enable access by
governments, developers, academics, non-governmental organizations and the general public. 1 ref., 1 fig.
300. Comparison of Foundation Systems for Wave Energy Converters Wavestar (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186070731)
()
Vaitkunaite, Evelina; Ibsen, Lars Bo; Nielsen, Benjaminn Nordahl;

2013-01-01
six possible foundation solutions for WEC are presented in this article. The study is performed for WEC superstructure supported by two or four
foundations. In the four-column system horizontal wind and wave loads are transformed as a pair of vertical forces, acting in tension and
compression. When......In order to deliver cost competitive solutions, Wave Energy Converters (WEC) must be optimized in several fields, e.g.
transportation, installation, structure, machinery etc. Large expenses lie on the superstructure support, i.e. the offshore foundation. Geotechnical
analysis and optimization of...... such a solution horizontal wind and wave loads are dominant. Gravity based, pile and bucket foundations are
universally applied solutions for the offshore structures. The suitability of these types for a WEC is analysed and commented. The foundations
are designed to satisfy ultimate and serviceability...
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301. Width effects on hydrodynamics of pendulum wave energy converter (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?

dbname=zw_qk&wid=0120150921778746)
()
; ;
2014-01-01
Based on two- and three-dimensional potential flow theories, the width effects on the hydrodynamics of a bottom-hinged trapezoidal pendulum
wave energy converter are discussed. The two-dimensional eigenfunction expansion method is used to obtain the diffraction and radiation
solutions when the converter width tends to be infinity. The trapezoidal section of the converter is approximated by a rectangular section for
simplification. The nonlinear viscous damping effects are accounted for by including a drag term in the two- and three-dimensional methods. It is
found that the three-dimensional results are in good agreement with the two-dimensional results when the converter width becomes larger,
especially when the converter width is infinity, which shows that both of the methods are reasonable. Meantime, it is also found that the peak
value of the conversion efficiency decreases as the converter width increases in short wave periods while increases when the converter width
increases in long wave periods.
302. Direct Drive Wave Energy Buoy 33rd scale experiment (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/1088832/)
()
Rhinefrank, Kenneth E. [Columbia Power Technologies, Inc.; Lenee-Bluhm, Pukha [Columbia Power Technologies, Inc.; Prudell, Joseph H.
[Columbia Power Technologies, Inc.; Schacher, Alphonse A.; Hammagren, Erik J.; Zhang, Zhe [Columbia Power Technologies, Inc.
2013-07-29
Columbia Power Technologies (ColPwr) and Oregon State University (OSU) jointly conducted a series of tests in the Tsunami Wave Basin
(TWB) at the O.H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory (HWRL). These tests were run between November 2010 and February 2011. Models at
33rd scale representing Columbia Powers Manta series Wave Energy Converter (WEC) were moored in configurations of one, three and five
WEC arrays, with both regular waves and irregular seas generated. The primary research interest of ColPwr is the characterization of WEC
response. The WEC response will be investigated with respect to power performance, range of motion and generator torque/speed statistics. The
experimental results will be used to validate a numerical model. The primary research interests of OSU include an investigation into the effects of
the WEC arrays on the near- and far-field wave propagation. This report focuses on the characterization of the response of a single WEC in
isolation. To facilitate understanding of the commercial scale WEC, results will be presented as full scale equivalents.
303. Wecpos - Wave Energy Coastal Protection Oscillating System: A Numerical Assessment (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?
bibcode=2010EGUGA..12.8867D&link_type=ABSTRACT)
()
Dentale, Fabio; Pugliese Carratelli, Eugenio; Rzzo, Gianfranco; Arsie, Ivan; Davide Russo, Salvatore
2010-05-01
In recent years, the interest in developing new technologies to produce energy with low environmental impact by using renewable sources has
grown exponentially all over the world. In this context, the experiences made to derive electricity from the sea (currents, waves, etc.) are of
particular interest. At the moment, due to the many existing experiments completed or still in progress, it is quite impossible explain what has
been obtained but it is worth mentioning the EMEC, which summarizes the major projects in the world. Another important environmental aspect,
also related to the maritime field, is the coastal protection from the sea waves. Even in this field, since many years, the structural and nonstructural solutions which can counteract this phenomenon are analyzed, in order to cause the least possible damage to the environment. The
studies in development by the researchers of the University of Salerno are based on these two aspect previously presented. Considering the
technologies currently available, a submerged system has been designed, WECPOS (Wave Energy Coastal Protection Oscillating System), to be
located on relatively shallow depths, to can be used simultaneously for both electricity generation and for the coastal protection using the
oscillating motion of the water particles. The single element constituting the system is realized by a fixed base and three movable panels that can
fluctuate in a fixed angle. The waves interact with the panels generating an alternative motion which can be exploited to produce electricity. At the
same time, the constraint movement imposed for the rotation of the panels is a barrier to the wave propagation phenomena, triggering the
breaking in the downstream part of the device. So the wave energy will be dissipated obtaining a positive effect for the coastal protection.
Currently, the efficiency and effectiveness of the system (WECPOS single module) has been studied by using numerical models. Using the
FLOW-3D
304. Performance of a Tethered Point Wave-Energy Absorber in Regular and Irregular Waves
()
Bachynski, Erin E.
2010-01-01
The importance of the mooring system on the dynamic response of a point-absorber type ocean-wave energy converter (WEC) is investigated
using a frequency-domain approach. In order to ensure the safety of WECs, careful consideration of the response and resonance frequencies in
all motions must be evaluated, including the effects of the mooring system. In this study, a WEC floater with a closed, flat bottom is modeled as a
rigid vertical cylinder tethered by elastic mooring lines. The WEC hydrodynamic added mass and damping are obtained using established
potential-flow methods, with additional damping provided by the energy-extraction system. The results show that the response of the WEC, and
the corresponding power takeoff, varies with the diameter-to-draft (D=T) ratio, mooring system stiffness, and mass distribution. For a given wave
climate in Northern California, near San Francisco, the heave energy extraction is found to be best for a shallow WEC with a soft mooring
system, compared to other systems that were examined. This result assumes a physical limit (cap) on the motion which is related to the
significant wave height to draft ratio. Shallow draft designs, however, may experience excessive pitch motions and relatively larger viscous
damping. In order to mitigate the pitch response, the pitch radius of gyration should be small and the center of mass should be low. Copyright
2010 by ASME.
305. Power inversion design for ocean wave energy harvesting (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhDT........35T)
()
Talebani, Anwar N.
The needs for energy sources are increasing day by day because of several factors, such as oil depletion, and global climate change due to the
higher level of CO2, so the exploration of various renewable energy sources is very promising area of study. The available ocean waves can be
utilized as free source of energy as the water covers 70% of the earth surface. This thesis presents the ocean wave energy as a source of
renewable energy. By addressing the problem of designing efficient power electronics system to deliver 5 KW from the induction generator to the
grid with less possible losses and harmonics as possible and to control current fed to the grid to successfully harvest ocean wave energy. We
design an AC-DC full bridge rectifier converter, and a DC-DC boost converter to harvest wave energy from AC to regulated DC. In order to
increase the design efficiency, we need to increase the power factor from (0.5-0.6) to 1. This is accomplished by designing the boost converter
with power factor correction in continues mode with RC circuit as an input to the boost converter power factor correction. This design results in a
phase shift between the input current and voltage of the full bridge rectifier to generate a small reactive power. The reactive power is injected to
the induction generator to maintain its functionality by generating a magnetic field in its stator. Next, we design a single-phase pulse width
modulator full bridge voltage source DC-AC grid-tied mode inverter to harvest regulated DC wave energy to AC. The designed inverter is
modulated by inner current loop, to control current injected to the grid with minimal filter component to maintain power quality at the grid. The
simulation results show that our design successfully control the current level fed to the grid. It is noteworthy that the simulated efficiency is higher
than the calculated one since we used an ideal switch in the simulated circuit.
306. Wave energy budget analysis in the Earth's radiation belts uncovers a missing energy (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=dedup_wf_001::ae445847df36f5378a5d911624b7cad3)
()
Artemyev, A.V.; Agapitov, O. V.; D. Mourenas; Krasnoselskikh, V. V.; Mozer, F. S.

2015-01-01
Whistler-mode emissions are important electromagnetic waves pervasive in the Earth's magnetosphere, where they continuously remove or
energize electrons trapped by the geomagnetic field, controlling radiation hazards to satellites and astronauts and the upper-atmosphere
ionization or chemical composition. Here, we report an analysis of 10-year Cluster data, statistically evaluating the full wave energy budget in the
Earth's magneto-sphere, revealing that a significant fraction of the energy c...
307. An Optimal Control Method for Maximizing the Efficiency of Direct Drive Ocean Wave Energy Extraction System
(https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=od_______908::054e0055b25235e1225f15f7af318475)
()
Chen, Zhongxian; Yu, Haitao; Wen, Cheng

2014-01-01
The goal of direct drive ocean wave energy extraction system is to convert ocean wave energy into electricity. The problem explored in this paper
is the design and optimal control for the direct drive ocean wave energy extraction system. An optimal control method based on internal model
proportion integration differentiation (IM-PID) is proposed in this paper though most of ocean wave energy extraction systems are optimized by
the structure, weight, and material. With this control method, the...
308. Wave Energy Conversion and Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Potential in Developing Member Countries
(https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=od_______645::e1616d2f61a413e1f185abd31d1f3e9e)
()
Asian Development Bank

2014-01-01
Wave energy conversion (WEC) and Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) are two potentially significant sources of renewable energy that
are available to help the Asian Development Banks (ADB) developing member countries (DMCs) reduce their dependence on fossil-fuel
based energy generation and bolster energy security. This report summarizes WEC and OTEC information that is available in the public domain
for the DMCsand assesses the viability of using these resources to produce electricity. I...
309. An Experimental Study on A Trapezoidal Pendulum Wave Energy Converter in Regular Waves (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?
()
; ;
2015-01-01
Experimental studies were conducted on a trapezoidal pendulum wave energy converter in regular waves. To obtain the incident wave height,
the analytical method (AM) was used to separate the incident and reflected waves propagating in a wave flume by analysing wave records
measured at two locations. The response amplitude operator (RAO), primary conversion efficiency and the total conversion efficiency of the wave
energy converter were studied; furthermore, the power take-off damping coefficients corresponding to the load resistances in the experiment
were also obtained. The findings demonstrate that the natural period for a pendulum wave energy converter is relatively large. A lower load
resistance gives rise to a larger damping coefficient. The model shows relatively higher wave energy conversion efficiency in the range of 1.0-1.2
s for the incident wave period. The maximum primary conversion efficiency achieved was 55.5%, and the maximum overall conversion efficiency
was 39.4%.
310. Using network analysis to understand public policy for wave energy (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:46035227)
()
The UKs wave energy sector is at a pre-commercial stage transitioning from prototype/demonstration towards a revenue supported industry.
A host of advantages that could be realised through successful commercialisation include; the potential to generate 4050 TWh/yr, 3.7bn of
export, and 10,000+ jobs by 2020 (with tidal). Despite this, criticisms have been made about the lack of; coordination between funding bodies,
communication between stakeholders and overly centralised actors. Although the value of strong problem solving networks has been noted,
problems arise in validating the presence, nature and value of relationships as well as identification of tacit and informal linkages. Here network
analysis is used to validate these criticisms and provide insight into sector activities. It is shown that although high levels of interaction are
occurring overall, there are wide disparities. Prime movers are clearly present and less mature developers are isolated from the system as it
develops norms and practices. This, combined with government fund gating has led to a Matthew effect whereby some have access to finance
and are shaping institutional norms while others struggle. Although convergence is expected, a lack of public sector coordination, transparency of
decision making and comparability between devices has reduced both investor and stakeholder legitimacy. -- Highlights: Network analysis of
the UK wave energy sector. Introduction of network analysis metrics as an analytical tool within innovation systems. Identification of
government fund gating for technologies within UK wave energy sector. Identification of Mathew effect among device developers within the
UK wave energy sector
311. R&D Towards Commercialization of Sea Wave Slot Cone Generator (SSG) Overtopping Wave Energy Converter
(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/52276928/R_D_Towards_Commercialization_of_Sea_Wave_Slot_Cone_Generator_SSG_Overtopping_Wave_Energy_Converter.pdf)
()
Margheritini, Lucia
the form of oil and natural gas. Climate destabilizing carbon-dioxide emissions would continue to rise, calling into question the long-term
sustainability of the global energy system. More vigorous government policies in consuming countries are steering the world onto an energy path
oriented to reduce...... the consumption of fossil fuels and related greenhouse-gas emissions and to the development of Renewable Energy
Sources (RES). Diversification of RES is fundamental in such a path to ensure sustainability. In this contest wave energy can provide great
contribution, having its worldwide resource been...... sea prototype testing and eventually commercialization. After the phase of R&D developers
had spent at least 15 mill Euro in average (Kofoed et al. 2008). Good ideas can fail between the R&D and market stage. This event is described
by Tom Delay, Head of the Carbon Trust, as falling into the valley...
312. An assessment of global ocean wave energy resources over the last 45 a (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?
dbname=zw_qk&wid=0120140602583981)
()
ZHENG Chongwei; SHAO Longtan; SHI Wenli; SU Qin; LIN Gang; LI Xunqiang; CHEN Xiaobin
2014-01-01
Against the background of the current world facing an energy crisis, and human beings puzzled by the prob-lems of environment and resources,
developing clean energy sources becomes the inevitable choice to deal with a climate change and an energy shortage. A global ocean wave
energy resource was reanalyzed by using ERA-40 wave reanalysis data 1957-2002 from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather
Forecast-s (ECMWF). An effective significant wave height is defined in the development of wave energy resources (short as effective SWH), and
the total potential of wave energy is exploratively calculated. Synthetically considering a wave energy density, a wave energy level probability, the
frequency of the effective SWH, the stability and long-term trend of wave energy density, a swell index and a wave energy storage, global ocean
wave energy resources were reanalyzed and regionalized, providing reference to the development of wave energy resources such as wave
power plant location, seawater desalination, heating, pumping.
313. Strategy for the development of wave energy utilization in Denmark through an industrial partnership
()
Nielsen, Kim; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Krogh, Jan;

2013-01-01
The Danish wave energy sector has during 2011-12 carried out a project called A new strategy for wave energy through industrial
partnership described in the document Wave Energy Technology, Strategy for Research, Development and Demonstration 2012 [1].
The project was funded by the Danish...... Energy Agencys EUDP programme. By 2030 at the latest, the development of wave energy
technology will provide a cost-effective and sustainable electricity supply from offshore energy farms in Denmark. The strategy assumes that
wave energy in combinations with wind farms will become more cost......-effective than off-shore wind power, placed in deep sea far from shore
and that the development will take place through an extended cooperation revolving around the technology development and supported by
improved financial conditions for wave energy. The vision that the Danish wave energy industry will be able...
314. Energy supply technologies. Hydro, ocean, wave and tidal (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?query_id=1&page=0&osti_id=20956043)
()
Fenhann, J.; Larsen, Hans [Risoe National Lab. - DTU (Denmark)

2007-11-15
This chapter presents an overview of current hydro, ocean, wave and tidal initiatives. Large hydro remains one of the lowest-cost generating
technologies, although environmental constraints, resettlement impacts and the limited availability of sites have restricted further growth in many
countries. Large hydro supplied 16 % of global electricity in 2004, down from 19 % a decade ago. Large hydro capacity totalled about 720 GW
worldwide in 2004 and has grown historically at slightly more than 2 % annually. China installed nearly 8 GW of large hydro in 2004, taking the
country to number one in terms of installed capacity (74 GW). With the completion of the Three Gorges Dam, China will add some 18.2 GW of
hydro capacity in 2009. The socio-economic benefits of hydro include improved flood control and water supply. The socio-economic benefits of
hydro include improved flood control and water supply. The socio-economic cost of hydro includes displacements and submergence. Further
hydro can improve peak-capacity management. Ocean currents, some of which runs close to European coasts, carry a lot of kinetic energy. Part
of this energy can be captured by sub-marine windmills and converted into electricity. These are more compact than the wind turbines used on
land, simply because water is much denser than air. The main European countries with useful current power potential are France and the UK.
Ocean tides are driven by the gravitational pull of the moon. With one high tide every 12 hours, a tidal power plant can operate for only four or
five hours per cycle, so power from a single plant is intermittent. A suitably-designed tidal plant can, however, operate as a pimped storage
system, using electricity during periods of low demand to store energy that can be recovered later. The only large, modern example of a tidal
power plant is the 240 MW La Rance plant, built in France in the 1960s, which represents 91 % of the world tidal power capacity. Wave energy
can be seen as
315. Physical Modelling of an Array of 25 Heaving Wave Energy Converters to Quantify Variation of Response and Wave Conditions
()
Troch, P.; Stratigaki, V.; Stallard, Tim;

2013-01-01
evaluation of array interaction models and environmental scale models. Each wave energy converter unit has a diameter of 0.315 m and power
absorption is due to friction of both a power take off system and bearings. Response is measured on all floats and surge force on five floats.
Wave gauges are located...... particular emphasis on the individual wave energy converters and wave conditions employed. Reasonable
agreement is observed between measured response for single floats and power output and float response predicted using a linear time domain
model. For an array of 25 floats, up to 16.3% reduction of...
316. High partial wave nucleon nucleon inelasticity at medium energies (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:16009017)
()
High partial wave NN inelasticity parameters at medium energies, Tsub(lab) 33N amplitude. In the isospin 0 states, the S11N amplitude
dominates, the P13 contribution, small near threshold, becomes sizeable at higher energies. It is also shown that in contrast to earlier
calculations the P11N amplitude contribution is generally negligible and significant only in the 3G3NN amplitude. These theoretical inelasticity
parameters can be used to enhance the accuracy of phase shift analyzes
317. Internal wave pressure, velocity, and energy flux from density perturbations (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhRvF...1a4301A)
()
Allshouse, Michael R.; Lee, Frank M.; Morrison, Philip J.; Swinney, Harry L.
2016-05-01
Determination of energy transport is crucial for understanding the energy budget and fluid circulation in density varying fluids such as the ocean
and the atmosphere. However, it is rarely possible to determine the energy flux field J =p u , which requires simultaneous measurements of the
pressure and velocity perturbation fields p and u , respectively. We present a method for obtaining the instantaneous J (x ,z ,t ) from density
perturbations alone: A Green's function-based calculation yields p ; u is obtained by integrating the continuity equation and the incompressibility
condition. We validate our method with results from Navier-Stokes simulations: The Green's function method is applied to the density
perturbation field from the simulations and the result for J is found to agree typically to within 1% with J computed directly using p and u from the
Navier-Stokes simulation. We also apply the Green's function method to density perturbation data from laboratory schlieren measurements of
internal waves in a stratified fluid and the result for J agrees to within 6 % with results from Navier-Stokes simulations. Our method for
determining the instantaneous velocity, pressure, and energy flux fields applies to any system described by a linear approximation of the density
perturbation field, e.g., to small-amplitude lee waves and propagating vertical modes. The method can be applied using our matlab graphical user
interface EnergyFlux.
318. Artificial ocean upwelling utilizing the energy of surface waves (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1818108S)
()
Soloviev, Alexander
2016-04-01
Artificial upwelling can bring cold water from below the thermocline to the sea surface. Vershinsky, Pshenichnyy, and Soloviev (1987) developed
a prototype device, utilizing the energy of surface waves to create an upward flow of water in the tube. This is a wave-inertia pump consisting of a
vertical tube, a valve, and a buoy to keep the device afloat. An outlet valve at the top of the unit synchronizes the operation of the device with
surface waves and prevents back-splashing. A single device with a 100 m long and 1.2 m diameter tube is able to produce up to 1 m3s1 flow
of deep water to the surface. With a 10 oC temperature difference over 100 m depth, the negative heat supply rate to the sea surface is 42 MW,
which is equivalent to a 42 Wm2 heat flux, if distributed over 1 km2 area. Such flux is comparable to the average net air-sea flux. A system of
artificial upwelling devices can cool down the sea surface, modify climate on a regional scale and possibly help mitigate hurricanes. The cold
water brought from a deeper layer, however, has a larger density than the surface water and therefore has a tendency to sink back down. In this
work, the efficiency of wave-inertia pumps and climatic consequences are estimated for different environmental conditions using a computational
fluid dynamics model.
319. Design and analysis of wave energy converter for a buoy (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:44079277)
()
This paper introduces the design method for the practical use of a wave energy converter (WEC), and the associated results are application to
the commercially available WEC for buoys. Peak performance of WEC occurs at resonance with driving waves. This type of resonance occurs
when one of the parameters in an oscillator varies periodically. The water column in a WEC oscillates under the effect of gravity and the
compression of an air chamber. The analysis of WEC is developed by assuming independence of the buoy heaving motion and the motion of the
water column within the center cylinder. Results of analysis are then compared with simulation data, and applied to designing a WEC for buoys.
Also, the effect of the various parameters such as cylinder length, period, mass and wave height is analyzed for the optimum design of a WEC.
Finally, the research results are applied to a wave simulator with operating LabView, and some ideas are presented to the design method of
WEC for buoy with simulation experiment
320. Wave-mean flow interaction and its relationship with the atmospheric energy cycle with diabatic heating
()
DUAN; Anmin
2005-01-01
Based on the traditional theory of wave mean flow interaction, an improved quasi-geostrophic Eliassen-Palm flux with diabatic heating included is
deduced. It is shown that there exists an intrinsic relation between the atmospheric energy cycle derived by Lorenz and the wave energy transfer
derived by Eliassen and Palm. From this relation it becomes clear that the energy propagation process of large-scale stationary wave is indeed a
part of Lorenz energy cycle, and the energy transform from mean flow to wave equals the global mass integral of the divergence of local wave
energy flux or the global integral of local wave energy. The diagnostic results by using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data suggest that the classical
adiabatic Eliassen-Palm flux relation can present only the wintertime wave energy transformation. For other seasons, however, the diabatic effect
must be taken into account.
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321. Analysis of the impacts of Wave Energy Converter arrays on the nearshore wave climate in the Pacific Northwest
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMOS13E..07O)
()
O'Dea, A.; Haller, M. C.

2013-12-01
As concerns over the use of fossil fuels increase, more and more effort is being put into the search for renewable and reliable sources of energy.
Developments in ocean technologies have made the extraction of wave energy a promising alternative. Commercial exploitation of wave energy
would require the deployment of arrays of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) that include several to hundreds of individual devices. Interactions
between WECs and ocean waves result in both near-field and far-field changes in the incident wave field, including a significant decrease in
wave height and a redirection of waves in the lee of the array, referred to as the wave shadow. Nearshore wave height and direction are directly
related to the wave radiation stresses that drive longshore currents, rip currents and nearshore sediment transport, which suggests that
significant far-field changes in the wave field due to WEC arrays could have an impact on littoral processes. The goal of this study is to
investigate the changes in nearshore wave conditions and radiation stress forcing as a result of an offshore array of point-absorber type WECs
using a nested SWAN model, and to determine how array size, configuration, spacing and distance from shore influence these changes. The two
sites of interest are the Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center (NNMREC) test sites off the coast of Newport Oregon, the North
Energy Test Site (NETS) and the South Energy Test Site (SETS). NETS and SETS are permitted wave energy test sites located approximately 4
km and 10 km offshore, respectively. Twenty array configurations are simulated, including 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 devices in two and three
staggered rows in both closely spaced (three times the WEC diameter) and widely spaced (ten times the WEC diameter) arrays. Daily offshore
wave spectra are obtained from a regional WAVEWATCH III hindcast for 2011, which are then propagated across the continental shelf using
SWAN. Arrays are represented in SWAN
322. Floating attenuator wave energy device: Wavegen HYDRA project (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/20496395/)
()
NONE
2004-07-01
This report describes research funded by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) into the feasibility of developing and constructing a floating
attenuator wave energy device known as HYDRA following initial studies by Wavegen. HYDRA is a floating externally tensioned articulated raft
wave energy generator based on work by Professor FJM Farley and colleagues during the 1980s. The project's first four work tasks confirmed
the theoretical potential of the device but also highlighted significant practical problems in translating that potential into a viable design. It was
therefore decided not to proceed further, i.e. not to construct and test a prototype device. The report provides a general description of the device
and describes the results of the initial analysis and the first series of model tests. It then discusses device design and component testing and
explains the methodology for determining device performance at a particular site and mathematical modelling of a one-third scale device. To help
future research and development programmes, the report emphasises the generic problems associated with the development of wave devices.
323. Equilibrium distribution of the wave energy in a carbyne chain (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhSS...58..611K)

()
Kovriguine, D. A.; Nikitenkova, S. P.

2016-03-01
The steady-state energy distribution of thermal vibrations at a given ambient temperature has been investigated based on a simple mathematical
model that takes into account central and noncentral interactions between carbon atoms in a one-dimensional carbyne chain. The investigation
has been performed using standard asymptotic methods of nonlinear dynamics in terms of the classical mechanics. In the first-order nonlinear
approximation, there have been revealed resonant wave triads that are formed at a typical nonlinearity of the system under phase matching
conditions. Each resonant triad consists of one longitudinal and two transverse vibration modes. In the general case, the chain is characterized
by a superposition of similar resonant triplets of different spectral scales. It has been found that the energy equipartition of nonlinear stationary
waves in the carbyne chain at a given temperature completely obeys the standard Rayleigh-Jeans law due to the proportional amplitude
dispersion. The possibility of spontaneous formation of three-frequency envelope solitons in carbyne has been demonstrated. Heat in the form of
such solitons can propagate in a chain of carbon atoms without diffusion, like localized waves.
324. Wave Energy Conversion: Direct Coupled Point Absorber in Heave with Induction Machine as Power Take Off
(https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=nora_uio__no::aafba8e2285908de8d47132a68c1cee1)
()
Skjervheim, Ottar
2007-01-01
In the area of offshore renewable, wave energy can give great contribution. There has been research for developing wave energy converters
since the late eighteenth century when the first patent was applied for in 1799 [1], without any remarkable breakthrough. This master thesis will
discuss the topic of wave energy conversion by a point absorber in heave with a directly coupled induction machine power take off. A wave to
wire approach has been attempted in this thesis. The tool needed is a h...
325. On the park effect in arrays of oscillating wave energy converters (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=dedup_wf_001::97e204e96143c2b42a8c4614a03621ed)
()
Babarit, A.
2013-01-01
This paper aims to provide guidelines for designing the layout of arrays of oscillating Wave EnergyConverters (WECs) based on a review of the
literature of wave interactions and park effect in WEC arraysthat has been published over the past 30 years.First, the fundamentals of wave
energy absorption by oscillating bodies are summarised, and theprincipal differences between the park effect in arrays of wave energy converters
and wind turbinesare highlighted. Then, the numerical approaches commo...
326. Wave Energy Conversion : Simulation Verification and Linearization of Direct Drive Wave Energy Converter with Variable DC-link Voltage Control
(https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=dedup_wf_001::1f2782e07d283e53fdd04e54cea4c1cb)
()
Ditlefsen, Arne Marius

2009-01-01
Lowering the cost of wave energy conversion is an essential task for it to succeed as a future energy resource. In this work a converter, assumed
cheaper than the regular back to back converter setting, have been investigated for a electric direct drive point absorber. Both experimental work
and simulations are used in the analysis. In the experimental work, a permanent magnet generator with a 6-pulse diode rectifier, a DC-link and a
DC/DC converter equivalent, was used. Steady state, dynamic...
327. Wind, Wave, and Tidal Energy Without Power Conditioning (http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130012646)
()
Jones, Jack A.
2013-01-01
Most present wind, wave, and tidal energy systems require expensive power conditioning systems that reduce overall efficiency. This new design
eliminates power conditioning all, or nearly all, of the time. Wind, wave, and tidal energy systems can transmit their energy to pumps that send
high-pressure fluid to a central power production area. The central power production area can consist of a series of hydraulic generators. The
hydraulic generators can be variable displacement generators such that the RPM, and thus the voltage, remains constant, eliminating the need
for further power conditioning. A series of wind blades is attached to a series of radial piston pumps, which pump fluid to a series of axial piston
motors attached to generators. As the wind is reduced, the amount of energy is reduced, and the number of active hydraulic generators can be
reduced to maintain a nearly constant RPM. If the axial piston motors have variable displacement, an exact RPM can be maintained for all, or
nearly all, wind speeds. Analyses have been performed that show over 20% performance improvements with this technique over conventional
wind turbines
328. Holocene reef development where wave energy reduces accommodation (http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70121280)
()
Grossman, Eric E.; Fletcher, Charles H.

2004-01-01
Analyses of 32 drill cores obtained from the windward reef of Kailua Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, indicate that high wave energy significantly reduced
accommodation space for reef development in the Holocene and produced variable architecture because of the combined influence of sea-level
history and wave exposure over a complex antecedent topography. A paleostream valley within the late Pleistocene insular limestone shelf
provided accommodation space for more than 11 m of vertical accretion since sea level flooded the bay 8000 yr BP. Virtually no net accretion
(pile-up of fore-reef-derived rubble (rudstone) and sparse bindstone, and (3) a final stage of catch-up bindstone accretion in depths > 6 m. Coral
framestone accreted at rates of 2.5-6.0 mm/yr in water depths > 11 m during the early Holocene; it abruptly terminated at ~4500 yr BP because
of wave scour as sea level stabilized. More than 4 m of rudstone derived from the upper fore reef accreted at depths of 6 to 13 m below sea level
between 4000 and 1500 yr BP coincident with late Holocene relative sea-level fall. Variations in the thickness, composition, and age of these reef
facies across spatial scales of 10-1000 m within Kailua Bay illustrate the importance of antecedent topography and wave-related stress in
reducing accommodation space for reef development set by sea level. Although accommodation space of 6 to 17 m has existed through most of
the Holocene, the Kailua reef has been unable to catch up to sea level because of persistent high wave stress.
329. Wake effects behind a farm of wave energy converters for irregular long-crested and short-crested waves
(https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=dedup_wf_001::55d77261b15d0963f7b8f011b333785d)
()
P. Troch; Beels, C.; De Rouck, J; de Backer, G

2010-01-01
The contribution of wave energy to the renewable energy supply is rising. To extract a considerable amount of wave power, Wave Energy
Converters (WECs) are arranged in several rows or in a farm. WECs in a farm are interacting (e.g. the presence of other WECs
influence the operational behaviour of a single WEC) and the overall power absorption is affected. In this paper wake effects in the lee of a single
WEC and multiple WECs of the overtopping type, where the water volume of overtopped wav...
330. Wave energy absorption by a floating air bag (http://arxiv.org/pdf/1608.04874.pdf)

()
Kurniawan, A; Greaves, D M; Hann, M; Farley, F J M

2016-01-01
A floating air bag, ballasted in water, expands and contracts as it heaves under wave action. Connecting the bag to a secondary volume via a
turbine transforms the bag into a device capable of generating useful energy from the waves. Small-scale measurements of the device reveal
some interesting properties, which are successfully predicted numerically. Owing to its compressibility, the device can have a resonance period
longer than that of a rigid device of the same shape and size, without any phase control. Furthermore, varying the amount of air in the bag is
found to change its shape and hence its dynamic response, while varying the turbine damping or the air volume ratio changes the dynamic
response without changing the shape.
331. Medium-induced jet evolution: wave turbulence and energy loss (http://arxiv.org/pdf/1409.2010.pdf)
()
Fister, Leonard
2014-01-01
We study the gluon cascade generated via successive medium-induced branchings by an energetic parton propagating through a dense QCD
medium. We focus on the high-energy regime where the energy $E$ of the leading particle is much larger than the characteristic medium scale
$\\omega_c=\\hat q L^2/2$, with $\\hat q$ the jet quenching parameter and $L$ the distance travelled through the medium. In this regime the
leading particle loses only a small fraction $\\sim\\alpha_s(\\omega_c/E)$ of its energy and can be treated as a steady source of radiation for
gluons with energies $\\omega\\le\\omega_c$. For this effective problem with a source, we obtain exact analytic solutions for the gluon spectrum
and the energy flux. The solutions exhibit wave turbulence: the basic physical process is a continuing fragmentation which is `quasi-democratic'
(i.e. quasi-local in energy) and which provides an energy transfer from the source to the medium at a rate (the energy flux $\\mathcal{F}$) which
is quasi-independent of $\\omega$. The loc...
332. Efficiency of a gyroscopic device for conversion of mechanical wave energy to electrical energy
(http://orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/6428005/prod11324502652514.JoltechESGI83%5B1%5D.pdf)
()
Carlsen, Martin; Darula, Radoslav; Gravesen, Jens;

2011-01-01
We consider a recently proposed gyroscopic device for conversion of mechanical ocean wave energy to electrical energy. Two models of the
device derived from standard engineering mechanics from the literature are analysed, and a model is derived from analytical mechanics
considerations. From these...... models, estimates of the power production, eciency, forces and moments are made. We nd that it is possible to
extract a signicant amount of energy from an ocean wave using the described device. Further studies are required for a full treatment of the
device....
333. Reference Model 6 (RM6): Oscillating Wave Energy Converter. (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/1159445/)

()
Bull, Diana L; Smith, Chris; Jenne, Dale Scott; Jacob, Paul; Copping, Andrea; Willits, Steve; Fontaine, Arnold; Brefort, Dorian; Gordon, Margaret
Ellen; Copeland, Robert; Jepsen, Richard Alan
2014-10-01
This report is an addendum to SAND2013-9040: Methodology for Design and Economic Analysis of Marine Energy Conversion (MEC)
Technologies. This report describes an Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converter reference model design in a complementary manner to
Reference Models 1-4 contained in the above report. In this report, a conceptual design for an Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converter
(WEC) device appropriate for the modeled reference resource site was identified, and a detailed backward bent duct buoy (BBDB) device design
was developed using a combination of numerical modeling tools and scaled physical models. Our team used the methodology in SAND20139040 for the economic analysis that included costs for designing, manufacturing, deploying, and operating commercial-scale MEC arrays, up to
100 devices. The methodology was applied to identify key cost drivers and to estimate levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for this RM6 Oscillating
Water Column device in dollars per kilowatt-hour ($/kWh). Although many costs were difficult to estimate at this time due to the lack of
operational experience, the main contribution of this work was to disseminate a detailed set of methodologies and models that allow for an initial
cost analysis of this emerging technology. This project is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Wind and Water Power
Technologies Program Office (WWPTO), within the Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE). Sandia National Laboratories, the
lead in this effort, collaborated with partners from National Laboratories, industry, and universities to design and test this reference model.
334. Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Acoustic Wave Energy After the Nonlinear Interaction of Acoustic Waves in Aqueous Media
()
; ; ; ; ;
2015-01-01
Based on the Burgers equation and Manley-Rowe equation, the derivation about nonlinear interaction of the acoustic waves has been done in
this paper. After nonlinear interaction among the low-frequency weak waves and the pump wave, the analytical solutions of acoustic waves
amplitude in the field are deduced. The relationship between normalized energy of high-frequency and the change of acoustic energy before and
after the nonlinear interaction of the acoustic waves is analyzed. The experimental results about the changes of the acoustic energy are
presented. The study shows that new frequencies are generated and the energies of the low-frequency are modulated in a long term by the
pump waves, which leads the energies of the low-frequency acoustic waves to change in the pulse trend in the process of the nonlinear
interaction of the acoustic waves. The increase and decrease of the energies of the low-frequency are observed under certain typical conditions,
which lays a foundation for practical engineering applications.
335. Results of an Experimental Study of the Langlee Wave Energy Converter

(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/45123956/Results_of_an_Experimental_Study_of_the_Langlee_Wave_Energy_Converter.pdf)
()
Pecher, Arthur; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Espedal, J.;

2010-01-01
This paper presents the results of the first experimental study of the Langlee wave energy converter (WEC), a semi-submerged oscillating wave
surge converter. Its design extracts the energy from the surge motion of the waves through two pairs of working flaps, called water wings, which
are placed...
336. 3 Years Experience with Energy Production on the Nissum Bredning Wave Dragon Prototype
(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/5608187/3_years_experience_with_energy_productionon_the_Nissum_Bredning_Wave_Dragon_Proto_Type)
()
Frigaard, Peter; Tedd, James; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Friis-Madsen, E.

2006-01-01
Wave Dragon is a floating wave energy converter working by extracting energy principally by means of overtopping of waves into a reservoir. A
1:4.5 scale prototype has been sea tested for 20 months. This paper presents results from testing, experiences gained and developments made
during this...
337. Energy scaling of terahertz-wave parametric sources. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25836452)

()
Tang, Guanqi; Cong, Zhenhua; Qin, Zengguang; Zhang, Xingyu; Wang, Weitao; Wu, Dong; Li, Ning; Fu, Qiang; Lu, Qingming; Zhang, Shaojun
2015-02-23
Terahertz-wave parametric oscillators (TPOs) have advantages of room temperature operation, wide tunable range, narrow line-width, good
coherence. They have also disadvantage of small pulse energy. In this paper, several factors preventing TPOs from generating high-energy THz
pulses and the corresponding solutions are analyzed. A scheme to generate high-energy THz pulses by using the combination of a TPO and a
Stokes-pulse-injected terahertz-wave parametric generator (spi-TPG) is proposed and demonstrated. A TPO is used as a source to generate a
seed pulse for the surface-emitted spi-TPG. The time delay between the pump and Stokes pulses is adjusted to guarantee they have good
temporal overlap. The pump pulses have a large pulse energy and a large beam size. The Stokes beam is enlarged to make its size be larger
than the pump beam size to have a large effective interaction volume. The experimental results show that the generated THz pulse energy from
the spi-TPG is 1.8 times as large as that obtained from the TPO for the same pumping pulse energy density of 0.90 J/cm(2) and the same
pumping beam size of 3.0 mm. When the pumping beam sizes are 5.0 and 7.0 mm, the enhancement times are 3.7 and 7.5, respectively. The
spi-TPG here is similar to a difference frequency generator; it can also be used as a Stokes pulse amplifier. PMID:25836452
338. Advanced, High Power, Next Scale, Wave Energy Conversion Device (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/1097434/)
()
Mekhiche, Mike [Principal Investigator; Dufera, Hiz [Project Manager; Montagna, Deb [Business Point of Contact
2012-10-29
The project conducted under DOE contract DEEE0002649 is defined as the Advanced, High Power, Next Scale, Wave Energy Converter. The
overall project is split into a sevenstage, gated development program. The work conducted under the DOE contract is OPT Stage Gate III work
and a portion of Stage Gate IV work of the seven stage product development process. The project effort includes Full Concept Design &
Prototype Assembly Testing building on our existing PowerBuoy technology to deliver a device with much increased power delivery. Scalingup
from 150kW to 500kW power generating capacity required changes in the PowerBuoy design that addressed cost reduction and mass
manufacturing by implementing a Design for Manufacturing (DFM) approach. The design changes also focused on reducing PowerBuoy
Installation, Operation and Maintenance (IO&M) costs which are essential to reducing the overall cost of energy. In this design, changes to the
core PowerBuoy technology were implemented to increase capability and reduce both CAPEX and OPEX costs. OPT conceptually envisaged
moving from a floating structure to a seabed structure. The design change from a floating structure to seabed structure would provide the
implementation of stroke unlimited Power TakeOff (PTO) which has a potential to provide significant power delivery improvement and
transform the wave energy industry if proven feasible.
339. Multimessenger astrophysics: When gravitational waves meet high energy neutrinos (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?
()
Di Palma, Irene, E-mail: Irene.DiPalma@aei.mpg.de

2014-04-01
With recent development of experimental techniques that have opened new windows of observation of the cosmic radiation in all its components,
multi-messenger astronomy is entering an exciting era. Many astrophysical sources and cataclysmic cosmic events with burst activity can be
plausible sources of concomitant gravitational waves (GWs) and high-energy neutrinos (HENs). Such messengers could reveal hidden and new
sources that are not observed by conventional photon astronomy, in particular at high energy. Requiring consistency between GW and HEN
detection channels enables new searches and a detection would yield significant additional information about the common source. We present
the results of the first search for gravitational wave bursts associated with high energy neutrino triggers, detected by the underwater neutrino
telescope ANTARES in its 5 line configuration, during the fifth LIGO science run and first Virgo science run. No evidence for coincident events
was found. We place a lower limit on the distance to GW sources associated with every HEN trigger. We are able to rule out the existence of
coalescing binary neutron star systems and black holeneutron star systems up to distances that are typically 5 Mpc and 10 Mpc respectively.
340. Relationship between wave energy and free energy from pickup ions in the Comet Halley environment (http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
R=19920068569&hterms=energy+free&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Denergy%2Bfree)
()
Huddleston, D. E.; Johnstone, A. D.

1992-01-01
The free energy available from the implanted heavy ion population at Comet Halley is calculated by assuming that the initial unstable velocity
space ring distribution of the ions evolves toward a bispherical shell. Ultimately this free energy adds to the turbulence in the solar wind.
Upstream and downstream free energies are obtained separately for the conditions observed along the Giotto spacecraft trajectory. The results
indicate that the waves are mostly upstream propagating in the solar wind frame. The total free energy density always exceeds the measured
wave energy density because, as expected in the nonlinear process of ion scattering, the available energy is not all immediately released. An
estimate of the amount which has been released can be obtained from the measured oxygen ion distributions and again it exceeds that
observed. The theoretical analysis is extended to calculate the k spectrum of the cometary-ion-generated turbulence.
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341. Response and structural analysis of a flap-type wave energy converter in a combined wind and wave concept
(https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=od_______661::48d5de0930b9f1488d666b3e5c2f12cd)
()
Zheng, Xing
2014-01-01
In this thesis, the novel combined wind turbine and wave energy device, named Semi-submersible Flap Combination (SFC), is studied in terms of
supporting arm strength of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) and produced power by WECs. Currently most offshore wind turbines are installed
in shallow water up to 50-meter's water depth. However more steady and higher density wind is found in far offshores. In this case, floating
platforms have to be used. But there are a lot of problems in designing,...
342. Investigation of Wave Energy Converter Effects on Wave Fields: A Modeling Sensitivity Study in Monterey Bay CA.
()
Roberts, Jesse D.; Grace Chang; Jason Magalen; Craig Jones

2014-08-01
A n indust ry standard wave modeling tool was utilized to investigate model sensitivity to input parameters and wave energy converter ( WEC )
array deploym ent scenarios. Wave propagation was investigated d ownstream of the WECs to evaluate overall near - and far - field effects of
WEC arrays. The sensitivity study illustrate d that b oth wave height and near - bottom orbital velocity we re subject to the largest pote ntial
variations, each decreas ed in sensitivity as transmission coefficient increase d , as number and spacing of WEC devices decrease d , and as the
deployment location move d offshore. Wave direction wa s affected consistently for all parameters and wave perio d was not affected (or
negligibly affected) by varying model parameters or WEC configuration .
343. Wave Energy Converter Effects on Wave Fields: Evaluation of SNL-SWAN and Sensitivity Studies in Monterey Bay CA.
()
Roberts, Jesse D.; Chang, Grace; Magalen, Jason; Jones, Craig

2014-09-01
A modified version of an indust ry standard wave modeling tool was evaluated, optimized, and utilized to investigate model sensitivity to input
parameters a nd wave energy converter ( WEC ) array deployment scenarios. Wave propagation was investigated d ownstream of the WECs to
evaluate overall near - and far - field effects of WEC arrays. The sensitivity study illustrate d that wave direction and WEC device type we r e
most sensitive to the variation in the model parameters examined in this study . Generally, the changes in wave height we re the primary
alteration caused by the presence of a WEC array. Specifically, W EC device type and subsequently their size directly re sult ed in wave height
variations; however, it is important to utilize ongoing laboratory studies and future field tests to determine the most appropriate power matrix
values for a particular WEC device and configuration in order to improve modeling results .
344. Reference Model 5 (RM5): Oscillating Surge Wave Energy Converter (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/1169778/)
()
Yu, Y. H.; Jenne, D. S.; Thresher, R.; Copping, A.; Geerlofs, S.; Hanna, L. A.
2015-01-01
This report is an addendum to SAND2013-9040: Methodology for Design and Economic Analysis of Marine Energy Conversion (MEC)
Technologies. This report describes an Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converter (OSWEC) reference model design in a complementary
manner to Reference Models 1-4 contained in the above report. A conceptual design for a taut moored oscillating surge wave energy converter
was developed. The design had an annual electrical power of 108 kilowatts (kW), rated power of 360 kW, and intended deployment at water
depths between 50 m and 100 m. The study includes structural analysis, power output estimation, a hydraulic power conversion chain system,
and mooring designs. The results were used to estimate device capital cost and annual operation and maintenance costs. The device
performance and costs were used for the economic analysis, following the methodology presented in SAND2013-9040 that included costs for
designing, manufacturing, deploying, and operating commercial-scale MEC arrays up to 100 devices. The levelized cost of energy estimated for
the Reference Model 5 OSWEC, presented in this report, was for a single device and arrays of 10, 50, and 100 units, and it enabled the
economic analysis to account for cost reductions associated with economies of scale. The baseline commercial levelized cost of energy estimate
for the Reference Model 5 device in an array comprised of 10 units is $1.44/kilowatt-hour (kWh), and the value drops to approximately $0.69/kWh
for an array of 100 units.
345. Energy Harvesting From Sea Waves With Consideration of Airy and JONSWAP Theory and Optimization of Energy Harvester Parameters
()
Hadi Mirab; Reza Fathi; Vahid Jahangiri; Mir Mohammad Ettefagh; Reza Hassannejad
2015-01-01
One of the new methods for powering low-power electronic devices at sea is a wave energy harvesting system. In this method, piezoelectric
material is employed to convert the mechanical energy of sea waves into electrical energy. The advantage of this method is based on avoiding a
battery charging system. Studies have been done on energy harvesting from sea waves, however, considering energy harvesting with random
JONSWAP wave theory, then determining the optimum values of energy harvested is new. This paper does that by implementing the JONSWAP
wave model, calculating produced power, and realistically showing that output power is decreased in comparison with the more simple Airy wave
model. In addition, parameters of the energy harvester system are optimized using a simulated annealing algorithm, yielding increased produced
power.
346. Initial Characterization of the Wave Resource at Several High Energy U.S. Sites (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od______2485::13d2fcba5f1043032b73c89867618c48)
()
Dallman, Ann; Neary, Vincent S.

2014-01-01
Wave energy resource characterization efforts are critical for developing knowledge of the physical conditions experienced by wave energy
converter (WEC) devices and arrays. Developers are lacking a consistent characterization of possible wave energy test sites, and therefore
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has been tasked with developing a catalogue characterizing three high energy U.S. test sites. The initial
results and framework for the catalogue are discussed in this paper.
347. On the Effects of Geometry Control on the Performance of Overtopping Wave Energy Converters (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=dedup_wf_001::4d5837260a75a0a81eb8e060bd14381a)
()
Jens Peter Kofoed; Peter Troch; Lander Victor

2011-01-01
Overtopping wave energy converters (OWECs) are designed to extract energy from ocean waves based on wave overtopping into a reservoir,
which is emptied into the ocean through a set of low-head turbines, and typically feature a low crest freeboard and a smooth impermeable steep
slope. In the process of optimizing the performance of OWECs, the question arises whether adapting the slope geometry to the variable wave
characteristics at the deployment site ( i.e. , geometry control) can increase t...
348. Investigation of suitable sites for wave energy converters around Sicily (Italy) (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015OcSci..11..543I)
()
Iuppa, C.; Cavallaro, L.; Vicinanza, D.; Foti, E.

2015-07-01
An analysis of wave energy along the coasts of Sicily (Italy) is presented with the aim of selecting possible sites for the implementation of wave
energy converters (WECs). The analysis focuses on the selection of hotspot areas of energy concentration. A third-generation model was
adopted to reconstruct the wave data along the coast over a period of 14 years. The reconstruction was performed using the wave and wind data
from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. The analysis of wave energy allowed us to characterise the most energetic
zones, which are located on the western side of Sicily and on the Strait of Sicily. Moreover, the estimate of the annual wave power on the entire
computational domain identified eight interesting sites. The main features of the sites include relatively high wave energy and proximity to the
coast, which makes them possible sites for the implementation of WEC farms.
349. Irregular Wave Energy Extraction Analysis for a Slider Crank WEC Power Take-Off System (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?
()
Sang, Yuanrui; Karayaka, H. Bora; Yan, Yanjun; Zhang, James Z.; Muljadi, Eduard
2015-09-02
Slider crank Wave Energy Converter (WEC) is a novel energy conversion device. It converts wave energy into electricity at a relatively high
efficiency, and it features a simple structure. Past analysis on this WEC has been done under regular sinusoidal wave conditions, and a
hydrodynamics model is adopted and the control methodology is modified to better serve the irregular wave conditions. Results from the
simulations show that the performance of the system under irregular wave conditions is different from that under regular sinusoidal wave
conditions, but still a reasonable amount of energy can be extracted.
350. Improvements in the electromechanical conversion of energy using shock waves (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:45070825)
()
This report concerns the electrical mechanical conversion. In this study it was obtained by the depolarization of a ferroelectric ceramic. We are
particularly interested by the high electrical horse-power. Shock wave which produces depolarization is created by a gun powder. The speed of
the projectile is measured and the pressures generated in the ceramic is determined graphically. The energy freed is released on a linear
resistive load. We were able to prove by different parameters how to obtain the maximum electrical energy. On a resistive load of 26 ohms, it was
freed 0,91 J/cm3 in less than 0,5 s corresponding to an electrical horse-power superior to 2 MW/cm3. (author)
351. Reliability-Based Structural Optimization of Wave Energy Converters (http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/7/12/8178)

()
Simon Ambhl
2014-12-01
Full Text Available More and more wave energy converter (WEC concepts are reaching prototypelevel. Once the prototype level is reached, the
next step in order to further decrease thelevelized cost of energy (LCOE is optimizing the overall system with a focus on structuraland
maintenance (inspection costs, as well as on the harvested power from the waves.The target of a fully-developed WEC technology is not
maximizing its power output,but minimizing the resulting LCOE. This paper presents a methodology to optimize thestructural design of WECs
based on a reliability-based optimization problem and the intentto maximize the investors benefits by maximizing the difference between
income (e.g., fromselling electricity and the expected expenses (e.g., structural building costs or failure costs.Furthermore, different development
levels, like prototype or commercial devices, may havedifferent main objectives and will be located at different locations, as well as receive
varioussubsidies. These points should be accounted for when performing structural optimizationsof WECs. An illustrative example on the gravitybased foundation of the Wavestar deviceis performed showing how structural design can be optimized taking target reliability levelsand different
structural failure modes due to extreme loads into account.
352. Sea ice floes dissipate the energy of steep ocean waves (http://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.06040.pdf)
()
Toffoli, Alessandro; Meylan, Michael H; Cavaliere, Claudio; Alberello, Alberto; Elsnab, John; Monty, Jason P
2015-01-01
Wave attenuation by ice floes is an important parameter for modelling the Arctic Oceans. At present, attenuation coefficients are extracted from
linear models as a function of the incident wave period and floe thickness. Recent explorations in the Antarctic Mixed Ice Zone (MIZ) revealed a
further dependence on wave amplitude, suggesting that nonlinear contributions are non-negligible. An experimental model for wave attenuation
by a single ice floe in a wave flume is here presented. Observations are compared with linear predictions based on wave scattering. Results
indicate that linear models perform well under the effect of gently sloping waves. For more energetic wave fields, however, transmitted wave
height is normally over predicted. Deviations from linearity appear to be related to an enhancement of wave dissipation induced by unaccounted
wave-ice interaction processes, including the floe over wash.
353. Multinational Corporations Investing in the Marine Energy Industry : The process of MNC's investing in the wave and tidal energy industries
(https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=dedup_wf_001::7b46493411146054684798814fab925a)
()
Strksen, Benedicte Hjelle; Roals, Helene; Slttedal Jacobsen, Tina
2014-01-01
This master thesis explores the process of MNCs investing the wave and tidal stream energy industries, hereafter referred to as the marine
energy industry. Wave and tidal stream energy are renewable sources of energy that are not yet commercially exploitable. However, the focus on
developing technologies to extract this renewable energy has led to the emergence of the marine energy industry. Small technology firms
characterized by limited access to resources currently dominate this industry. ...
354. Benchmark Modeling of the Near-Field and Far-Field Wave Effects of Wave Energy Arrays
()
Rhinefrank, Kenneth E; Haller, Merrick C; Ozkan-Haller, H Tuba

2013-01-26
This project is an industry-led partnership between Columbia Power Technologies and Oregon State University that will perform benchmark
laboratory experiments and numerical modeling of the near-field and far-field impacts of wave scattering from an array of wave energy devices.
These benchmark experimental observations will help to fill a gaping hole in our present knowledge of the near-field effects of multiple, floating
wave energy converters and are a critical requirement for estimating the potential far-field environmental effects of wave energy arrays. The
experiments will be performed at the Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory (Oregon State University) and will utilize an array of newly developed
Buoys' that are realistic, lab-scale floating power converters. The array of Buoys will be subjected to realistic, directional wave forcing (1:33 scale)
that will approximate the expected conditions (waves and water depths) to be found off the Central Oregon Coast. Experimental observations will
include comprehensive in-situ wave and current measurements as well as a suite of novel optical measurements. These new optical capabilities
will include imaging of the 3D wave scattering using a binocular stereo camera system, as well as 3D device motion tracking using a newly
acquired LED system. These observing systems will capture the 3D motion history of individual Buoys as well as resolve the 3D scattered wave
field; thus resolving the constructive and destructive wave interference patterns produced by the array at high resolution. These data combined
with the device motion tracking will provide necessary information for array design in order to balance array performance with the mitigation of
far-field impacts. As a benchmark data set, these data will be an important resource for testing of models for wave/buoy interactions, buoy
performance, and far-field effects on wave and current patterns due to the presence of arrays. Under the proposed project we will initiate
355. Wave-to-wire Modelling of Wave Energy Converters : Critical Assessment, Developments and Applicability for Economical Optimisation
()
Ferri, Francesco
The idea to use the motion of a wavy sea surface to produce electricity was investigate in the seventies, in a time when the earliest wave energy
converters were conceived and developed. But nowadays still none of the patented devices reached a commercial stage. Wave energy is a
large, mostly unt...... this goal a reliable wave-to-wire (numerical) model is needed and a validation procedure based on experimental data sets
have been used through the work....... untapped, renewable energy resource that has the potential to contribute significantly to the future energy
mix, especially in an environmental friendly future scenario. What is bounding the sector to roll off into the market is the cost of the produced
energy: too high if compared with other renewable...
356. Momentum and energy transport by waves in the solar atmosphere and solar wind (http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
R=19770059500&hterms=wave+energy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dwave%2Benergy)
()
Jacques, S. A.
1977-01-01
The fluid equations for the solar wind are presented in a form which includes the momentum and energy flux of waves in a general and consistent
way. The concept of conservation of wave action is introduced and is used to derive expressions for the wave energy density as a function of
heliocentric distance. The explicit form of the terms due to waves in both the momentum and energy equations are given for radially propagating
acoustic, Alfven, and fast mode waves. The effect of waves as a source of momentum is explored by examining the critical points of the
momentum equation for isothermal spherically symmetric flow. We find that the principal effect of waves on the solutions is to bring the critical
point closer to the sun's surface and to increase the Mach number at the critical point. When a simple model of dissipation is included for acoustic
waves, in some cases there are multiple critical points.
357. Marine Waves Energy: A spatio-temporal DSS-WebGIS to support the wave-energy potential assessment in the Mediterranean Sea
()
GIS technologies are able to provide a useful tool for estimating the energy resource from the sea waves, assessing whether this energy flux is
exploitable and evaluating the social and environmental impacts in deep water and/or in the seaboard. The DDS-WebGIS 'Energy Waves'
represents a tool for displaying and sharing geo spatial data and maps, as well as a valuable support for new installations planning, forecasting
system and existing infrastructure management.
358. Investigation of Energy Dissipation in Collisionless Shock Waves (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:44064032)

()
Strong magnetic compression waves are generated in a plasma with the electron density varying from 1012 to 5 x 1014 cm-3 by means of a fast
theta-pinch discharge (dB/dt = 3.5 x 1010G/s, coil length 60 cm, coil diameter 16 cm). The fast-rising magnetic field playing the part of the piston
reaches 12 kG in 0.5 s, a quasi-stationary field can be superimposed. The working gas (H2, D2, He, Kr, Ar) is pre-ionized up to 20% (ne
1012-2 x 1013 cm-3) by a pulse of strong ultraviolet radiation emitted by two z-pinches placed at both ends of the discharge tube. This preionization can be followed, or at pressures above 5 H2 can be substituted, by a fast theta-pinch discharge which produces a highly ionized
plasma of density 1-5 x 1014 cm-3. In both cases conditions for collisionless shock waves can be achieved. The width and structure of the shock
waves have been investigated by means of multiple magnetic probes. At electron densities > 1014 cm-3 and a plasma > 1 shock waves with
velocities between 2 and 4 x 107 cm/s are being observed for both parallel and antiparallel initial fields. They show a well-defined shock front of
width 0.5 to 1 cm, corresponding to 10 to 40 c/wp , and a clear separation between front and piston. By properly adjusting the initial values of
electron density and magnetic field, Alfvn Mach-numbers can be varied between 1 and 4. Their influence on the width of shock profiles and on
heating rates is discussed. The energy spectrum of ions which are lost along the axis of the theta-pinch is measured by means of an electrostatic
energy analyzer. Typical mean parallel energies are in the range of 200 - 500 eV. At densities between 1012 and 1013 cm-3 and a plasma with
non-stationary shock waves with velocities between 5 x 107 and 1013 cm-3 and a width of 5 to 10 c/wp are observed. The mean ion
energies are a few keV. Experimental profiles of magnetic field are compared with calculations based on a two-fluid model containing a
359. Optimization of sources for focusing wave energy in targeted formations (http://repository.kaust.edu.sa/kaust/handle/10754/599102)
()
Jeong, C
2010-06-08
We discuss a numerical approach for identifying the surface excitation that is necessary to maximize the response of a targeted subsurface
formation. The motivation stems from observations in the aftermath of earthquakes, and from limited field experiments, whereby increased oil
production rates were recorded and were solely attributable to the induced reservoir shaking. The observations suggest that focusing wave
energy to the reservoir could serve as an effective low-cost enhanced oil recovery method. In this paper, we report on a general method that
allows the determination of the source excitation, when provided with a desired maximization outcome at the targeted formation. We discuss, for
example, how to construct the excitation that will maximize the kinetic energy in the target zone, while keeping silent the neighbouring zones. To
this end, we cast the problem as an inverse-source problem, and use a partial-differential- equation-constrained optimization approach to arrive
at an optimized source signal. We seek to satisfy stationarity of an augmented functional, which formally leads to a triplet of state, adjoint and
control problems. We use finite elements to resolve the state and adjoint problems, and an iterative scheme to satisfy the control problem to
converge to the sought source signal. We report on one-dimensional numerical experiments in the time domain involving a layered medium of
semi-infinite extent. The numerical results show that the targeted formation\\'s kinetic energy resulting from an optimized wave source could be
several times greater than the one resulting from a blind source choice, and could overcome the mobility threshold of entrapped reservoir oil.
2010 Nanjing Geophysical Research Institute.
360. Optimization of sources for focusing wave energy in targeted formations (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:44125972)
()
We discuss a numerical approach for identifying the surface excitation that is necessary to maximize the response of a targeted subsurface
formation. The motivation stems from observations in the aftermath of earthquakes, and from limited field experiments, whereby increased oil
production rates were recorded and were solely attributable to the induced reservoir shaking. The observations suggest that focusing wave
energy to the reservoir could serve as an effective low-cost enhanced oil recovery method. In this paper, we report on a general method that
allows the determination of the source excitation, when provided with a desired maximization outcome at the targeted formation. We discuss, for
example, how to construct the excitation that will maximize the kinetic energy in the target zone, while keeping silent the neighbouring zones. To
this end, we cast the problem as an inverse-source problem, and use a partial-differential-equation-constrained optimization approach to arrive at
an optimized source signal. We seek to satisfy stationarity of an augmented functional, which formally leads to a triplet of state, adjoint and
control problems. We use finite elements to resolve the state and adjoint problems, and an iterative scheme to satisfy the control problem to
converge to the sought source signal. We report on one-dimensional numerical experiments in the time domain involving a layered medium of
semi-infinite extent. The numerical results show that the targeted formation's kinetic energy resulting from an optimized wave source could be
several times greater than the one resulting from a blind source choice, and could overcome the mobility threshold of entrapped reservoir oil
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361. Aero-Hydro-Elastic Simulation Platform for Wave Energy Systems and floating Wind Turbines (http://orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/6374475/ris-r-1767.pdf)
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Kallese, Bjarne Skovmose
This report present results from the PSO project 2008-1-10092 entitled Aero-Hydro-Elastic Simulation Platform for Wave Energy Systems and
floating Wind Turbines that deals with measurements, modelling and simulations of the worlds first combined wave and wind energy
platform. The floating energy...
362. Innovative Design for Sea Dikes and Breakwaters for Wave Energy Conversion (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186050199)
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Vicinanza, Diego; Stagonas, Dimitris; Mller, Gerald;

2012-01-01
This paper intends contributing to an economically and environmentally sustainable development of coastal infrastructures by investigating the
possibility of combining together breakwaters and Wave Energy Converters (WEC). The latter change the wave energy to electricity, which may
serve both the...... rubble mound breakwaters and seawall related activity and the energy demand of small human communities....
363. Sensitivity of Internal Wave Energy Distribution over Seabed Corrugations to Adjacent Seabed Features
(https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=od________18::ed3b30dabc7e265af632a4218ef6d0e7)
()
Karimpour, F.; Zareei, A.; Alam, M. -R.

2016-01-01
Here we show that the distribution of internal gravity waves energy over a patch of seabed corrugations strongly depends on the "distance" of the
patch to adjacent seafloor features. Specifically, we consider the energy distribution over a patch of seabed ripples neighbored to i. another patch
of ripples, and ii. a vertical wall. Seabed undulations with dominant wavenumber twice as large as overpassing internal waves reflect back part of
the energy of the internal waves (Bragg reflection), le...
364. Reaction Force Control of a Linear Electrical Generator for Direct Drive Wave Energy Conversion (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od______3094::4c27b77902a78137843d889511dab15f)
()
Shek, J.K.H.; Macpherson, D.E.; Mueller, M.A.; Xiang, J.

2007-01-01
Direct drive wave energy converters have been proposed in view of the disadvantage of mechanical complexity and low conversion efficiencies in
conventional wave energy converters. By directly coupling a linear generator to a reciprocating wave energy device, it is suggested that direct
drive power take-off could be a viable alternative to hydraulic- and pneumatic-based systems. To further realise the benefits of a direct drive
system, a control scheme based on reaction force control to maximi...
365. Control of Linear Electrical Generators for Direct Drive Wave Energy Conversion (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od______3094::eac0ec51d18d78683135d5e8d836a933)
()
Shek, Jonathan
2006-01-01
Linear generators have been proposed as a suitable power take-off system for direct drive wave energy conversion. Coupled directly to a
reciprocating wave energy device, it is suggested that linear generators could be a viable alternative to hydraulic and pneumatic systems. This
paper discusses the challenges involved in control of a direct drive wave energy converter, predominantly for maximum power extraction through
electrical means. It highlights characteristics of linear generator contro...
366. Development of an Efficient Design Technique for the Optimisation of Mooring Systems for Wave Energy Arrays
(https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=od______2197::e060ffdf8bc032dc79466cb99f6f220a)
()
Kirrane, P.; Fabricius, P; Morvan, R.

2011-01-01
Research, funded by the Marine Institute, was carried out on mooring systems for wave energy arrays. An outline of the research results and
outcomes are presented in this report. The objectives of the research were to: review the wave energy industry and define design parameters;
establish a comprehensive set of design curves to facilitate the selection of a preliminary mooring system; develop trends in system response
from the evaluation of a broad range of Wave Energy Converter (WEC) specif...
367. Energy transfer from a laser pulse to a blast wave in reduced-pressure air atmospheres (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?
orig_q=RN:36010343)
()
Focusing a transversely excited atmospheric CO2 laser beam in air atmospheres induced a blast wave. The kinetic energy of a laser-induced
blast wave was determined from shadowgraph images of shock wave expansion. Results showed that the fraction of input laser energy that is
converted into the blast wave energy decreased from 0.45 to 0.2 concomitant with the decrease in ambient pressure from 100 to 10 kPa. Also, it
was insensitive to input laser energy from 4 to 13 J
368. Wave Basin Experiments with Large Wave Energy Converter Arrays to Study Interactions between the Converters and Effects on Other Users in
the Sea and the Coastal Area (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2197802939)
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Stratigaki, Vasiliki; Troch, Peter; Stallard, Tim;

2014-01-01
Experiments have been performed in the Shallow Water Wave Basin of DHI (Hrsholm, Denmark), on large arrays of up to 25 heaving point
absorber type Wave Energy Converters (WECs), for a range of geometric layout configurations and wave conditions. WEC response and
modifications of the wave field a...
369. Design, Construction and Ocean Testing of Wave Energy Conversion System with Permanent Magnet Tubular Linear Generator
()
; ; ;
2016-01-01
In this paper, the design, construction and ocean testing of a wave energy conversion system are stud-ied. Based on the motion characteristics
of double buoys in ocean waves, a wave energy conversion system with permanent magnet tubular linear generator(PMTLG)is proposed to
convert ocean wave energy into electricity. The wave energy conversion system was installed in the Yellow Sea near Lianyungang, China. The
ocean test re-sults indicate that it had dynamic and static performance, and obtained an expected amount of electricity. The calcu-lation result
indicates the average output power was about 1,000,W, and the conversion efficiency from wave en-ergy into electricity was 1.4%,. In addition,
the wireless data communication, mechanics and oceanography were also discussed.
370. Design Specifications for the Hanstholm WEPTOS Wave Energy Converter (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/226222135)
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Pecher, Arthur; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Larsen, Tommy

2012-01-01
investigates the required capacity of the power take off (PTO) system and the structural forces on a WEPTOS WEC prototype, intended for
installation at Hanstholm (Denmark), based on large scale experimental tests using a highly realistic laboratory model of the complete device.
The results hereof includes the...... rotational speed and transmitted torque (and hereby power) to the PTO system using different PTO control
strategies, the impact of fluctuations of the available mechanical power and the effect of limiting the PTO capacity on the annual energy
production. Acquisition of structural forces includes mooring...... forces and structural bending moments in both production and extreme wave
conditions, illustrating that the regulation of the angle in the A shape ensures that extreme forces on the structure can be kept in the same order
of magnitude as in production conditions....
371. Comparison of Performances of Turbines for Wave Energy Conversion (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?

dbname=zw_qk&wid=0120100275306742)
()
Yoichi Kinoue; Toshiaki Setoguchi; Tomohiko Kuroda; Kenji Kaneko; Manabu Takao; Ajit Thakker
2003-01-01
The Wells turbine for a wave power generator is a self-rectifying air turbine that is available for an energy conversion in an oscillating water-air
column without any rectifying valve. The objective of this paper is to compare the performances of the Wells turbines in which the profile of blade
are NACA0020, NACA0015, CA9 and HSIM15-262123-1576 in the small-scale model testing. The running characteristics in the steady flow, the
start and running characteristics in the sinusoidal flow and the hysteretic characteristics in the sinusoidal flow were investigated for four kinds of
turbine. As a conclusion, the turbine in which the profile of blade is NACA0020 has the best performances among 4 turbines for the running and
starting characteristics in the small-scale model testing.
372. Operation and maintenance strategies for wave energy converters (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2264527161)
()
Ambhl, Simon; Marquis, Laurent; Kofoed, Jens Peter;

2015-01-01
. Furthermore, a helicopter and boats can be used to transport equipment and personnel to the device, or the whole device can be towed to a
harbour for operation and maintenance actions. This article describes, among others, a risk-based inspection and maintenance planning
approach where the overall repair...... costs including costs due to lost electricity production are minimized. The risk-based approach is compared
with an approach where only boats are used and another approach where the target is to minimize the downtime of the device. This article
presents a dynamic approach for total operation and...... maintenance costs estimations for wave energy converter applications including real
weather data and damage accumulation. Furthermore, uncertainties related with costs, structural damage accumulation, inspection accuracy and
different maintenance strategies can be included. This article contains a case study...
373. The energy balance of wind waves and the remote sensing problem (http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
()
Hasselmann, K.
1972-01-01
Measurements of wave growth indicate an energy balance of the wave spectrum governed primarily by input from the atmosphere, nonlinear
transfer to shorter and longer waves, and advection. The pronounced spectral peak and sharp low frequency cut-off characteristic of fetch-limited
spectra are explained as a self-stabilizing feature of the nonlinear wave-wave interactions. The momentum transferred from the atmosphere to
the wind waves accounts for a large part of the wind drag. These findings are relevant for remote microwave sensing of the sea surface by
backscatter and passive radiometry methods.
374. Analysis of Energy Characteristics in the Process of Freak Wave Generation (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?
()
;
2014-01-01
The energy characteristics in the evolution of the wave train are investigated to understand the inherent cause of the freak wave generation. The
Morlet wavelet spectrum method is employed to analyze the numerical, laboratory and field evolution data of this generation process. Their
energy distributions and variations are discussed with consideration of corresponding surface elevations. Through comparing the energy
characteristics of three cases, it is shown that the freak wave generation depends not only on the continuous transfer of wave train energy to a
certain region where finally the maximum energy occurs, but also on the distinct shift of the converged energy to high-frequency components in a
very short time. And the typical energy characteristics of freak waves are also given.
375. Structural Reliability of Plain Bearings for Wave Energy Converter Applications (http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/2/118)
()
Simon Ambhl
2016-02-01
Full Text Available The levelized cost of energy (LCOE from wave energy converters (WECs needs to be decreased in order to be able to
become competitive with other renewable electricity sources. Probabilistic reliability methods can be used to optimize the structure of WECs.
Optimization is often performed for critical structural components, like welded details, bolts or bearings. This paper considers reliability studies
with a focus on plain bearings available from stock for the Wavestar device, which exists at the prototype level. The Wavestar device is a point
absorber WEC. The plan is to mount a new power take-off (PTO system consisting of a discrete displacement cylinder (DDC, which will allow
different hydraulic cycles to operate at constant pressure levels. This setup increases the conversion efficiency, as well as decouples the
electricity production from the pressure variations within the hydraulic cycle when waves are passing. The new PTO system leads to different
load characteristics at the floater itself compared to the actual setup where the turbine/generator is directly coupled to the fluctuating hydraulic
pressure within the PTO system. This paper calculates the structural reliability of the different available plain bearings planned to be mounted at
the new PTO system based on a probabilistic approach, and the paper gives suggestions for fulfilling the minimal target reliability levels. The
considered failure mode in this paper is the brittle fatigue failure of plain bearings. The performed sensitivity analysis shows that parameters
defining the initial crack size have a big impact on the resulting reliability of the plain bearing.
376. Relation of wave energy and momentum with the plasma dispersion relation in an inhomogeneous plasma
()
The expressions for wave energy and angular momentum commonly used in homogeneous and near homogeneous media, is generalized to
inhomogeneous media governed by a nonlocal conductivity tensor. The expression for wave energy applies to linear excitations in an arbitrary
three-dimensional equilibrium, while the expression for angular momentum applies to linear excitations of azimuthally symmetric equilibria. The
wave energy is interpreted as the energy transferred from linear external sources to the plasma if there is no dissipation. With dissipation, such a
simple interpretation is lacking as energy is also thermally absorbed. However, for azimuthally symmetric equilibria the expression for the wave
energy in a frame rotating with a frequency , E/sub wave/ - L/sub wave//l where L/sub wave/ is the wave angular momentum defined in the
text and l the azimuthal wavenumber, can be unambiguously separated from thermal energy, and is closely related the real part of a dispersion
relation for marginal stability. The imaginary part of the dispersion is closely related to the energy input into a system. Another useful quantity
discussed is the impedance form, which can be used for three-dimensional equilibrium without an ignorable coordinate and the expression is
closely related to the wave impedance used in antenna theory. Applications to stability theory is also discussed. 19 refs
377. Energy transformations and dissipation of nonlinear internal waves over New Jersey's continental shelf
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010NPGeo..17..345S)
()
Shroyer, E. L.; Moum, J. N.; Nash, J. D.

2010-08-01
The energetics of large amplitude, high-frequency nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) observed over the New Jersey continental shelf are
summarized from ship and mooring data acquired in August 2006. NLIW energy was typically on the order of 105 Jm-1, and the wave dissipative
loss was near 50 W m-1. However, wave energies (dissipations) were ~10 (~2) times greater than these values during a particular week-long
period. In general, the leading waves in a packet grew in energy across the outer shelf, reached peak values near 40 km inshore of the shelf
break, and then lost energy to turbulent mixing. Wave growth was attributed to the bore-like nature of the internal tide, as wave groups that
exhibited larger long-term (lasting for a few hours) displacements of the pycnocline offshore typically had greater energy inshore. For shipobserved NLIWs, the average dissipative loss over the region of decay scaled with the peak energy in waves; extending this scaling to mooring
data produces estimates of NLIW dissipative loss consistent with those made using the flux divergence of wave energy. The decay time scale of
the NLIWs was approximately 12 h corresponding to a length scale of 35 km (O(100) wavelengths). Imposed on these larger scale energetic
trends, were short, rapid exchanges associated with wave interactions and shoaling on a localized topographic rise. Both of these events resulted
in the onset of shear instabilities and large energy loss to turbulent mixing.
378. Underwater radiated noise from Point Absorbing Wave Energy Converters : Noise Characteristics and Possible Environmental Effects
(https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=od_______361::2f13c2939a17a6dd5515563f41a6993c)
()
Haikonen, Kalle
2014-01-01
The conversion of wave energy into electrical energy has the potential to become a clean and sustainable form of renewable energy conversion.
However, like all forms of energy conversion it will inevitably have an impact on the marine environment, although not in the form of emissions of
hazardous substances (gases, oils or chemicals associated with anticorrosion). Possible environmental issues associated with wave energy
conversion include electromagnetic fields, alteration of sedimentation ...
379. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON WAVE ENERGY DISSIPATION AND COHESIVE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN SILT COAST
()
Shixiong HU; Onyx WAI

2001-01-01
The interaction between the wave and fluid mud layer plays an important role in the development of silt coast. Sediment is essentially transported
in the form of rheological flow of mud layer under the wave action, and on the other hand, the fluid mud layer damps the wave considerably. This
paper studies the laws of wave energy dissipation and mud bed deformation, and the movement of mud layer through laboratory experiments.
The results show that the wave energy dissipation follows an exponential law along the propagation distance. The bulk density of the mud layer
affects the rate of the wave energy dissipation greatly. The wave damping coefficient (Ki) is a fuction of the mud density affected greatly by the
relative wave height (H/h).Analysis also indicates that the mud density affect the rate of mud transport and the moving velocity (Vmax) of the
surface mud is inversely proportional to the mud density. Both the relative wave height (H/h) and wave-damping coefficient (Ki) are proportional
to the Vmax. Analysis also shows that the mud transport rate (Tr) is proportional to the wave damping rate (1-H0/H15), the relative wave height
(H/h),and inversely proportional to the volume concentration (Cv) and dimensionless coefficient of H/gT2.
380. Energy concentration by converging shock waves in gases (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=od_______260::aba6561e0ab6500622e3e660c9885533)
()
Kjellander, Malte
2012-01-01
Converging shock waves have been studied experimentally in a shock tube, and numerically using inviscid calculations and the theory of
geometrical shock dynamics. The converging shock waves were created in a shocktube with two modular test sections designed to create
cylindrical respectively spherical waves. In the spherical case the shock waves take the shape of spherical cap before propagating into a cone,
while the cylindrical shocks converge in a fully circular cylindrical chamber. The dy...
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381. Mechanisms of Ignition by Transient Energy Deposition: Regimes of Combustion Waves Propagation (http://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.5271.pdf)
()
Kiverin, Alexey D; Ivanov, Mikhail F; Liberman, Michael A

2013-01-01
Regimes of chemical reaction wave propagating in reactive gaseous mixtures, whose chemistry is governed by chain-branching kinetics, are
studied depending on the characteristics of a transient thermal energy deposition localized in a finite volume of reactive gas. Different regimes of
the reaction wave propagation are initiated depending on the amount of deposited thermal energy, power of the source and the size of the hot
spot. The main parameters which define regimes of the combustion waves facilitated by the transient deposition of thermal energy are: acoustic
timescale, duration of the energy deposition, ignition time scale and size of the hot spot. The interplay between these parameters specifies the
role of gasdynamical processes, the formation and steepness of the temperature gradient and speed of the spontaneous wave. The obtained
results show how ignition of one or another regime of combustion wave depends on the value of energy, rate of the energy deposition and size of
the hot spot, which is import...
382. A wave energy resource assessment in the China's seas based on multi-satellite merged radar altimeter data
()
WAN Yong; ZHANG Jie; MENG Junmin; WANG Jing

2015-01-01
Wave energy resources are abundant in both offshore and nearshore areas of the China's seas. A reliable assessment of the wave energy
resources must be performed before they can be exploited. First, for a water depth in offshore waters of China, a parameterized wave power
density model that considers the effects of the water depth is introduced to improve the calculating accuracy of the wave power density. Second,
wave heights and wind speeds on the surface of the China's seas are retrieved from an AVISO multi-satellite altim-eter data set for the period
from 2009 to 2013. Three mean wave period inversion models are developed and used to calculate the wave energy period. Third, a practical
application value for developing the wave energy is analyzed based on buoy data. Finally, the wave power density is then calculated using the
wave field data. Using the distribution of wave power density, the energy level frequency, the time variability indexes, the to-tal wave energy and
the distribution of total wave energy density according to a wave state, the offshore wave energy in the China's seas is assessed. The results
show that the areas of abundant and stable wave energy are primarily located in the north-central part of the South China Sea, the Luzon Strait,
southeast of Taiwan in the China's seas; the wave power density values in these areas are approximately 14.018.5 kW/m. The wave energy
in the Chinas seas presents obvious seasonal variations and optimal seasons for a wave energy utilization are in winter and autumn. Except
for very coastal waters, in other sea areas in the China's seas, the energy is primarily from the wave state with 0.5 mHs4 m, 4
sTe10 s whereHs is a significant wave height andTe is an energy period; within this wave state, the wave energy accounts for 80%
above of the total wave energy. This characteristic is advantageous to designing wave energy convertors (WECs). The practical application value
of the wave energy is higher
383. Evolution of Wave Energy Deposition Profile in HT-7 Lower Hybrid Current Drive Experiment (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?
()
; ; ; ; ;
2001-01-01
Lower hybrid waves (LHWs) with a selected n spectrum have been used to control the energy deposition profiles, and then the wave driven
current profiles effectively in tokamak discharges. In our lower hybrid current drive experiment in the HT-7 tokamak, it was found that the set-up
of the wave energy deposition profile is a graduation process. In the beginning phase of the wave injection duration, the waves (with different n
spectra)deposit almost all their energy in the central region of the plasma column, even if their n are very different. Up to around one
hundred milliseconds, the wave energy deposition profiles can only take their corresponding shapes according to the n spectra of LHWs. It
also shown that this evolution process is affected obviously by the LHW driven current profile, which has been formed early.
384. Optimization of the lay-out of a farm of wave energy converters in the North Sea: analysis of wave power resources, wake effects, production and
cost (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=od_______330::3e159f902b5110420c1442c939b2da83)
()
Beels, Charlotte
2009-01-01
Wave energy holds a lot of possibilities, as oceans contain an infinite amount of energy. In the past many concepts for wave power conversion
were invented and tested. A Wave Energy Converter (WEC) converts the kinetic and/or potential energy of waves into electricity. Thus far, none
of the concepts for wave power conversion has reached a maturity that makes it economic exploitable due to several technological and nontechnological barriers. As the rated power of a single WEC is rather sm...
385. Energy in elastic fiber embedded in elastic matrix containing incident SH wave (http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890009323)
()
Williams, James H., Jr.; Nagem, Raymond J.

1989-01-01
A single elastic fiber embedded in an infinite elastic matrix is considered. An incident plane SH wave is assumed in the infinite matrix, and an
expression is derived for the total energy in the fiber due to the incident SH wave. A nondimensional form of the fiber energy is plotted as a
function of the nondimensional wavenumber of the SH wave. It is shown that the fiber energy attains maximum values at specific values of the
wavenumber of the incident wave. The results obtained here are interpreted in the context of phenomena observed in acousto-ultrasonic
experiments on fiber reinforced composite materials.
386. Metamaterial-inspired structures and concepts for elastoacoustic wave energy harvesting (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?
orig_q=RN:44126427)
()
Enhancement of structure-borne wave energy harvesting is investigated by exploiting metamaterial-based and metamaterial-inspired
electroelastic systems. The concepts of wave focusing, localization, and funneling are leveraged to establish novel metamaterial energy
harvester (MEH) configurations. The MEH systems transform the incoming structure-borne wave energy into electrical energy by coupling the
metamaterial and electroelastic domains. The energy harvesting component of the work employs piezoelectric transduction due to the high power
density and ease of application offered by piezoelectric materials. Therefore, in all MEH configurations studied in this work, the metamaterial
system is combined with piezoelectric energy harvesting for enhanced electricity generation from waves propagating in elastic structures.
Experiments are conducted to validate the dramatic performance enhancement in MEH systems as compared to using the same volume of
piezoelectric patch in the absence of the metamaterial component. It is shown that MEH systems can be used for both broadband and tuned
wave energy harvesting. The MEH concepts covered in this paper are (1) wave focusing using a metamaterial-inspired parabolic acoustic mirror
(for broadband energy harvesting), (2) energy localization using an imperfection in a 2D lattice structure (for tuned energy harvesting), and (3)
wave guiding using an acoustic funnel (for narrow-to-broadband energy harvesting). It is shown that MEH systems can boost the harvested
power by more than an order of magnitude. (paper)
387. Mechanisms of ignition by transient energy deposition: Regimes of combustion wave propagation (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=dedup_wf_001::3d07358f19d92752b0dce3670492eebd)
()
Kiverin, A. D.; Kassoy, D. R.; Ivanov, M. F.; Liberman, Mikhail A.

2013-01-01
Regimes of chemical reaction wave propagating in reactive gaseous mixtures, whose chemistry is governed by chain-branching kinetics, are
studied depending on the characteristics of a transient thermal energy deposition localized in a finite volume of reactive gas. Different regimes of
the reaction wave propagation are initiated depending on the amount of deposited thermal energy, power of the source, and the size of the hot
spot. The main parameters which define regimes of the combustion wave...
388. A study on Prediction Requirements in time-domain Control of Wave Energy Converters (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od_______223::6d30ad6796f405c04a0faa0deeff6085)
()
Fusco, Francesco; Gilloteaux, Jean-Cristophe; Ringwood, John

2010-01-01
Wave energy converters (WECs) based on oscillating bodies or oscillating water columns would earn huge benets from a time-domain control on
a wave by wave basis. Such a control would allow ecient energy extraction over a wider range of frequencies than what could possibly be
achieved when no real-time control is adopted, thus increasing the economical attractiveness of the WECs. Almost every control strategy that
showed some potential, however, suers from the problem that futur...
389. Application of the time-dependent mild-slope equations for the simulation of wake effects in the lee of a farm of Wave Dragon wave energy
converters (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=od_______232::2fbebf6f3add7602606920a0da53e5ed)
()
Beels, C.; P. Troch; De Visch, K.; Kofoed, J.P.; de Backer, G

2010-01-01
Time-dependent mild-slope equations have been extensively used to compute wave transformations near coastal and offshore structures for
more than 20 years. Recently the wave absorption characteristics of a Wave Energy Converter (abbreviated as WEC) of the overtopping type
have been implemented in a time-dependent mild-slope equation model by using numerical sponge layers. In this paper the developed WEC
implementation is applied to a single Wave Dragon WEC and multiple Wave Dragon WECs. The W...
390. Response and Structural Analysis of a Flap-type Wave Energy Converter in a Combined Wind and Wave Concept
(https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=nora_uio__no::f892590df5e295e3585297d6f6358ace)
()
Xing, Zheng
2014-01-01
In this thesis, the novel combined wind turbine and wave energy device, named Semi-submersible Flap Combination (SFC), is studied in terms of
supporting arm strength of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) and produced power by WECs.Currently most offshore wind turbines are installed
in shallow water up to 50-meter's water depth. However more steady and higher density winds are found in far offshores. In this case, floating
platforms have to be used. But there are a lot of problems in designin...
391. Comparison of magnetosonic wave and water group ion energy densities at Comet Giacobini-Zinner (http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
()
Staines, K.; Balogh, A.; Cowley, S. W. H.; Forster, P. M. De F.; Hynds, R. J.; Yates, T. S.; Sanderson, T. R.; Wenzel, K.-P.; Tsurutani, B. T.
1991-01-01
Measurements of the Comet Giacobini-Zinner (GZ) are presented to determine to what extent wave-particle scattering redistributed the initial
pick-up energy of the ion population. Also examined is the difference between the ion thermal energy and the energy in the magnetic fields of the
waves. In spite of uncertainty of about a factor of 2 noted in the pick-up and mass-loaded regions, it is shown that less than approximately 50
percent of the pick-up energy is converted into wave magnetic energy in the inbound pick-up region.
392. Influence of Wave State Uncertainties on Probabilistic Reliability Assessments of Wave Energy Devices
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Ambhl, Simon; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Srensen, John Dalsgaard

2013-01-01
JONSWAP spectrum and white noise filtering, wave elevation time series are generated and uncertainties related to the wave states are
estimated. In this paper, uncertainties regarding the time series length used to characterize a certain wave state, uncertainties related to the
JONSWAP spectrum parameters...... like offshore wind turbines. This paper focus on the Wavestar prototype for reliability assessments. This
device is located at DanWEC in Hanstholm (DK)....
393. Hydraulic evaluation of Joltechs GyroPTO for wave energy applications

(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/219529732/Hydraulic_evaluation_of_Joltech_s_GyroPTO_for_wave_energy_applications.pdf)
()
Kramer, Morten Mejlhede; Pecher, Arthur Francois Serge; Guaraldi, Irene;
The work presented in this report was completed under the support from the Danish Energy Technological Development and Demonstration
Program (EUDP), project no. 64014-0129 Gyro electric energy converter unit for wave energy. Testing took place in the wave basin at the
Department of Civil...
394. Model based feasibility study on bidirectional check valves in wave energy converters
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Hansen, Anders Hedegaard; Pedersen, Henrik C.; Andersen, Torben Ole

2014-01-01
valves in wave energy converters to improve the system efficiency. A single float arm of the Wavestar wave energy converter is modelled
including the power take-off (PTO) system. The primary stage of the utilised PTO-system is a discrete fluid power force system consisting of a
multi-chamber cylinder and...
395. Model based design of efficient power take-off systems for wave energy converters (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186053860)
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Hansen, Rico Hjerm; Andersen, Torben Ole; Pedersen, Henrik C.

2011-01-01
The Power Take-Off (PTO) is the core of a Wave Energy Converter (WECs), being the technology converting wave induced oscillations from
mechanical energy to electricity. The induced oscillations are characterized by being slow with varying frequency and amplitude. Resultantly, fluid
power is often...
396. [Report of] Specialist Committee V.4: ocean, wind and wave energy utilization (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od_______348::cffb799640331067a0aca47beb4bab24)
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Nielsen, F.G.; Argyriadis, K.; Fonseca, N.; Le Boulluec, M.; Liu, P; Suzuki, H; Sirkar, J.; Tarp-Johansen, N.J.; Turnock, S.R.; Waegter, J.; Zong, Z
2009-01-01
The committee's mandate was : Concern for structural design of ocean energy utilization devices, such as offshore wind turbines, support
structures and fixed or floating wave and tidal energy converters. Attention shall be given to the interaction between the load and the structural
response and shall include due consideration of the stochastic nature of the waves, current and wind.
397. Absolute instability from linear conversion of counter-propagating positive and negative energy waves
()
Kaufman, A.N.; Brizard, A.J.; Morehead, J.J. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., CA (United States); Tracy, E.R. [College of William and Mary,
Williamsburg, VA (United States)
1997-12-31
The resonant interaction of a negative-energy wave with a positive-energy wave gives rise to a linear instability. Whereas a single crossing of
rays in a nonuniform medium leads to a convectively saturated instability, we show that a double crossing can yield an absolute instability.
398. Innovative Seawalls and Rubble Mound Breakwater Design for Wave Energy Conversion
()
Vicinanza, Diego; Contestabile, P.; Ferrante, V.; Stagonas, D.; Mller, G.; Andersen, Thomas Lykke; Nrgaard, Jrgen Harck; Frigaard,
Peter
2012-01-01
The development of contemporary coastal infrastructure is nowadays dictated by the need for economical and environmental sustainability, which
can however be provided by the combination of breakwaters and Wave Energy Converters (WEC). The latter convert wave energy to electricity,
whilst previous...
399. Experimental Update of the Overtopping Model Used for the Wave Dragon Wave Energy Converter
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Parmeggiani, Stefano; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Friis-Madsen, Erik

2013-01-01
experimental investigation is carried out to update an existing formulation suited for 2D draft-limited, low-crested structures, in order to include the
effects on the overtopping flow of the wave steepness, the 3D geometry of Wave Dragon, the wing reflectors, the device motions and the nonrigid connection...... which can be measured in real-time. Instead of using new fitting coefficients, this approach allows a broader applicability of
the model beyond the Wave Dragon case, to any overtopping WEC or structure within the range of tested conditions. Predictions reliability of
overtopping over Wave Dragon...
400. Real-time Forecasting and Control for Oscillating Wave Energy Devices (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od_______223::3ecf096a194f34069f3d4471fe064f88)
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Fusco, Francesco
2012-01-01
Ocean wave energy represents a signicant resource of renewable energy and can make an important contribution to the development of a more
sustainable solution in support of the contemporary society, which is becoming more and more energy intensive. A perspective is given on the
benefits that wave energy can introduce, in terms of variability of the power supply, when combined with oshore wind. Despite its potential,
however, the technology for the generation of electricity from...
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401. System Analysis for Hydrostatic Transmission for Wave Energy Applications - Simulation and Validation
(https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=od_______104::7cd2fdeca89761591e84bcdf97bfda4d)
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Dieel, Dominic; Bryans, Garth; Verdegem, Louis; Murrenhoff, Hubertus

2016-01-01
Wave Energy Converters (WEC) are used to transform energy stored in ocean waves into electrical energy. One type of WECs consists of
buoyant bodies. To extract energy from their motion, hydraulic cylinders can be used to generate hydraulic power. For conversion into electric
power various systems have been analysed in literature. However, the focus was put on efficiency and rigorous analyses of the system behaviour
are still missing. In this paper an exemplary system consisting of two hydraul...
402. Blast Shock Wave Mitigation Using the Hydraulic Energy Redirection and Release Technology (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od_______908::5082e726c814895c19a85058a73a627b)
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Chen, Yun; Huang, Wei; Constantini, Shlomi

2012-01-01
A hydraulic energy redirection and release technology has been developed for mitigating the effects of blast shock waves on protected objects.
The technology employs a liquid-filled plastic tubing as a blast overpressure transformer to transfer kinetic energy of blast shock waves into
hydraulic energy in the plastic tubings. The hydraulic energy is redirected through the plastic tubings to the openings at the lower ends, and then
is quickly released with the liquid flowing out through the ope...
403. The synoptic setting and possible energy sources for mesoscale wave disturbances (http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
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Uccellini, Louis W.; Koch, Steven E.

1987-01-01
Published data on 13 cases of mesoscale wave disturbances and their environment were examined to isolate common features for these cases
and to determine possible energy sources for the waves. These events are characterized by either a singular wave of depression or wave
packets with periods of 1-4 h, horizontal wavelengths of 50-500 km, and surface-pressure perturbation amplitudes of 0.2-7.0 mb. These wave
events are shown to be associated with a distinct synoptic pattern (including the existence of a strong inversion in the lower troposphere and the
propagation of a jet streak toward a ridge axis in the upper troposphere) while displaying little correlation with the presence of convective storm
cells. The observed development of the waves is consistent with the hypothesis that the energy source needed to initiate and sustain the wave
disturbances may be related to a geostrophic adjustment process associated with upper-tropospheric jet streaks.
404. Application of the Time-Dependent Mild-Slope Equations for the Simulation of Wake Effects in the Lee of a Farm of Wave Dragon Wave Energy
Converters (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/847865)
()
Beels, Charlotte; Troch, Peter; Visch, Kenneth De;

2010-01-01
Time-dependent mild-slope equations have been extensively used to compute wave transformations near coastal and offshore structures for
more than 20 years. Recently the wave absorption characteristics of a Wave Energy Converter (abbreviated as WEC) of the overtopping type
have been implemented in a...... time-dependent mild-slope equation model by using numerical sponge layers. In this paper the developed WEC
implementation is applied to a single Wave Dragon WEC and multiple Wave Dragon WECs. The Wave Dragon WEC is a floating offshore
converter of the overtopping type. Two wave reflectors focus the...
405. Wave Sources, Energy Propagation and Conversion for Anomalous Rossby Wave Activities Along the West Asian Jet Stream
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YANG Lianmei; Zhang Qingyun

2009-01-01
Characteristics of the wave sources, energy propagation and conversion for anomalous Rossby wave activities (RWAs) along the West Asian
jet stream (WAJS) in summer are examined based on the NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for
Atmospheric Research) reanaiysis data from 1958 to 2003, using the vorticity source equation, the Eliassen-Palm (EP) flux, and the wave energy
equation under diabatic heating. The study aims to find the dynamical causes for RWA anomalies along the WAJS and to improve the
understanding of mid-high latitude circulation anomalies. The results show that the negative vorticity source and the strong EP flux divergence
over the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic - Scandinavian Peninsula area act as the wave sources for RWA anomalies along the WAJS.
When the intensity and position of the wave sources are anomalous, the excited eastward-propagating RWA along the WAJS also behaves
anomalously. In strong (weak) years of RWA, Rossby waves excited by the strong divergence of EP fluxes over the Iceland - Scandinavian
Peninsula area (east to the Scandinavian Peninsula) propagate eastward and southeastward. The eastward propagating waves become
strengthened (weakened) after turning southeastward near the Ural Mountains and then entering the Asian subtropi- cal westerly jet stream
(ASWJS) over the Caspian Sea-Aral Sea-Xinjiang. The southeastward propagating waves also strengthen (weaken) after directly entering the
ASWJS over the eastern Mediterranean-the Black Sea. Furthermore, the divergence of EP fluxes over the Mediterranean also strengthens
(weakens) in the strong (weak) years, so they jointly bring about the strong (weak) RWA along the WAJS. Finally, the perturbation available
potential energy (PAPE) along the WAJS (15-60E) produced by diabatic heating, is far greater than the conversion from the kinetic energy of
the basic flow into the perturbation kinetic energy and from the available potential
406. Quantified Energy Dissipation Rates: Electromagnetic Wave Observations in the Terrestrial Bow Shock (http://arxiv.org/pdf/1305.2333.pdf)
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Wilson, L B; Breneman, A W; Contel, O Le; Cully, C; Turner, D L; Angelopoulos, V

2013-01-01
We present the first quantified measure of the rate of energy dissipated per unit volume by high frequency electromagnetic waves in the transition
region of the Earth's collisionless bow shock using data from the THEMIS spacecraft. Every THEMIS shock crossing examined with available
wave burst data showed both low frequency ( 10 Hz) electromagnetic and electrostatic waves throughout the entire transition region and into the
magnetosheath. The waves in both frequency ranges had large amplitudes, but the higher frequency waves, which are the focus of this study,
showed larger contributions to both the Poynting flux and the energy dissipation rates. The higher frequency waves were identified as
combinations of ion-acoustic waves, electron cyclotron drift instability driven waves, electrostatic solitary waves, and whistler mode waves. These
waves were found to have: (1) amplitudes capable of exceeding dB ~ 10 nT and dE ~ 300 mV/m, though more typical values were dB ~ 0.1-1.0
nT and dE ~ 10-50 mV/m; (2) energy flu...
407. The observations of high energy electrons and associated waves by DSP satellites during substorm (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?
orig_q=RN:39078411)
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Double Star Program (DSP) is a CNSA-ESA cooperation mission. DSP consists of two satellites: Equatorial satellite (TC-1) and Polar satellite
(TC-2). This paper presents important observations of long duration loss of high energetic electrons and relevant waves in the recovery phase of
substorm, that are made by LFEW and HEED of the polar satellite of DSP (TC-2). The HEED of TC-2 observed a loss event of high energetic
electrons which lasted about 4 minute. At the same time, the LFEW of TC-2 observed a wave burst. The wave burst began 1 minute earlier than
the loss event of energetic electrons. The frequency of waves ranges form 600 Hz to over 10 kHz. The analyses of wave characteristics indicate
that the wave was whistler-mode. Thus it is very possible that the loss of high energy electrons was caused by wave activities through
wave-particle interactions
408. High Energy Photon Total Cross Section of Nuclei by Packed Cluster of Nucleon Wave Barriers (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?
orig_q=RN:31065334)
()
The nucleon rest mass wave resists changes, through barriers formed for balance between quantum states during perturbation. As nucleon rest
mass wave is formed by 3 wave stages which also define the nuclear binding energy, three states appear in deutron perturbation.The three wave
states give coupling levels for the next balance for 5 quantum states in Packed Cluster. The Paced Cluster adopts the first nucleon wave barrier
for formation of all its nucleon states at lower enrergy. When one of the nucleon wave barriers is excited all nucleons get in quantum order of
which the Packed Cluster is a sub-order. As the Packed Cluster conserves states during changes, it is also perturbed at nucleon wave barriers
energy. Perturbation of the first nucleon wave barrier gives delta-resonance of all nuclei at 0.44 mb/A cross section. As the nucleon wave puts an
upper level of perturbation, the photon is reemitted at constant cross section 0.098 mb/ A for all nuclei at higher energies. A proton gets in
Packed Cluster, if a photon excites a proton wave barrier for Packed Cluster coupling. This yields proton delta-resonance at 0.6 mb and a
constant cross section 0.13 mb for photon energy. These results are consistent with delta -resonance data
409. Predictability and variability of wave and wind: wave and wind forecasting and diversified energy systems in the Danish North Sea
(http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?query_id=1&page=0&osti_id=22097125)
()
Fernandez-Chozas, J.; Soerensen, Hans Christian; Kofoed, J.P.

2013-03-15
This project covers two fields of study: a) Wave energy predictability and electricity markets. b) Variability of the power output of WECs in
diversified systems: diversified renewable systems with wave and offshore wind production. The issue of the first part of this research project is:
1) Quantify how accurately waves can be predicted and compare that value to winds predictability. 2) Estimate WECs and wind turbines power
productions predictability. 3) Estimate the errors incurred in the bids to the day-ahead market, both for wave and for wind energy, if the
productions had been traded in day-ahead electricity markets. 4) Evaluate economically the errors of day-ahead bids and assess the economic
benefits, in terms of reduction in balancing costs, of including wave energy in a system based on wind energy solely. On the whole, the research
focus has been the economic value of waves' predictability. To the authors knowledge, it is the most comprehensive study on wave power
forecasting in the North Sea waters, both for waves and for WECs power productions. Results suggest that for day-ahead forecasts, waves are
23% more predictable than winds, the power output of WECs is 35% more predictable than for wind turbines, and the inclusion of wave energy in
a wind-only system reduces balancing costs up to 35%. This would imply annual savings to the Danish system of 13 MEUR (i.e. 95 MDKK/y) and
a balancing premium tariff for wave energy of 1.8 EUR/MWh (compared to the current premium tariff of wind turbines of 3 EUR/MWh). In a
nutshell, results have shown the benefits of waves' predictability. The second research study has focused on the opportunities of combining the
power production of different technologies in the same site to provide a continuous power output. Particularly, it has investigated the combined
power production of WECs and of wind turbines. The study has focused on the benefits of a combined wave and wind power output compared to
the individual
410. 75 FR 21289 - Oregon Wave Energy Partners I, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing...
(https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-04-23/pdf/2010-9411.pdf)
()
2010-04-23
... Energy Regulatory Commission Oregon Wave Energy Partners I, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application..., 2010. On March 2, 2010,
Oregon Wave Energy Partners I, LLC filed an application for a subsequent.... Applicant Contact: Mr. Charles F. Dunleavy, Oregon Wave Energy
Partners I, LLC, 1590 Reed Road,...
411. Predictability of the Power Output of Three Wave Energy Technologies in the Danish North Sea
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Chozas, Julia Fernandez; Jensen, N. E. Helstrup; Srensen, H. C.;

2013-01-01
The paper addresses an important challenge towards the integration of the electricity generated by wave energy converters into the electric grid.
Particularly, it looks into the role of wave energy within day-ahead electricity markets. For that the predictability of the theoretical power outputs
of...... three wave energy technologies in the Danish North Sea are examined. The simultaneous and co-located forecast and buoy-measured
wave parameters at Hanstholm, Denmark, during a non-consecutive autumn and winter 3-month period form the basis of the investigation. The
objective of the study is to assess...... the accuracy of the forecast of (i) wave parameters, (ii) the normalised theoretical power productions of the
selected technologies (Pelamis, Wave Dragon and Wavestar), and (iii) the normalised theoretical power production of a combination of the three
converters, during a very energetic time period...
412. Predictability of the Power Output of Three Wave Energy Technologies in the Danish North Sea
(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/66212291/Predictability_of_the_Power_Output_of_Three_Wave_Energy_Technologies_in_the_Danish_North_Sea_version_After_Conference.pdfhttp://v
()
Chozas, Julia Fernandez; Jensen, N. E. Helstrup; Srensen, H. C.;

2011-01-01
The paper addresses an important challenge ahead the integration of the electricity generated by wave energy conversion technologies into the
electric grid. Particularly, it looks into the role of wave energy within the day-ahead electricity market. For that the predictability of the
theoretical...... power outputs of three wave energy technologies in the Danish North Sea are examined. The simultaneous and co-located
forecast and buoy-measured wave parameters at Hanstholm, Denmark, during a non-consecutive autumn and winter 3-month period form the
basis of the investigation. The objective of the...... study is to provide an indication on the accuracy of the forecast of i) wave parameters, ii) the
normalised theoretical power productions from each of the selected technologies (Pelamis, Wave Dragon and Wavestar), and iii) the normalised
theoretical power production of a combination of the three devices...
413. Magnetic helicity conservation and inverse energy cascade in electron magnetohydrodynamic wave packets.
()
Cho, Jungyeon
2011-05-13
Electron magnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) provides a fluidlike description of small-scale magnetized plasmas. An EMHD wave propagates along
magnetic field lines. The direction of propagation can be either parallel or antiparallel to the magnetic field lines. We numerically study
propagation of three-dimensional (3D) EMHD wave packets moving in one direction. We obtain two major results. (1) Unlike its
magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) counterpart, an EMHD wave packet is dispersive. Because of this, EMHD wave packets traveling in one direction
create opposite-traveling wave packets via self-interaction and cascade energy to smaller scales. (2) EMHD wave packets traveling in one
direction clearly exhibit inverse energy cascade. We find that the latter is due to conservation of magnetic helicity. We compare inverse energy
cascade in 3D EMHD turbulence and two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic turbulence. PMID:21668138
414. Dynamic analysis of floating wave energy generation system with mooring system (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?
()
Choi, Gyu Seok; Sohn, Jeong Hyun [Pukyong Nat' l Univ., Busan (Korea, Republic of)
2013-02-15
In this study, dynamic behaviors of a wave energy generation system (WEGS) that converts wave energy into electric energy are analyzed using
multibody dynamics techniques. Many studies have focused on reducing the effects of a mooring system on the motion of a WEGS. Several
kinematic constraints and force elements are employed in the modeling stage. Three dimensional wave load equations are used to implement
wave loads. The dynamic behaviors of a WEGS are analyzed under several wave conditions by using MSC/ADAMS, and the rotating speed of
the generating shaft is investigated for predicting the electricity capacity. The dynamic behaviors of a WEGS with a mooring system are
compared with those of a WEGS without a mooring system. Stability evaluation of a WEGS is carried out through simulation under extreme wave
load.
415. Spectral energy transfer of atmospheric gravity waves through sum and difference nonlinear interactions
(http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?query_id=1&page=0&osti_id=21548055)
()
Huang, K.M. [Wuhan Univ. (China). School of Electronic Information; Chinese Academey of Sciences, Hefei (China). Key Lab. of Geospace
Environment; Embry Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach, FL (United States). Dept. of Physical Science; Ministry of Education, Wuhan
(China). Key Lab. of Geospace Environment and Geodesy; State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan (China); Liu, A.Z.; Li, Z.
[Embry Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach, FL (United States). Dept. of Physical Science; Zhang, S.D.; Yi, F. [Wuhan Univ. (China).
School of Electronic Information; Ministry of Education, Wuhan (China). Key Lab. of Geospace Environment and Geodesy; State Observatory for
Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan (China)
2012-07-01
Nonlinear interactions of gravity waves are studied with a two-dimensional, fully nonlinear model. The energy exchanges among resonant and
near-resonant triads are examined in order to understand the spectral energy transfer through interactions. The results show that in both
resonant and near-resonant interactions, the energy exchange between two high frequency waves is strong, but the energy transfer from large to
small vertical scale waves is rather weak. This suggests that the energy cascade toward large vertical wavenumbers through nonlinear
interaction is inefficient, which is different from the rapid turbulence cascade. Because of considerable energy exchange, nonlinear interactions
can effectively spread high frequency spectrum, and play a significant role in limiting wave amplitude growth and transferring energy into higher
altitudes. In resonant interaction, the interacting waves obey the resonant matching conditions, and resonant excitation is reversible, while nearresonant excitation is not so. Although near-resonant interaction shows the complexity of match relation, numerical experiments show an
interesting result that when sum and difference near-resonant interactions occur between high and low frequency waves, the wave vectors tend
to approximately match in horizontal direction, and the frequency of the excited waves is also close to the matching value. (orig.)
416. Extreme Loads on the Mooring Lines and Survivability Mode for the Wave Dragon Wave Energy Converter
(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/54619752/Extreme_Loads_on_the_Mooring_Lines_and_Survivability_Mode_for_the_Wave_Dragon_Wave_Energy_Converter.pdf)
()
Parmeggiani, Stefano; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Friis-Madsen, E.

2011-01-01
the design requirements with almost no added cost. The paper presents the result of the tank testing of a 1:51.8 scale model of a North Sea
Wave Dragon in extreme wave conditions of up to 100 years of return period. The results show that the extreme loads in the main mooring line
can be reduced by...
417. The physical basis for estimating wave-energy spectra with the radar ocean-wave spectrometer (http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
()
Jackson, Frederick C.
1987-01-01
The derivation of the reflectivity modulation spectrum of the sea surface for near-nadir-viewing microwave radars using geometrical optics is
described. The equations required for the derivation are presented. The derived reflectivity modulation spectrum provides data on the physical
basis of the radar ocean-wave spectrometer measurements of ocean-wave directional spectra.
418. Australia explores apprehensively the renewable energies (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:37000456)

()
The development of new energy technologies worldwide is a result of the depletion of fossil fuel and non-renewable resources and of the
collective awareness about the potential consequences of the greenhouse effect. The strong dependence of Australia with respect to fossil fuels
is a consequence of its abundant resources (mainly coal) but leads to important CO2 emissions. Australia is thus the first emitter of greenhouse
gases per habitant in the world and its contribution to global emissions is of 1.6% for only 0.3% of the world population. Fortunately, despite fossil
fuel reserves amply sufficient with respect to the needs, the production of clean energy is developing in Australia and research programs have
been implemented for the exploration of new energy generation technologies: wind turbines for weak winds, hybrid wind-diesel power systems,
oscillating wave column (OWC) power generation systems, bio-energetic cultivation techniques (combined production of eucalyptus oil, of
activated charcoal, and of electricity with soil desalination), photovoltaic power generation, EnviroMission project of giant solar tower, research on
hydrogen production techniques (solar thermal conversion of natural gas, water electrolysis with photo-electrodes), fuel cells for domestic
cogeneration, hot dry rock geothermal systems. (J.S.)
419. Quantified Energy Dissipation Rates in the Terrestrial Bow Shock. 2; Waves and Dissipation (http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
R=20160005863&hterms=waves&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dwaves)
()
Wilson, L. B., III; Sibeck, D. G.; Breneman, A. W.; Le Contel, O.; Cully, C.; Turner, D. L.; Angelopoulos, V.; Malaspina, D. M.
2014-01-01
We present the first quantified measure of the energy dissipation rates, due to wave-particle interactions, in the transition region of the Earth's
collision-less bow shock using data from the Time History of Events and Macro-Scale Interactions during Sub-Storms spacecraft. Our results
show that wave-particle interactions can regulate the global structure and dominate the energy dissipation of collision-less shocks. In every bow
shock crossing examined, we observed both low-frequency (less than 10 hertz) and high-frequency (approximately or greater than10 hertz)
electromagnetic waves throughout the entire transition region and into the magnetosheath. The low-frequency waves were consistent with
magnetosonic-whistler waves. The high-frequency waves were combinations of ion-acoustic waves, electron cyclotron drift instability driven
waves, electrostatic solitary waves, and whistler mode waves. The high-frequency waves had the following: (1) peak amplitudes exceeding delta
B approximately equal to 10 nanoteslas and delta E approximately equal to 300 millivolts per meter, though more typical values were delta B
approximately equal to 0.1-1.0 nanoteslas and delta E approximately equal to 10-50 millivolts per meter (2) Poynting fluxes in excess of 2000
microWm(sup -2) (micro-waves per square meter) (typical values were approximately 1-10 microWm(sup -2) (micro-waves per square meter); (3)
resistivities greater than 9000 omega meters; and (4) associated energy dissipation rates greater than 10 microWm(sup -3) (micro-waves per
cubic meter). The dissipation rates due to wave-particle interactions exceeded rates necessary to explain the increase in entropy across the
shock ramps for approximately 90 percent of the wave burst durations. For approximately 22 percent of these times, the wave-particle
interactions needed to only be less than or equal to 0.1 percent efficient to balance the nonlinear wave steepening that produced the shock
waves. These results show that wave
420. Experimental Testing of the Langlee Wave Energy Converter (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186072259)

()
Lavelle, John; Kofoed, Jens Peter

2011-01-01
arrangement, with the flaps placed symmetrically opposing each other on a floating reference structure. This minimises the net force on the
reference frame and increases the stability of the reference frame under optimal wave conditions. This paper presents the results and analysis
from the wave tanks, which...... mean period of the waves. Ultrasonic sensors were used to obtain motion data in three degrees-of-freedom, from
which the free oscillation and the response to irregular waves were determined. Load cells were used to measure the mooring forces and used to
obtain a statistical description of them. The...
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421. Aero-Hydro-Elastic Simulation Platform for Wave Energy Systems and floating Wind Turbines (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od______1202::6384b49e2ddea32f8b74c550059ab662)
()
Kallese, Bjarne Skovmose

2011-01-01
This report present results from the PSO project 2008-1-10092 entitled Aero-Hydro-Elastic Simulation Platform for Wave Energy Systems and
floating Wind Turbines that deals with measurements, modelling and simulations of the worlds first combined wave and wind energy
platform. The floating energy conversion platform, Poseidon, is own and operated by Floating Power Plant A/S. The platform has been operating
for two test periods; one period where it was operating as a wave energy conversion pla...
422. Multimessenger astronomy with gravitational waves and high-energy neutrinos (http://arxiv.org/pdf/1203.5192.pdf)
()
Ando, S; Bouhou, B; Chassande-Mottin, E; Kouchner, A; Moscoso, L; Van Elewyck, Veronique; Bartos, I; Mrka, S; Mrka, Z; Corsi, A; Di
Palma, I; Papa, M A; Dietz, A; Donzaud, C; Eichler, D; Finley, C; Guetta, D; Halzen, F; Jones, G; Sutton, P J; Kandhasamy, S; Mandic, V;
Thrane, E; Kotake, K; Piran, T; Pradier, T; Romero, G E; Waxman, E
2013-01-01
Many of the astrophysical sources and violent phenomena observed in our Universe are potential emitters of gravitational waves (GW) and highenergy neutrinos (HEN). Both GWs and HENs may escape very dense media and travel unaffected over cosmological distances, carrying
information from the innermost regions of the astrophysical engines. Such messengers could also reveal new, hidden sources that have not been
observed by conventional photon-based astronomy. Coincident observation of GWs and HENs may thus play a critical role in multimessenger
astronomy. This is particularly true at the present time owing to the advent of a new generation of dedicated detectors: IceCube, ANTARES,
VIRGO and LIGO. Given the complexity of the instruments, a successful joint analysis of this data set will be possible only if the expertise and
knowledge of the data is shared between the two communities. This review aims at providing an overview of both theoretical and experimental
state-of-the-art and perspectives for such a GW+HEN...
423. Technical and Non-Technical Issues towards the Commercialisation of Wave Energy Converters
()
commercial reality. Experience has emphasised the importance in structuring the various development stages, due to the fact that step-by-step
advancements help to mitigate financial and technical risks throughout the development. As a result, the thesis first identifies the phases that
generally appear...... claimed advantages for the wave energy sector: the predictability of waves, and assesses the value of wave forecasting in
electricity markets. . vii. Lastly, it reviews the economic assessment of wave energy projects. . The scope of the thesis is broad and embraces
subjects that can be categorised within...
424. Technical and Non-Technical Issues Towards the Commercialisation of Wave Energy Converters
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considered cover all the stages from the WEC initial concept to its final commercial reality. Experience has emphasised the importance in
structuring the various development stages, due to the fact that step-by-step advancements help to mitigate financial and technical risks
throughout the development. As a...... availability. vi. It evaluates one of the most commonly claimed advantages for the wave energy sector: the
predictability of waves, and assesses the value of wave forecasting in electricity markets. vii. Lastly, it reviews the economic assessment of wave
energy projects. The scope of the thesis is broad and...
425. The Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of wave energy using GIS based analysis: the case study of Portugal
(https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=od______2019::12d75537c8716b4953d5592da8e661d7)
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Castro-Santos, Laura; Garcia, Geuffer; Estanqueiro, Ana; Justino, Paulo Alexandre

2015-01-01
The main objective of this paper is to establish an economic modelling of wave energy through a Geographical Information System (GIS).
Furthermore, this method has been tested for the particular case of the Portuguese coast. It determines the best sea areas to install wave energy
converters in this region, using spatial analysis of the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). Several economic parameters, as capital or O&M costs,
have been considered. In addition, a sensitivity analysis has been perfo...
426. Dissipation of wave energy and turbulence in a shallow coral reef lagoon (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?
bibcode=2012JGRC..117.3015H&link_type=ABSTRACT)
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Huang, Zhi-Cheng; Lenain, Luc; Melville, W. Kendall; Middleton, Jason H.; Reineman, Benjamin; Statom, Nicholas; McCabe, Ryan M.
2012-03-01
Simultaneous in situ measurements of waves, currents and turbulence are presented to describe dissipation rates of wave energy and turbulent
kinetic energy in the windward coral reef-lagoon system at Lady Elliot Island (LEI), Australia. The dissipation of wave energy in the lagoon is
tidally modulated and strongly correlates with frictional dissipation due to the presence of the extremely rough bottom boundary. The observed
turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rate, , in this wave-dominated lagoon is much larger than recently reported values for unidirectional
flows over natural fringing coral reefs. The correlation between the wave dissipation and is examined. The average rate of dissipation induced
by the rough turbulent flow was estimated directly from the observed coupled with both a depth-integrated approach and with a bottom
boundary layer scaling. Rates of TKE dissipation estimated using the two approaches approximate well, within a factor of 1.5 to 2.4, to the
surface-wave energy dissipation rate. The wave dissipation and friction factor in the lagoon can be described by a spectral wave-frictional model
with a bottom roughness length scale that is approximately constant across the lagoon. We also present estimates of dissipation induced by the
canopy drag force of the coral heads. The dissipation in this case is enhanced and becomes more significant for the total energy dissipation
when the water depth in the lagoon is comparable to the height of the coral heads.
427. Wave energy level and geographic setting correlate with Florida beach water quality. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26892203)
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Feng, Zhixuan; Reniers, Ad; Haus, Brian K; Solo-Gabriele, Helena M; Kelly, Elizabeth A
2016-03-15
Many recreational beaches suffer from elevated levels of microorganisms, resulting in beach advisories and closures due to lack of compliance
with Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. We conducted the first statewide beach water quality assessment by analyzing decadal
records of fecal indicator bacteria (enterococci and fecal coliform) levels at 262 Florida beaches. The objectives were to depict synoptic patterns
of beach water quality exceedance along the entire Florida shoreline and to evaluate their relationships with wave condition and geographic
location. Percent exceedances based on enterococci and fecal coliform were negatively correlated with both long-term mean wave energy and
beach slope. Also, Gulf of Mexico beaches exceeded the thresholds significantly more than Atlantic Ocean ones, perhaps partially due to the
lower wave energy. A possible linkage between wave energy level and water quality is beach sand, a pervasive nonpoint source that tends to
harbor more bacteria in the low-wave-energy environment. PMID:26892203
428. Gravitational-wave energy and radiation reaction on quasi-spherical black holes (http://cds.cern.ch/record/481985/files/0012077.pdf)
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Hayward, S A
2000-01-01
Gravitational waves are given a local definition in a quasi-spherical approximation, describing roughly spherical but otherwise dynamical
astrophysical objects, such as a black hole forming by binary black-hole coalescence. A local effective energy tensor is defined for the
gravitational waves, satisfying standard energy conditions. Radiation reaction, such as the back-reaction of the gravitational waves on the black
hole, may then be described by including the gravitational-wave energy tensor as a source in the truncated Einstein equations. This can be
formulated as a second quasi-spherical approximation, which retains non-linear terms in the fields encoding the gravitational waves. The
energy-momentum in a canonical frame is covariantly conserved. The strain to be measured by a distant detector is simply defined.
429. Study on energy attenuation of ultrasonic Guided waves going through girth welds (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/20897617/)
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Li Yibo; Jin Shijiu; Sun Liying [Tianjin University (China); Sha Jile [Bohai Oil Industry and Trade Company (China)
2005-07-01
Ultrasonic guided wave can be used to inspect some parts of the pipe which is inaccessible to other conventional NDT methods, and rapid, long
distance inspection can be achieved. Thus, it enjoys promising broad application in the field of pipe inspection. When ultrasonic guided wave is
excited at one location, its propagating distance along the pipe is depended on energy attenuation of ultrasonic guided wave. During the process
of long-range pipe engineering inspection, ultrasonic guided waves may go through many girth welds and elbows. Girth weld reflects much
energy of guided waves, thus they attenuate a great deal after passing several girth welds. Furthermore, defect detection either in the elbow
region or beyond it is usually difficult due to its geometry complexity and flexural mode conversion in pipe elbow region. In this paper, factors that
may cause attenuation of ultrasonic guided waves (longitudinal wave and torsional wave) were studied and research was carried out on energy
attenuation of guided waves when going through girth welds and elbow. In the end, comparison of the two guided waves on sensitivity and
location precision of defects such as notch, burr and branch was given. (author)
430. Design of the dual-buoy wave energy converter based on actual wave data of East Sea
(http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2015.7.issue-4/ijnaoe-2015-0052/ijnaoe-2015-0052.xml?format=INT)
()
Kim Jeongrok
2015-07-01
Full Text Available A new conceptual dual-buoy Wave Energy Converter (WEC for the enhancement of energy extraction efficiency is suggested.
Based on actual wave data, the design process for the suggested WEC is conducted in such a way as to ensure that it is suitable in real sea.
Actual wave data measured in Koreas East Sea (position: 36.404 N and 129.274 E from May 1, 2002 to March 29, 2005 were used as
the input wave spectrum for the performance estimation of the dual-buoy WEC. The suggested WEC, a point absorber type, consists of two
concentric floating circular cylinders (an inner and a hollow outer buoy. Multiple resonant frequencies in proposed WEC affect the Power Ttakeoff (PTO performance of the WEC. Based on the numerical results, several design strategies are proposed to further enhance the extraction
efficiency, including intentional mismatching among the heave natural frequencies of dual buoys, the natural frequency of the internal fluid, and
the peak frequency of the input wave spectrum.
431. Introduction Of Wavestar Wave Energy Converters At The Danish Offshore Wind Power Plant Horns Rev 2
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Marquis, L.; Kramer, Morten; Kringelum, J.; Chozas, Julia Fernandez; Helstrup, N.E.
connected to a wind turbine at the DONG Energy owned wind power plant Horns Rev 2 placed off the western coast of Denmark. The plant
delivers its energy production to a transformer station owned by Energinet.dk. Energinet.dk has the obligation to ensure that power is transmitted
to the Danish consumers. If...... Executed the project will be the first one in the world where wind and wave power are combined at full scale. The
goal of the project is to evaluate the opportunities of combining wind and wave energy production on a commercial scale and to demonstrate the
reduction of energy fluctuations with this...... combination. This can increase the value of the produced power from future wind/wave plants.
Further potential synergies of combining wind and wave energy in the same area include increased energy production from the available area
and sharing of infrastructure costs as well as O&M facilities. In a future...
432. Wave energy saturation on a natural beach of variable slope. (http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70012260)

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Sallenger, A.H., Jr.; Holman, R.A.

1985-01-01
Time series of flow were measured across the inner surf zone during a storm. These data were used to quantify the dependence of wave height
(transformed from measured flow) and velocity on local slope and depth. Local depth increased with local slope and was independent of
deepwater wave steepness.-from Authors
433. Numerical comparison between deep water and intermediate water depth expressions applied to a wave energy converter
(https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doajarticles::9beca62d31a7bb970a903779cb68942b)
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Pedro Beiro; Duarte Valrio

2015-01-01
The energy that can be captured from the sea waves and converted into electricity should be seen as a contribution to decrease the excessive
dependency and growing demand of fossil fuels. Devices suitable to harness this kind of renewable energy source and convert it into
electricitywave energy converters (WECs)are not yet commercially competitive. There are several types of WECs, with different designs
and working principles. One possible classification is their distance to the shoreline a...
434. The role of coral reef rugosity in dissipating wave energy and coastal protection (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1817446H)
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Harris, Daniel; Rovere, Alessio; Parravicini, Valeriano; Casella, Elisa

2016-04-01
Coral reefs are the most effective natural barrier in dissipating wave energy through breaking and bed friction. The attenuation of wave energy by
coral reef flats is essential in the protection and stability of coral reef aligned coasts and reef islands. However, the effectiveness of wave energy
dissipation by coral reefs may be diminished under future climate change scenarios with a potential reduction of coral reef rugosity due to
increased stress environmental stress on corals. The physical roughness or rugosity of coral reefs is directly related to ecological diversity, reef
health, and hydrodynamic roughness. However, the relationship between physical roughness and hydrodynamic roughness is not well
understood despite the crucial role of bed friction in dissipating wave energy in coral reef aligned coasts. We examine the relationship between
wave energy dissipation across a fringing reef in relation to the cross-reef ecological zonation and the benthic hydrodynamic roughness. Waves
were measured by pressure transducers in a cross-reef transect on the reefs flats and post processed on a wave by wave basis to determine
wave statistics such as significant wave height and wave period. Results from direct wave measurement were then used to calibrate a 1D wave
dissipation model that incorporates dissipation functions due to bed friction and wave breaking. This model was used to assess the bed
roughness required to produce the observed wave height dissipation during propagation from deep water and across the coral reef flats.
Changes in wave dissipation was also examined under future scenarios of sea level rise and reduced bed roughness. Three dimensional models
of the benthic reef structure were produced through structure-from-motion photogrammetry surveys. Reef rugosity was then determined from
these surveys and related to the roughness results from the calibrated model. The results indicate that applying varying roughness coefficients as
the benthic ecological
435. Resonant energy conversion of 3-minute intensity oscillations into Alfven waves in the solar atmosphere
(http://cds.cern.ch/record/1024879/files/0703482.pdf)
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Kuridze, D
2007-01-01
Nonlinear coupling between 3-minute oscillations and Alfven waves in the solar lower atmosphere is studied. 3-minute oscillations are considered
as acoustic waves trapped in a chromospheric cavity and oscillating along transversally inhomogeneous vertical magnetic field. It is shown that
under the action of the oscillations the temporal dynamics of Alfven waves is governed by Mathieu equation. Consequently, the harmonics of
Alfven waves with twice period and wavelength of 3-minute oscillations grow exponentially in time near the layer where the sound and Alfven
speeds equal. Thus the 3-minute oscillations are resonantly absorbed by pure Alfven waves near this resonant layer. The resonant Alfven waves
may penetrate into the solar corona taking energy from the chromosphere. Therefore the layer c_s=v_A may play a role of energy channel for
otherwise trapped acoustic oscillations.
436. A review of hydrodynamic investigations into arrays of ocean wave energy converters (http://arxiv.org/pdf/1508.00866.pdf)
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De Chowdhury, S; Sanchez, A Madrigal; Fleming, A; Winship, B; Illesinghe, S; Toffoli, A; Babanin, A; Penesis, I; Manasseh, R
2015-01-01
Theoretical, numerical and experimental studies on arrays of ocean wave energy converter are reviewed. The importance of extracting wave
power via an array as opposed to individual wave-power machines has long been established. There is ongoing interest in implementing key
technologies at commercial scale owing to the recent acceleration in demand for renewable energy. To date, several reviews have been
published on the science and technology of harnessing ocean-wave power. However, there have been few reviews of the extensive literature on
ocean wave-power arrays. Research into the hydrodynamic modelling of ocean wave-power arrays is analysed. Where ever possible,
comparisons are drawn with physical scaled experiments. Some critical knowledge gaps have been found. Specific emphasis has been paid on
understanding how the modelling and scaled experiments are likely to be complementary to each other.
437. Elemental compositions of high-energy ions produced by magnetosonic waves in quiescent plasmas (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?
orig_q=RN:24013419)
()
The structure of a nonlinear magnetosonic wave in a multiple-ion-species plasma is analytically investigated, and the elemental composition of
ions reflected by the magnetosonic wave is studied. Firstly, stationary solutions of magnetosonic waves propagating perpendicularly to a
magnetic field in a plasma consisting of electrons and two-species ions are obtained from a fluid model. Secondly, on the basis of the solitary
wave solution, conditions for ion reflection are discussed. Then, the fraction of high-energy ions produced by a magnetosonic wave is expressed
in terms of the ion mass, charge, thermal speed, Alfven speed, and wave amplitude. It rapidly decreases with increasing mass. It is found that
most of the light ions can be reflected in a multiple-ion-species plasma even for small-amplitude waves if the masses of the main component ions
are sufficiently heavy. (author)
438. Experimental Update of the Overtopping Model Used for the Wave Dragon Wave Energy Converter (http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/6/4/1961)
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Erik Friis-Madsen
2013-04-01
Full Text Available An overtopping model specifically suited for Wave Dragon is needed in order to improve the reliability of its performance
estimates. The model shall be comprehensive of all relevant physical processes that affect overtopping and flexible to adapt to any local
conditions and device configuration. An experimental investigation is carried out to update an existing formulation suited for 2D draft-limited, lowcrested structures, in order to include the effects on the overtopping flow of the wave steepness, the 3D geometry of Wave Dragon, the wing
reflectors, the device motions and the non-rigid connection between platform and reflectors. The study is carried out in four phases, each of them
specifically targeted at quantifying one of these effects through a sensitivity analysis and at modeling it through custom-made parameters. These
are depending on features of the wave or the device configuration, all of which can be measured in real-time. Instead of using new fitting
coefficients, this approach allows a broader applicability of the model beyond the Wave Dragon case, to any overtopping WEC or structure within
the range of tested conditions. Predictions reliability of overtopping over Wave Dragon increased, as the updated model allows improved
accuracy and precision respect to the former version.
439. Three-dimensional sound signals and their relevance to wave energy quantities and sound interference products
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003ASAJ..114.2350V)
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Vassilakis, Pantelis
2003-10-01
Signals are graphic representations of vibrations/waves and, like every representation, capture only selected attributes of the phenomenon they
are meant to represent. The often assumed equivalence between signals and sound waves obscures the fact that two-dimensional signals are
not fit to (a) represent wave-energy quantities consistently across frequencies, (b) account for the alternating positive/negative amplitude values
of modulated waves with AM-depth>100%, and (c) represent the energy content of interference. An alternative sound-signal representation is
proposed, based on the complex equation of motion describing a wave. It results in spiral sine signals and twisted-spiral complex signals, similar
to complex analytic signals. Spiral sine signals offer a consistent measure of sine-wave energy across frequencies, while twisted spiral complex
signals account for the negative amplitudes observed in modulated signals and map the modulation parameters onto the twisting parameters. In
terms of interference, 3-D signals illustrate that amplitude fluctuations and the signal envelopes that describe them are not just boundary curves
but waves that trace changes in the total instantaneous energy of a signal over time, representing the oscillation between potential and kinetic
energies within a wave. Examples of 3-D animations illustrating the proposed signals are presented. a)Work completed while at the Department
of Ethnomusicology, University of California, Los Angeles.
440. Wave energy gradients across a Maldivian atoll: Implications for island geomorphology (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Geomo..81....1K)
()
Kench, Paul S.; Brander, Robert W.; Parnell, Kevin E.; McLean, Roger F.
2006-11-01
Exposure to wave energy has been used to account for a range of ecological, geological and geomorphic processes in coral reef systems, but
few attempts have been made to quantify spatial variations in energy at the atoll scale. This study presents results of measurements of wave
energy on reef platforms across South Maalhosmadulu Atoll, Maldives and their implications for island geomorphology. The atoll has a perforated
rim (37% effective aperture) and experiences predictable shifts in monsoon winds from the west (8 months) and northeast (4 months). Results
show that wave energy affecting the atoll is considerably greater during the westerly monsoon. Atoll structure promotes significant changes in
wave energy and wave characteristics across the atoll. Short period (3-8 s) monsoon-driven wave energy, which is significant on windward reefs,
is dissipated on the peripheral reef network and the density of lagoonal patch reefs limits development of locally generated wind-wave energy
across the lagoon. However, longer period swell (8-20 s) propagates through the lagoon to leeward reefs. A windward to leeward decay in wave
energy is evident in the westerly monsoon, but not in the northeast monsoon, when long period swell (from the southwest) remains significant on
western reefs. Net energy calculations that account for seasonal changes in wave energy across the atoll identify a steep west-east gradient that
has geomorphic significance for island building. Western reefs are dominated by westerly flowing energy that is 4.5-7 times the total energy input
elsewhere in the atoll. Wave energy on central reefs is balanced, whereas net energy on eastern reef platforms is dominated by eastward
propagating waves. This steep energy gradient provides a physical explanation for the presence and distribution of islands on reef platforms
across the atoll and provides quantitative support for the theory of Gardiner [Gardiner, J.S., 1903. The Fauna and Geography of the Maldives and
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441. Building a wave energy policy focusing on innovation, manufacturing and deployment (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?
orig_q=RN:41111108)
()
The Irish Government has set a goal to make Ireland a world leader for research, development and deployment of ocean energy technologies.
Ireland has a wave energy resource of 21 TWh and an ambition is to achieve at least 500 MW installed generating capacity from ocean energy
by 2020. This paper investigates what is required to move from ambition to delivery. A successful wave energy strategy will require focused
policies that will stimulate innovation to develop the technologies, manufacturing to produce the devices and deployment to build the required
wave power plants. The paper draws on the successful policies in Ireland that have stimulated each of these dimensions, albeit for different
sectors. From 2004 to 2008, successful policies in (ICT and biotech) innovation led to an increase in Ireland's Innovation Index score from 0.48 to
0.53. The policy focus on (food and pharmaceuticals) manufacturing in Ireland resulted in high levels of economic growth over the period 19982002, reaching >10% GDP growth levels per annum, and full employment. Successful wind energy policies deployment has accelerated rapidly
since 2003 and reached 1.2 GW installed capacity in 2009 representing 15% of Ireland's total installed capacity. The paper draws on appropriate
elements of these policies to build a successful wave energy policy for Ireland. It also draws on the successful policies adopted in Denmark for
innovation, manufacturing and deployment of wind energy. The Danish wind turbine manufacturers hold a world market share of approximately
40%. The paper proposes establishing a wave energy strategy group to develop an action plan to deliver the 500 MW. It also proposes a novel
extension of corporate tax specifically for wave energy companies, an initial 30% capital grant scheme for wave energy developers, a grid code
for wave energy devices and fast tracking of planning decisions through an amended approach to strategic infrastructure. (author)
442. On the absence of dissipative instability of negative energy waves in hydrodynamic shear flows (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od________18::3cf50cbf8377b135340b59b829f4a9dd)
()
Chatterjee, S; Joarder, P. S.
1997-01-01
Stability criterion for the surface gravity capillary waves in a flowing two-layered fluid system with viscous dissipation is investigated. It is seen
that the dissipative instability of negative energy waves is absent,- contrary to what earlier authors have concluded. Their error is identified to
arise from an erroneous choice of the dissipation law, in which the wave profile velocity is wrongly equated to the particle velocity. Our corrected
dissipation law is also shown to restore Galilean...
443. Kinematics and Dynamics of a Tensegrity-Based Water Wave Energy Harvester (http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2190231)
()
Min Lin
2016-01-01
Full Text Available A tensegrity-based water wave energy harvester is proposed. The direct and inverse kinematic problems are investigated by
using a geometric method. Afterwards, the singularities and workspaces are discussed. Then, the Lagrangian method was used to develop the
dynamic model considering the interaction between the harvester and water waves. The results indicate that the proposed harvester allows
harvesting 13.59% more energy than a conventional heaving system. Therefore, tensegrity systems can be viewed as one alternative solution to
conventional water wave energy harvesting systems.
444. An Open-Access COE Calculation tool for Wave Energy Converters (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2286726296)
()
Chozas, Julia Fernandez; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Jensen, N. E. Helstrup

2013-01-01
Aalborg University together with Energinet.dk, the Danish Transmission System Operator, have released a freely available online spreadsheet to
evaluate the Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE) for wave energy projects. The open-access tool calculates the LCOE based on the power
production of a Wave...... conceived as an open-access tool, available to device developers as well as academia. It can eventually help in the
development of wave energy by contributing to open talks with investors, stakeholders, politicians and the general public....
445. Optimization of Quantum Monte Carlo Wave Functions Using Analytical Energy Derivatives (http://cds.cern.ch/record/406445/files/9911005.pdf)
()
Lin, X; Rappe, A M; Lin, Xi; Zhang, Hongkai; Rappe, Andrew M.

1999-01-01
An algorithm is proposed to optimize quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) wave functions based on New ton's method and analytical computation of the
first and second derivatives of the variati onal energy. This direct application of the variational principle yields significantly low er energy than
variance minimization methods when applied to the same trial wave function. Quadratic convergence to the local minimum of the variational
parameters is achieved. A g eneral theorem is presented, which substantially simplifies the analytic expressions of de rivatives in the case of
wave function optimization. To demonstrate the method, the ground state energies of the first-row elements are calculated.
446. Reliability and Maintenance for Offshore Wind Turbines and Wave Energy Devices (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2282235549)
()
Srensen, John Dalsgaard

2015-01-01
Wind turbines are in some countries contributing significantly the production of electricity and wave energy devices have the potential to be
developed in a similarway. For both offshore wind turbines and wave energy devices reliability is a key issue since costs to operation and
maintenance may be...... turbines and wave energy devices with special focus on structural components. The reliability assessment needs
include the effects of the control system and possible faults due to failure of electrical/mechanical components and e.g. loss of grid connection.
The target reliability level for wind turbine and...
447. Energy transformations and dissipation of nonlinear internal waves over New Jersey's continental shelf (http://www.nonlin-processesgeophys.net/17/345/2010/npg-17-345-2010.pdf)
()
E. L. Shroyer
2010-08-01
Full Text Available The energetics of large amplitude, high-frequency nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs observed over the New Jersey continental
shelf are summarized from ship and mooring data acquired in August 2006. NLIW energy was typically on the order of 105 Jm1, and the wave
dissipative loss was near 50 W m1. However, wave energies (dissipations were ~10 (~2 times greater than these values during a particular
week-long period. In general, the leading waves in a packet grew in energy across the outer shelf, reached peak values near 40 km inshore of
the shelf break, and then lost energy to turbulent mixing. Wave growth was attributed to the bore-like nature of the internal tide, as wave groups
that exhibited larger long-term (lasting for a few hours displacements of the pycnocline offshore typically had greater energy inshore. For shipobserved NLIWs, the average dissipative loss over the region of decay scaled with the peak energy in waves; extending this scaling to mooring
data produces estimates of NLIW dissipative loss consistent with those made using the flux divergence of wave energy. The decay time scale of
the NLIWs was approximately 12 h corresponding to a length scale of 35 km (O(100 wavelengths. Imposed on these larger scale energetic
trends, were short, rapid exchanges associated with wave interactions and shoaling on a localized topographic rise. Both of these events resulted
in the onset of shear instabilities and large energy loss to turbulent mixing.
448. Evaluation of Environmental Effects of Wave Energy Convertor Arrays (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMGC52C..03J)

()
Jones, C. A.
2015-12-01
Stakeholders and regulators in the U.S. are generally uncertain as to the potential environmental impacts posed by deployments of marine and
hydrokinetic (MHK) devices, and in particular wave energy conversion (WEC) devices, in coastal waters. The first pilot-scale WEC deployments
in the U.S. have had to absorb unsustainable costs and delays associated with permitting to get devices in the water. As such, there is an urgent
industry need to streamline the technical activities and processes used to assess potential environmental impacts. To enable regulators and
stakeholders to become more comfortable and confident with developing effective MHK environmental assessments, a better understanding of
the potential environmental effects induced by arrays of WEC devices is needed. A key challenge in developing this understanding is that the
assessment of the WEC effects must come prior to deployment. A typical approach in similar environmental assessments is to use numerical
models to simulate the WEC devices and array layouts so that the appropriate environmental stressors and receptors can be identified and
assessed. Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and the U.S. Department of Energy are fulfilling the industry-wide need to develop "WEC-friendly"
open-source numerical modeling tools capable of assessing potential changes to the physical environment caused by the operation of WEC
arrays. Studies using these tools will advance the nation's general knowledge of the interrelationships among the number, size, efficiency, and
configuration of MHK arrays and the subsequent effects these relationships may have on the deployment environment. By better understanding
these relationships, industry, stakeholders, and regulators will be able to work together to optimize WEC deployments such that environmental
impacts are minimized while power output is maximized. The present work outlines the initial effort in coupling the SNL WEC-friendly tools with
the environmental assessment
449. Integral condition of the low energy pion wave function (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:17023854)
()
The condition which must be satisfied by the pion wave function is obtained from comparing the perturbative approach and QCD sum rule
method for form factor 0 at different virtualities of photons
450. On the nonlinear energy transfer in the unidirected adiabatic surface waves (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:45069762)
()
The results of numerical simulation of the adiabatic evolution of waves are presented. The model is based on the fully nonlinear 1D equations of
potential waves written in conformal coordinates. It is shown that a wave spectrum is subject to strong fluctuations. Most of such fluctuations are
reversible, however a residual effect of the fluctuations causes downshifting of the spectrum. The rate of downshifting depends on nonlinearity. -Highlights: An exact numerical model of 1D surface gravity waves was used for long-term simulations of wave field evolution for different
wave steepness. Unidirected wave field transformation occurs due to reversible and irreversible wave interactions. The last produces the
systematic energy shift towards low wave numbers (downshifting). The results support the BenjaminFeir instability theory and contradict
to Hasselmann's results. The Hasselmann's theory is unable to predict the development of the unidirected waves and consequently the
waves with a narrow angle spectrum.
451. Influences of short-wave truncations to spectral energy budget in hall MHD turbulence (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?
orig_q=RN:46022789)
()
The effect of a sharp short-wave truncation on Hall magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is studied numerically to obtain basic information for
constructing sub-grid-scale models of the Hall MHD equations. Hall MHD turbulence is found to be less sensitive to truncation than MHD
turbulence, because the Hall term suppresses energy transfer in the magnetic field at relatively low wave numbers. (author)
452. Effects of Mooring Systems on the Performance of a Wave Activated Body Energy Converter
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Zanuttigh, Barbara; Angelelli, Elisa; Kofoed, Jens Peter
Aim of this paper is to analyse the power and hydraulic performance of a floating Wave Energy Converter with the purpose at optimising its
design for installation in arrays. The paper presents new experiments carried out in 1:30 scale on a single device of the Wave Activated Body
type in the deep-water...
453. Geometrical Optimization for Improved Power Capture of Multi-Level Overtopping Based Wave Energy Converters
(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/55291240/Geometrical_Optimization_for_Improved_Power_Capture_of_Multilevel_Overtopping_Based_Wave_Energy_Converters)
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Margheritini, Lucia; Victor, L.; Kofoed, Jens Peter;

2009-01-01
In multi-level wave energy converters the water from incoming waves is stored in reservoirs one on top of the other. Prevision formula for the
overtopping flow rates in the individual reservoirs is fundamental for dimensioning correctly the turbines and optimizing the device. Having a
number of...
454. The Application of Mutual Energy Theorem in Expansion of Radiation Field in Spherical Waves (http://arxiv.org/pdf/1606.02131.pdf)
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Zhao, Shuang-Ren
2016-01-01
In recent years the shperical wave expansion method has been widely applied to the theory and calculation of electromagnetic fields. But the
inner product exist in reference[1] is defined on the Banach space[2]. Through redefining the inner product this article limits the wave expansion
method to Hibert space[3]. For this reason the mutual energy theorem is introduced.
455. Experimental Hydraulic Optimization of the Wave Energy Converter Seawave Slot-Cone Generator
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Kofoed, Jens Peter
This report presents the results of a experimental hydraulic optimization of the wave energy convert (WEC) Seawave Slot-Cone Generator
(SSG). SSG is a WEC utilizing wave overtopping in multiple reservoirs. In the present SSG setup three reservoirs has been used. Model tests
have been performed...
456. EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS-WAVE, PULSED, AND SINUSOIDAL-AMPLITUDE-MODULATED MICROWAVES ON BRAIN ENERGY

METABOLISM (http://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?
dirEntryId=45056&keyword=wave+AND+energy&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated
()
A comparison of the effects of continuous wave, sinusoidal-amplitude modulated, and pulsed square-wave-modulated 591-MHz microwave
exposures on brain energy metabolism was made in male Sprague Dawley rats (175-225g). Brain NADH fluorescence, adensine triphosphate
(ATP) concentrat...
457. On the Energy Evolution in Gaseous Detonation Waves (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

articleId=dedup_wf_001::a0c04e333a6c6b3d81e1ab7a0a33f024)
()
Borisov, A.; Mel'Nichuk, O.; Kasimov, A.; Khasainov, B.; Troshin, K.; Kosenkov, V.
1995-01-01
There is a definite inconsistency between the classical ZND theory of detonation and contemporary experimental observations and attempts to
model real detonation waves. Nevertheless, the classical onedimensional model of detonation is still extensively used in interpreting
measurements because of its simplicity and physical clarity. This naturally raises the questions, what does actually the classical model represent
and how one can relate the real multidimensional wave structure to an effect...
458. Energy extraction from ocean currents and waves: Mapping the most promising locations
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMOS51C1889O)
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Ordonez, A.; Hamlington, P.; Fox-Kemper, B.

2012-12-01
Concerns about fossil fuel supplies and an ever-increasing demand for energy have prompted the search for alternative power sources. One
option is the ocean, a power-dense and renewable source of energy, but its capacity to meet human energy demands is poorly understood.
Although raw wave energy resources have been investigated at many scales, there is still substantial uncertainty regarding how much useful
power can be extracted. Even less is known about the energy available in ocean currents, especially on a global scale. Moreover, no studies
have attempted to examine wave and current energy simultaneously while at the same time taking into account geographical, environmental, and
technical factors that can substantially limit the amount of extractable energy. In this study, we use high fidelity oceanographic model data to
assess the availability, recoverability, and value of energy in ocean wind waves and currents. Global wave energy transport, coastal wave energy
flux, and current energy are calculated and mapped using the model data. These maps are then incorporated into a geographic information
system (GIS) in order to assess the U.S. recoverable ocean energy resource. In the GIS, the amount of recoverable energy is estimated by
combining the power output from realistic wave and current energy farms with physical and ecological data such as bathymetry and
environmentally protected areas. This holistic approach is then used to examine the distribution and value of extractable wave and current energy
along the U.S. coast. The results support previous studies that show that the U.S. West Coast has large potential for wave energy extraction and
that the Florida Strait has high potential for current energy extraction. We also show that, at any particular location, the amount of available ocean
energy is only one factor of many that determines the ultimate feasibility and value of the energy. We outline ways in which the GIS framework
used in this assessment can be
459. Grid integration of wave energy & generic modelling of ocean devices for power system studies (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od______1535::109d826b51d583fccab88a71f8e7723d)
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Blavette, Anne
2013-01-01
The work presented in this thesis covers four major topics of research related to the grid integration of wave energy. More specifically, the grid
impact of a wave farm on the power quality of its local network is investigated. Two estimation methods were developed regarding the flicker level
Pst generated by a wave farm in relation to its rated power as well as in relation to the impedance angle k of the node in the grid to which it is
connected. The electrical design of a typical wave farm...
460. A methodology for production and cost assessment of a farm of wave energy converters (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od_______232::b47f19620f9d8b115395eeb6b9082eaa)
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Beels, C.; P. Troch; Kofoed, J.P.; Frigaard, P.; Kringelum, J.V.; Kromann, P.C.; Donovan, M.H.; De Rouck, J; de Backer, G
2011-01-01
To generate a substantial amount of power, Wave Energy Converters (WECs) are arranged in several rows or in a 'farm'. Both the power
production and cost of a farm are lay-out dependent.In this paper, the wave power redistribution in and around three farm lay-outs in a near shore
North Sea wave climate, is assessed numerically using a time-dependent mild-slope equation model. The modelling of the wave power
redistribution is an efficient tool to assess the power production of a farm. Further, ...
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461. High-energy terahertz wave parametric oscillator with a surface-emitted ring-cavity configuration.
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Yang, Zhen; Wang, Yuye; Xu, Degang; Xu, Wentao; Duan, Pan; Yan, Chao; Tang, Longhuang; Yao, Jianquan
2016-05-15
A surface-emitted ring-cavity terahertz (THz) wave parametric oscillator has been demonstrated for high-energy THz output and fast frequency
tuning in a wide frequency range. Through the special optical design with a galvano-optical scanner and four-mirror ring-cavity structure, the
maximum THz wave output energy of 12.9 J/pulse is achieved at 1.359 THz under the pump energy of 172.8 mJ. The fast THz frequency
tuning in the range of 0.7-2.8 THz can be accessed with the step response of 600 s. Moreover, the maximum THz wave output energy from
this configuration is 3.29 times as large as that obtained from the conventional surface-emitted THz wave parametric oscillator with the same
experimental conditions. PMID:27176978
462. Generalised energy conservation law for the wave equations with variable propagation speed (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od________18::52763c6f10e2fd941756855a88becfd8)
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Hirosawa, Fumihiko; Wirth, Jens

2008-01-01
We investigate the long time behaviour of the $L^2$-energy of solutions to wave equations with variable speed. The novelty of the approach is
the combination of estimates for higher order derivatives of the coefficient with a stabilisation property.
463. First Power Production Figures from the Wave Star Roshage Wave Energy Converter
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Marquis, L.; Kramer, Morten; Frigaard, Peter

2010-01-01
. The first power production figures show that the power absorption is taking place in accordance with the expectations and targets. No
unexpected performance has been noticed. The Roshage WEC is an ideal test converter for the further development of the Wave Star concept,
and several activities are...
464. Analysis of Wave Reflection from Wave Energy Converters Installed as Breakwaters in Harbour
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Zanuttigh, B.; Margheritini, Lucia; Gambles, L.; Martinelli, L.
loads on the structure, i.e. better survivability. Nevertheless these devices must comply with the requirements of harbour protection structures
and thus cope with problems due to reflection of incoming waves, i.e. dangerous sea states close to harbors entrances and intensified sediment
scour, which can...
465. Analysis of the Oceanic Wave Dynamics for Generation of Electrical Energy Using a Linear Generator (http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3437027)
()
Omar Farrok
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Electricity generation from oceanic wave depends on the wave dynamics and the behavior of the ocean. In this paper, a
permanent magnet linear generator (PMLG has been designed and analyzed for oceanic wave energy conversion. The proposed PMLG design
is suitable for the point absorber type wave energy device. A mathematical model of ocean wave is presented to observe the output
characteristics and performance of the PMLG with the variation of ocean waves. The generated voltage, current, power, applied force, magnetic
flux linkage, and force components of the proposed PMLG have been presented for different sea wave conditions. The commercially available
software package ANSYS/ANSOFT has been used to simulate the proposed PMLG by the finite element method. The magnetic flux lines, flux
density, and field intensity of the proposed PMLG that greatly varies with time are presented for transient analysis. The simulation result shows
the excellent features of the PMLG for constant and variable speeds related to wave conditions. These analyses help to select proper PMLG
parameters for better utilization of sea wave to maximize output power.
466. Coupled Wave Energy and Erosion Dynamics along a Salt Marsh Boundary, Hog Island Bay, Virginia, USA (http://www.mdpi.com/20771312/3/3/1041)
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Anthony M. Priestas
2015-09-01
Full Text Available The relationship between lateral erosion of salt marshes and wind waves is studied in Hog Island Bay, Virginia USA, with
high-resolution field measurements and aerial photographs. Marsh retreat is compared to wave climate calculated in the bay using the spectral
wave-model Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN. We confirm the existence of a linear relationship between long-term salt marsh erosion and
wave energy, and show that wave power can serve as a good proxy for average salt-marsh erosion rates. At each site, erosion rates are
consistent across several temporal scales, ranging from months to decades, and are strongly related to wave power. On the contrary, erosion
rates vary in space and weakly depend on the spatial distribution of wave energy. We ascribe this variability to spatial variations in geotechnical,
biological, and morphological marsh attributes. Our detailed field measurements indicate that at a small spatial scale (tens of meters, a positive
feedback between salt marsh geometry and wave action causes erosion rates to increase with boundary sinuosity. However, at the scale of the
entire marsh boundary (hundreds of meters, this relationship is reversed: those sites that are more rapidly eroding have a marsh boundary which
is significantly smoother than the marsh boundary of sheltered and slowly eroding marshes.
467. Transmission of wave energy in curved ducts. [acoustic propagation within rigid walls (http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
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Rostafinski, W.
1974-01-01
Investigation of the ability of circular bends to transmit acoustic energy flux. A formulation of wave-energy flow is developed for motion in curved
ducts. A parametric study over a range of frequencies shows the ability of circular bends to transmit energy in the case of perfectly rigid walls.
468. Numerical model validation for mooring systems: Method and application for wave energy converters
(https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=od_________7::65c9c0dbb50223950a75c4bef61dca90)
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Harnois, V.; Sam D. Weller; Johanning, L.; Thies, P. R.; LE BOULLUEC, Marc; Le Roux, Dominique; Soule, Veronique; Ohana, Jeremy
2015-01-01
The design of wave energy mooring systems is challenging: overdesign incurs a significant cost penalty, underdesign may lead to a premature
failure and incorrect design could reduce the power production. Consequently, compliant mooring systems are being developed for wave energy
applications. This paper presents tank test results for a scale model of the buoy and mooring used at the SouthWest Mooring Test Facility
(SWMTF), an offshore facility developed to conduct long-term sea trials for ...
469. Energy-Momentum Pseudo-Tensor of Relic Gravitational Wave of Both the Polarized States (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?
dbname=zw_qk&wid=0120100222227139)
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ZHANG Xian-Hong; LI Fang-Yu

2006-01-01
Unlike usual celestial gravitational waves, the relic gravitational waves (RGWs) form random signals in curved spacetime background. We
calculate the energy-momentum pseudo-tensor of a certain component of the RGWs propagating along arbitrary directions in Cartesian
coordinates. It is found that the energy density of RGWs is positive definitely, and the momentum density components have reasonable
behaviour. Such results may provide a theoretical basis for the detection of RGWs.
470. Effect of a nonlinear power take off on a wave energy converter (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od_______463::839ac0aec4e7aa51da0c7e506861ffc1)
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Bailey, Helen Louise

2011-01-01
This thesis is titled The influence of a nonlinear Power Take Off on a Wave Energy Converter. It looks at the effect that having a nonlinear Power
Take Off (PTO) has on an inertial referenced, slack moored, point absorber, Wave Energy Converter (WEC). The generic device studied utilizes
relative heave motion between an axi-symmetric cylinder and an internal mass, for the PTO to operate between. The PTO is the part of the WEC
that transforms the relative motion into electricity....
471. A Review of Non-Linear Approaches for Wave Energy Converter Modelling (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?
articleId=od_______223::574ea69914914890496b2b56c0763d4a)
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Penalba Retes, Markel; Giorgi, Giuseppe; Ringwood, John

2015-01-01
The wave energy industry has grown considerably over the past two decades, developing many different technologies, but still has not achieved
economic viability. Economic performance can be significantly assisted through the optimisation of the device intelligence, implemented as a
control algorithm, including precise hydrodynamic models able to reproduce accurately real device motions. Wave energy converters (WECs) are
designed to maximize power absorption with large mot...
472. PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT of a SEMI-SUBMERSIBLE FLOATING WIND TURBINE COMBINED with PITCHING WAVE ENERGY
CONVERTERS (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=dedup_wf_001::2d3327340c7bd4e17663ad47d7bf9a0b)
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Soulard, Thomas; Babarit, Aurlien; Borgarino, Bruno

2013-01-01
This paper synthesizes the technical feasibility study carried out for a hybrid ocean energy converter. The solution envisaged involves a 100m
large semi-submersible platform designed with five columns and equipped with floating pitching Wave Energy Converters (WECs). This floating
structure is mounted with a 5MW wind turbine. The present study covers power performance estimations and structural analysis. The first section
describes the Wave to Wire model programmed in both frequency and ti...
473. Energy decay of a variable-coefficient wave equation with nonlinear time-dependent localized damping
(http://ejde.math.txstate.edu/Volumes/2015/226/abstr.html)
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Jieqiong Wu
2015-09-01
Full Text Available We study the energy decay for the Cauchy problem of the wave equation with nonlinear time-dependent and spacedependent damping. The damping is localized in a bounded domain and near infinity, and the principal part of the wave equation has a variablecoefficient. We apply the multiplier method for variable-coefficient equations, and obtain an energy decay that depends on the property of the
coefficient of the damping term.
474. A framework for assessing the uncertainty in wave energy delivery to targeted subsurface formations
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Karve, Pranav M.
2016-02-01
2015 Elsevier B.V. Stress wave stimulation of geological formations has potential applications in petroleum engineering, hydro-geology, and
environmental engineering. The stimulation can be applied using wave sources whose spatio-temporal characteristics are designed to focus the
emitted wave energy into the target region. Typically, the design process involves numerical simulations of the underlying wave physics, and
assumes a perfect knowledge of the material properties and the overall geometry of the geostructure. In practice, however, precise knowledge of
the properties of the geological formations is elusive, and quantification of the reliability of a deterministic approach is crucial for evaluating the
technical and economical feasibility of the design. In this article, we discuss a methodology that could be used to quantify the uncertainty in the
wave energy delivery. We formulate the wave propagation problem for a two-dimensional, layered, isotropic, elastic solid truncated using hybrid
perfectly-matched-layers (PMLs), and containing a target elastic or poroelastic inclusion. We define a wave motion metric to quantify the amount
of the delivered wave energy. We, then, treat the material properties of the layers as random variables, and perform a first-order uncertainty
analysis of the formation to compute the probabilities of failure to achieve threshold values of the motion metric. We illustrate the uncertainty
quantification procedure using synthetic data.
475. A framework for assessing the uncertainty in wave energy delivery to targeted subsurface formations
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JAG...125...26K)
()
Karve, Pranav M.; Kallivokas, Loukas F.; Manuel, Lance

2016-02-01
Stress wave stimulation of geological formations has potential applications in petroleum engineering, hydro-geology, and environmental
engineering. The stimulation can be applied using wave sources whose spatio-temporal characteristics are designed to focus the emitted wave
energy into the target region. Typically, the design process involves numerical simulations of the underlying wave physics, and assumes a perfect
knowledge of the material properties and the overall geometry of the geostructure. In practice, however, precise knowledge of the properties of
the geological formations is elusive, and quantification of the reliability of a deterministic approach is crucial for evaluating the technical and
economical feasibility of the design. In this article, we discuss a methodology that could be used to quantify the uncertainty in the wave energy
delivery. We formulate the wave propagation problem for a two-dimensional, layered, isotropic, elastic solid truncated using hybrid perfectlymatched-layers (PMLs), and containing a target elastic or poroelastic inclusion. We define a wave motion metric to quantify the amount of the
delivered wave energy. We, then, treat the material properties of the layers as random variables, and perform a first-order uncertainty analysis of
the formation to compute the probabilities of failure to achieve threshold values of the motion metric. We illustrate the uncertainty quantification
procedure using synthetic data.
476. Dynamics of a mechanical frequency up-converted device for wave energy harvesting (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?
bibcode=2016JSV...367..170L&link_type=ABSTRACT)
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Lin, Zheng; Zhang, Yongliang

2016-04-01
This paper proposes a novel mechanical impact-driven frequency up-converted device for wave energy harvesting, which could bridge a gap
between waves of frequency 0.03-1 Hz and electrical generators of operation frequency hundreds hertz. The device mainly consists of a
cylindrical buoy, beams and teeth. A mathematical model for the dynamics of such a device is presented, which incorporates the fluid-structure
interaction between the wave and the buoy, and the structural interactions between the beams and the teeth. The momentum balance method
and the coefficient of restitution are employed, which give rise to piecewise nonlinear equations governing the motions of the buoy and the
beams. Experimental tests carried out in a wave flume validate the model and prove the effectiveness of frequency up-converted method in wave
energy harvesting. The characteristics of frequency up-converted transformation from buoy motion to beams oscillation for wave energy
harvesting are probed, and the effects of beam Young's modulus, beam number, wave period and wave height on strain power of the beams are
explored.
477. An empirical study on a learning path on wave physics focused on energy (http://arxiv.org/pdf/1212.2174.pdf)
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Montalbano, Vera
2012-01-01
We describe an extracurricular learning path on waves focused on energy transfer. The advantages of introducing mechanical waves by using
the Shive wave machine and laboratory activities are presented. Laboratories are realized by inquiry, i.e. students explore waves behavior in
qualitative way, guess what can happen and suddenly test their hypothesis. Recently, we presented some disciplinary knots that arise usually in
empirical investigation, according to the Model of Educational Reconstruction and discussed methodological choices made in designing the
learning path and preliminary result about its realization with few, interested and talented pupils. We report the second year of this learning path
performed with the same students that are introduced to more complex topics such as analogy in wave phenomena and resonance. Laboratories
are described with particular attention for the energy transformation. We designed the activities in order to propose a complementary experience
compared to what was done in cl...
478. Energy Momentum Pseudo-Tensor of Relic Gravitational Wave in Expanding Universe (http://arxiv.org/pdf/1204.0089.pdf)
()
Su, Daiqin
2012-01-01
We study the energy-momentum pseudo-tensor of gravitational wave, and examine the one introduced by Landau-Lifshitz for a general
gravitational field and the effective one recently used in literature. In short wavelength limit after Brill-Hartle average, both lead to the same gauge
invariant stress tensor of gravitational wave. For relic gravitational waves in the expanding universe, we examine two forms of pressure, $p_{gw}
$ and $\\mathcal{P}_{gw}$, and trace the origin of their difference to a coupling between gravitational waves and the background matter. The
difference is shown to be negligibly small for most of cosmic expansion stages starting from inflation. We demonstrate that the wave equation is
equivalent to the energy conservation equation using the pressure $\\mathcal{P}_{gw}$ that includes the mentioned coupling.
479. Balancing Power Absorption and Fatigue Loads in Irregular Waves for an Oscillating Surge Wave Energy Converter: Preprint
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Tom, Nathan M.; Yu, Yi-Hsiang; Wright, Alan D.; Lawson, Michael
2016-06-01
The aim of this paper is to describe how to control the power-to-load ratio of a novel wave energy converter (WEC) in irregular waves. The novel
WEC that is being developed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory combines an oscillating surge wave energy converter (OSWEC) with
control surfaces as part of the structure; however, this work only considers one fixed geometric configuration. This work extends the optimal
control problem so as to not solely maximize the time-averaged power, but to also consider the power-take-off (PTO) torque and foundation
forces that arise because of WEC motion. The objective function of the controller will include competing terms that force the controller to balance
power capture with structural loading. Separate penalty weights were placed on the surge-foundation force and PTO torque magnitude, which
allows the controller to be tuned to emphasize either power absorption or load shedding. Results of this study found that, with proper selection of
penalty weights, gains in time-averaged power would exceed the gains in structural loading while minimizing the reactive power requirement.
480. Importance of electron cyclotron wave energy transport in ITER (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:36090385)

()
Using the CYTRAN routine to cover non-local effects in electron cyclotron (EC) wave emission along with the ASTRA code, the importance of EC
wave emission in the local electron power balance is analyzed for various ITER operation regimes, and, for comparison, for FIRE, IGNITOR and
the reactor-grade ITER-EDA. As a result, EC wave emission is a significant contributor to core electron cooling if the core electron temperature is
about 35 keV or higher as expected for ITER and tokamak reactor steady-state operation, and, in fact, becomes the dominant core electron
cooling mechanism already at temperatures exceeding 40 keV, such affecting the core plasma power balance in an important way. (author)
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481. An Optimal Control Method for Maximizing the Efficiency of Direct Drive Ocean Wave Energy Extraction System
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/480916)
()
Zhongxian Chen
2014-01-01
Full Text Available The goal of direct drive ocean wave energy extraction system is to convert ocean wave energy into electricity. The problem
explored in this paper is the design and optimal control for the direct drive ocean wave energy extraction system. An optimal control method
based on internal model proportion integration differentiation (IM-PID is proposed in this paper though most of ocean wave energy extraction
systems are optimized by the structure, weight, and material. With this control method, the heavy speed of outer heavy buoy of the energy
extraction system is in resonance with incident wave, and the system efficiency is largely improved. Validity of the proposed optimal control
method is verified in both regular and irregular ocean waves, and it is shown that IM-PID control method is optimal in that it maximizes the energy
conversion efficiency. In addition, the anti-interference ability of IM-PID control method has been assessed, and the results show that the IM-PID
control method has good robustness, high precision, and strong anti-interference ability.
482. Energy transformations and dissipation of nonlinear internal waves over New Jersey's continental shelf
(https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doajarticles::68cc265604b740e687dde98eb7d4b50a)
()
E. L. Shroyer; J. N. Moum; J. D. Nash

2010-01-01
The energetics of large amplitude, high-frequency nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) observed over the New Jersey continental shelf are
summarized from ship and mooring data acquired in August 2006. NLIW energy was typically on the order of 105 Jm1, and the wave dissipative
loss was near 50 W m1. However, wave energies (dissipations) were ~10 (~2) times greater than these values during a particular week-long
period. In gener...
483. Determining required valve performance for discrete control of PTO cylinders for wave energy
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Hansen, Rico Hjerm; Andersen, Torben Ole; Pedersen, Henrik C.
Within wave energy a large challenge remains in designing a Power Take-Off (PTO) system capable of converting the slow oscillations induced
by waves into electricity. Fluid power is an essential part of most PTO-concepts. To implement an efficient control of the load force produced by a
cylinder on...... a floating body, throttle-less force control by discrete variation of the effective cylinder area has been investigated and found
feasible for the Wavestar wave energy concept. However, the feasibility study assumes adequate valve performance, such that only the
compression loss remains. This paper...
484. Mapping and Assessment of the United States Ocean Wave Energy Resource (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/1060943/)
()
Jacobson, Paul T; Hagerman, George; Scott, George

2011-12-01
This project estimates the naturally available and technically recoverable U.S. wave energy resources, using a 51-month Wavewatch III hindcast
database developed especially for this study by National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) National Centers for
Environmental Prediction. For total resource estimation, wave power density in terms of kilowatts per meter is aggregated across a unit diameter
circle. This approach is fully consistent with accepted global practice and includes the resource made available by the lateral transfer of wave
energy along wave crests, which enables wave diffraction to substantially reestablish wave power densities within a few kilometers of a linear
array, even for fixed terminator devices. The total available wave energy resource along the U.S. continental shelf edge, based on accumulating
unit circle wave power densities, is estimated to be 2,640 TWh/yr, broken down as follows: 590 TWh/yr for the West Coast, 240 TWh/yr for the
East Coast, 80 TWh/yr for the Gulf of Mexico, 1570 TWh/yr for Alaska, 130 TWh/yr for Hawaii, and 30 TWh/yr for Puerto Rico. The total
recoverable wave energy resource, as constrained by an array capacity packing density of 15 megawatts per kilometer of coastline, with a 100fold operating range between threshold and maximum operating conditions in terms of input wave power density available to such arrays, yields
a total recoverable resource along the U.S. continental shelf edge of 1,170 TWh/yr, broken down as follows: 250 TWh/yr for the West Coast, 160
TWh/yr for the East Coast, 60 TWh/yr for the Gulf of Mexico, 620 TWh/yr for Alaska, 80 TWh/yr for Hawaii, and 20 TWh/yr for Puerto Rico.
485. Acoustic Energy Harvesting Using Piezoelectric Generator for Low Frequency Sound Waves Energy Conversion
(http://www.enggjournals.com/ijet/docs/IJET13-05-06-118.pdf)
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Haris Fazilah Hassan

2014-01-01
Full Text Available The applications of electronic devices with low power consumption, such as wireless sensor network and electronic
communication devices, are rapidly increasing. Thus, utilizing environmental energy as an alternative to electrochemical battery, which has a
finite lifespan, can be a great advantage to these electronic devices. Harvesting environmental energy, such as solar, thermal, wind flow, water
current, and raindrops, has attracted increasing research interest in the field of energy harvesting. In this paper, harvesting sound energy in the
form of pressure waves is investigated as an alternative to existing energy harvesting methods. In the experimental work, a piezoelectric
generator lead zirconate titanate (PZT-5A cantilever type is used to extract sound energy from the loudspeaker from various distances and then
to convert this energy into electrical energy. A direct piezoelectric effect operating in 31 coupling mode is used. The maximum voltage generated
by the piezoelectric generator occurs when its resonant frequency is operating near the frequency of sound. An analytical method with an
appropriate equation is used to determine the resonant frequency and is then validated using the experimental result. The result shows that the
maximum output voltage of 26.7 mVrms was obtained with the sound intensity of 78.6 dB at resonant frequency of 62 Hz at 1 cm distance in the
first mode. In the second mode, the maximum output voltage of 91 mVrms was obtained with the sound intensity of 102.6 dB at resonant
frequency of 374 Hz at 1 cm distance which is larger than that of the first mode. However, for both modes, voltage decreases as distance
increases.
486. Optimal Control Of Nonlinear Wave Energy Point Converters (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/244183553)

()
Nielsen, Sren R.K.; Zhou, Qiang; Kramer, Morten; Basu, Biswajit; Zhang, Zili
In this paper the optimal control law for a single nonlinear point absorber in irregular sea-states is derived, and proven to be a closed-loop
controller with feedback from measured displacement, velocity and acceleration of the floater. However, a non-causal integral control component
dependent on...... idea behind the control strategy is to enforce the stationary velocity response of the absorber into phase with the wave
excitation force at any time. The controller is optimal under monochromatic wave excitation. It is demonstrated that the devised causal controller,
in plane irregular sea states......, absorbs almost the same power as the optimal controller....
487. Ulysses observations of magnetic waves due to newborn interstellar pickup ions. II. Application of turbulence concepts to limiting wave energy
and observability (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:46061951)
()
The low-frequency magnetic waves that arise from the isotropization of newborn interstellar pickup ions (PUIs) are reasonably well described by
linear and quasi-linear kinetic theory in so far as those theories predict the wave frequency and polarization in the spacecraft frame. Those
theories fail to describe the scarce observability of the waves. Quasilinear theory predicts that the wave power should accumulate over long
periods of time as the relatively weak kinetic instability slowly adds power to the observed spectrum. At the same time it has been argued that the
same wave energy must serve as a secondary source of thermal ion heating in the outer heliosphere once the initial turbulence is depleted. To
the extent that turbulent transport of the wave energy acts against the spectrally confined accumulation of wave energy, turbulence should be a
limiting factor in observability. We argue that turbulence does limit the observability of the waves and we use turbulence theory to predict the
observed wave energy. We compare this prediction against a database of 502 wave observations attributed to newborn interstellar PUIs
observed by the Ulysses spacecraft.
488. Ulysses observations of magnetic waves due to newborn interstellar pickup ions. II. Application of turbulence concepts to limiting wave energy
and observability (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?query_id=1&page=0&osti_id=22356777)
()
Cannon, Bradford E. [Physics Department, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 (United States); Smith, Charles W.; Isenberg, Philip
A.; Vasquez, Bernard J.; Joyce, Colin J. [Physics Department and Space Science Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space,
University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 (United States); Murphy, Neil [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Mail Stop 180-600, 4800 Oak Grove
Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109 (United States); Nuno, Raquel G., E-mail: bc13h@my.fsu.edu, E-mail: Charles.Smith@unh.edu, E-mail:
Phil.Isenberg@unh.edu, E-mail: Bernie.Vasquez@unh.edu, E-mail: cjl46@wildcats.unh.edu, E-mail: Neil.Murphy@jpl.nasa.gov, E-mail:
raquel.nuno@asu.edu [School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 (United States)
2014-06-01
The low-frequency magnetic waves that arise from the isotropization of newborn interstellar pickup ions (PUIs) are reasonably well described by
linear and quasi-linear kinetic theory in so far as those theories predict the wave frequency and polarization in the spacecraft frame. Those
theories fail to describe the scarce observability of the waves. Quasilinear theory predicts that the wave power should accumulate over long
periods of time as the relatively weak kinetic instability slowly adds power to the observed spectrum. At the same time it has been argued that the
same wave energy must serve as a secondary source of thermal ion heating in the outer heliosphere once the initial turbulence is depleted. To
the extent that turbulent transport of the wave energy acts against the spectrally confined accumulation of wave energy, turbulence should be a
limiting factor in observability. We argue that turbulence does limit the observability of the waves and we use turbulence theory to predict the
observed wave energy. We compare this prediction against a database of 502 wave observations attributed to newborn interstellar PUIs
observed by the Ulysses spacecraft.
489. Aerodynamic performance of contra-rotating Wells turbine for wave energy conversion (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?
()
Raghunathan, S.; Beattie, W.C. [Queen`s Univ., Belfast (United Kingdom)

1995-12-31
The wave energy devices currently being built in United Kingdom and elsewhere have adopted the Wells air turbine for converting pneumatic
energy in the device to mechanical energy of rotation. A monoplane (single plane) Wells turbine can absorb only a certain maximum pneumatic
pressure amplitude due to tip speed limitations. For wave energy devices which produce large pneumatic pressure amplitudes a biplane Wells
turbine with or without guide vanes can be used. An alternative to a biplane is a contra-rotating rotor. The aerodynamic performance and control
of such a rotor are discussed.
490. Finite element modeling of acoustic wave propagation and energy deposition in bone during extracorporeal shock wave treatment
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JAP...113x4901W)
()
Wang, Xiaofeng; Matula, Thomas J.; Ma, Yong; Liu, Zheng; Tu, Juan; Guo, Xiasheng; Zhang, Dong
2013-06-01
It is well known that extracorporeal shock wave treatment is capable of providing a non-surgical and relatively pain free alternative treatment
modality for patients suffering from musculoskeletal disorders but do not respond well to conservative treatments. The major objective of current
work is to investigate how the shock wave (SW) field would change if a bony structure exists in the path of the acoustic wave. Here, a model of
finite element method (FEM) was developed based on linear elasticity and acoustic propagation equations to examine SW propagation and
deflection near a mimic musculoskeletal bone. High-speed photography experiments were performed to record cavitation bubbles generated in
SW field with the presence of mimic bone. By comparing experimental and simulated results, the effectiveness of FEM model could be verified
and strain energy distributions in the bone were also predicted according to numerical simulations. The results show that (1) the SW field will be
deflected with the presence of bony structure and varying deflection angles can be observed as the bone shifted up in the z-direction relative to
SW geometric focus (F2 focus); (2) SW deflection angels predicted by the FEM model agree well with experimental results obtained from highspeed photographs; and (3) temporal evolutions of strain energy distribution in the bone can also be evaluated based on FEM model, with varied
vertical distance between F2 focus and intended target point on the bone surface. The present studies indicate that, by combining MRI/CT scans
and FEM modeling work, it is possible to better understand SW propagation characteristics and energy deposition in musculoskeletal structure
during extracorporeal shock wave treatment, which is important for standardizing the treatment dosage, optimizing treatment protocols, and even
providing patient-specific treatment guidance in clinic.
491. Design and Control of Full Scale Wave Energy Simulator System (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186038646)
()
Pedersen, Henrik C.; Hansen, Anders Hedegaard; Hansen, Rico Hjerm;

2012-01-01
-float interaction, the inertia of the float and the added inertia of the water. Based on this simulation results are presented, which show that the
system is able to emulate waves more than three meters in height and with a resulting force of more than 800 kN, while interacting with a general
PTO-system....
492. 3D Tests on Overtopping for SSG Wave Energy Converter

(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/11634504/3D_tests_on_overtopping_for_SSG_wave_energyconverter)
()
Margheritini, Lucia; Kofoed, Jens Peter
This report presents the results of the first study based on laboratory tests of the behaviour of the SSG pilot module in 3D wave conditions. This
study was recommended already during Phase 2 of the Co-operation agreement between WEVEnergy AS (Norway) and Aalborg University,
Department of Civil...
493. Interplay of Waves and Eddies and Energy Exchange in Rotating Stratified Geophysical Flows
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMNG41A1787P)
()
Pouquet, A.; Marino, R.; Rosenberg, D. L.; Herbert, C.

2015-12-01
We investigate the distribution of energy between wave and vortical modes as a function of scale in high resolution direct numerical simulations
of rotating stratified Boussinesq flows with a unit aspect ratio, varying the dimensionless parameters in regimes in which wave turbulence
prevails. The shift in scale from a vortex-dominated to a wave-dominated dynamics, characterized each by their Fourier spectra, is quantified by
the wavenumber KR at which they cross. We examine the dependency of KR with parameters characteristics of the intrinsic dynamics of the flow
such as Reynolds, Froude and Rossby numbers, and their combinations. Features of the energy exchange between potential and kinetic energy
related to the interplay of wave modes and vortical modes are also explored and results recast in the context of geophysical flows.
494. Model Testing of the Wave Energy Converter Seawave Slot-Cone Generator
(http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/523265/Model_testing_of_the_wave_energy_converter_Seawave_Slot-Cone_Generator)
()
Kofoed, Jens Peter
This report presents the results of a preliminary experimental study of the wave energy convert (WEC) Seawave Slot-Cone Generator (SSG).
SSG is a WEC utilizing wave overtopping in multiple reservoirs. In the present SSG setup three reservoirs has been used. Model tests have been
performed using a...... corresponding to typical conditions off shore from the intended installation site. The overtopping rates for the individual
reservoirs have been measured and the potential energy in the overtopping water has been calculated.......This report presents the results of a
preliminary experimental study of the wave energy convert (WEC) Seawave Slot-Cone Generator (SSG). SSG is a WEC utilizing wave
overtopping in multiple reservoirs. In the present SSG setup three reservoirs has been used. Model tests have been performed using a...
495. On the wave energy potential along the southern coast of Brazil (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/22188329/)
()
Assis, Leandro Eduardo; Beluco, Alexandre; de Almeida, Luiz Emilio B. [Inst. Pesquisas Hidraulicas, Univ. Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre
(Brazil)
2013-07-01
The ocean wave energy resource is a real alternative to supply part of the energy demand in various countries, since some locations have a
remarkable capacity to generate electricity. The objective of this study is to evaluate the energy resource of ocean waves in the coast of Rio
Grande do Sul, the southern state of Brazil. This note presents the first results. The wave data used were collected in the sea area near the Port
of Rio Grande during the years 1996 to 1999, amounting to sixteen months of monitoring. The data set was treated and grouped resulting
information monthly, seasonal and annual basis. The annual average was found to be 8.6 kW per meter of wave front, reaching 14.0 kW per
meter for the month of May and 4.0 kW per meter for the month of January. The results indicate good perspectives in obtaining power supplies.
496. Energy storage and dispersion of surface acoustic waves trapped in a periodic array of mechanical resonators
(http://orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/4853064/duhring.pdf)
()
Dhring, Maria Bayard; Laude, Vincent; Khelif, Abdelkrim

2009-01-01
resonators storing mechanical energy. These resonators are evanescently coupled by the surface. The dispersion diagram is presented and
shows very low group velocities as the wave vector approaches the limit of the first Brillouin zone. 2009 American Institute of Physics......It has
been shown previously that surface acoustic waves can be efficiently trapped and slowed by steep ridges on a piezoelectric substrate, giving rise
to two families of shear-horizontal and vertically polarized surface waves. The mechanisms of energy storage and dispersion are explored by
using...... the finite element method to model surface acoustic waves generated by high aspect ratio electrodes. A periodic model is proposed
including a perfectly matched layer to simulate radiation conditions away from the sources, from which the modal distributions are found. The
ratio of the mechanical energy...
497. Potential to kinetic energy conversion in wave number domain for the Southern Hemisphere (http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
()
Huang, H.-J.; Vincent, D. G.

1984-01-01
Preliminary results of a wave number study conducted for the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) using FGGE data for the period January
10-27, 1979 are reported. In particular, three variables (geomagnetic height, z, vertical p-velocity, omega, and temperature, T) and one energy
conversion quantity, omega-alpha (where alpha is the specific volume), are shown. It is demonstrated that wave number 4 plays an important
role in the conversion from available potential energy to kinetic energy in the Southern Hemisphere tropics, particularly in the vicinity of the
SPCZ. It is therefore suggested that the development and movement of wave number 4 waves be carefully monitored in making forecasts for the
South Pacific region.
498. Shock Formation and Energy Dissipation of Slow Magnetosonic Waves in Coronal Plumes (http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
R=20040005906&hterms=slow+formation&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DTitle%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dslow%2Bformation)
()
Cuntz, M.; Suess, S. T.

2003-01-01
We study the shock formation and energy dissipation of slow magnetosonic waves in coronal plumes. The wave parameters and the spreading
function of the plumes as well as the base magnetic field strength are given by empirical constraints mostly from SOHO/UVCS. Our models show
that shock formation occurs at low coronal heights, i.e., within 1.3 bun, depending on the model parameters. In addition, following analytical
estimates, we show that scale height of energy dissipation by the shocks ranges between 0.15 and 0.45 Rsun. This implies that shock heating by
slow magnetosonic waves is relevant at most heights, even though this type of waves is apparently not a solely operating energy supply
mechanism.
499. The Black Sea Wave Energy: The Present State and the Twentieth century Changes (http://arxiv.org/pdf/1507.01187.pdf)
()
Galabov, Vasko
2015-01-01
In this paper we present a study of the present state of the Black Sea wave energy. The studies of other authors are based on the use of input
data from atmospheric reanalysis or a downscaling of such reanalysis. Instead of reanalysis data, we use input data from the operational limited
area numerical weather prediction model ALADIN. We showed that the estimations of the Black Sea wave energy based on reanalyses deviate
significantly from the real potential. We showed also that the highest values of the mean annual wave power flux is between 4.5 and 5.0 kW/m2
and the near shore areas with the highest wave energy potential are the southernmost Bulgarian coast and the coast of Turkey north of Istanbul.
While we showed that the wind data from the reanalysis are not useful for the estimation of the actual wave energy potential, we claimed that the
reanalysis data is useful to study the long term changes of the wave energy of the Black Sea. We used the 10m winds from the recent ERA-20C
reanalysis, which covers the...
500. Wave energy flow conservation for propagation in inhomogeneous Vlasov-Maxwell equilibria (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?
orig_q=RN:19074363)
()
Wave energy flow conservation is demonstrated for Hermitian differential operators that arise in the Vlasov-Maxwell theory for propagation
perpendicular to a magnetic field. The energy flow can be related to the bilinear concomitant, for a solution and its complex conjugate, by using
the Lagrange identity of the operator. This bilinear form obeys a conservation law and is shown to describe the usual WKB energy flow for
asymptotically homogeneous regions. The additivity and uniqueness of the energy flow expression is discussed for a general superposition of
waves with real and complex wave numbers. Furthermore, a global energy conservation theorem is demonstrated for an inhomogeneity in onedimension and generalized reflection and transmission coefficients are thereby obtained. 9 refs
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Sample records for owc wave energy

Andersen, Morten Thtt; Thomsen, Jonas Bjerg

Martinelli, L.; Zanuttigh, B.; Kofoed, Jens Peter

7. Incident Wave Climate at the OWC Pico Plant (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186041844)

Le Crom, I.; Cabrera Bermejo, H.; Pecher, Arthur;

8. Development and Demonstration of an OWC Power System (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/1134548/)

9. MARINET experiment KNSWING testing an I-Beam OWC attenuator (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2280920540)

Nielsen, Kim; Bingham, Harry B.

Pecher, Arthur; Crom, I. Le; Kofoed, Jens Peter;

Bingham, Harry B.; Read, Robert

15. Investigation on the Oscillating Buoy Wave Power Device (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?dbname=zw_qk&wid=17098462)

16. Oscillating-water-column wave-energy-converter based on dielectric elastomer generator (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?

Vertechy, R.; Fontana, M.; Rosati Papini, G. P.; Bergamasco, M.

Graw, K.U.; Lengricht, J.; Schimmels, S.

22. Performance estimation of bi-directional turbines in wave energy plants (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?

S. Anand; V. Jayashankar; S. Nagata; K. Toyota; M.Takao; T. Setoguchi

23. Performance Evaluation of an Axysimmetric Floating OWC

Alves, M. A.; Costa, I. R.; Sarmento, A. J.;

24. Numerical modelling in wave energy conversion systems (http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?query_id=1&page=0&osti_id=21070915)

25. WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

Gney, Mkrimin evket

27. Millimeter Wave Energy Harvesting (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

Khan, Talha Ahmed; Alkhateeb, Ahmed; Heath Jr, Robert W.

28. Reflectors to Focus Wave Energy (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186017782)

Kramer, Morten; Frigaard, Peter

Zullah, Mohammed Asid; Prasad, Deepak; Choi, Young-Do; Lee, Young-Ho

Lee, Kyoung-Rok; Koo, Weoncheol; Kim, Moo-Hyun

Ali, A. F.; Hadi, S.

32. The Wave Energy Device (http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/3314510/The_Wave_Energy_Device)

Frigaard, Peter; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Tedd, James William

33. Cycloidal Wave Energy Converter (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/1061484/)

Stefan G. Siegel, Ph.D.

34. Efficient Wave Energy Amplification with Wave Reflectors

Kramer, Morten Mejlhede; Frigaard, Peter Bak

35. Ocean wave energy conversion (http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/2009906)

36. SSG Wave Energy Converter (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/116380848)

Margheritini, Lucia; Vicinanza, Diego; Frigaard, Peter

38. Electromagnetic wave energy converter (http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19730023377)

39. Energy Wave Model of Atom (http://www.istic.ac.cn/suoguan/detailed.htm?dbname=zw_qk&wid=0120160106084618)

40. Wave energy: a Pacific perspective. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22184673)

Paasch, Robert; Ruehl, Kelley; Hovland, Justin; Meicke, Stephen

42. Key Aspects of Wave Energy (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2192948434)

Margheritini, Lucia; Nrgaard, Jrgen Harck

Nrgaard, Jrgen Harck; Andersen, Thomas Lykke; Kofoed, Jens Peter

44. Tunnel effect wave energy detection (http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080004759)

Kaiser, William J. (Inventor); Waltman, Steven B. (Inventor); Kenny, Thomas W. (Inventor)

45. Waves energy comes to surface (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:37065242)

46. Proposed electromagnetic wave energy converter (http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19730000185)

47. Direct Drive Wave Energy Buoy (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/1088831/)

48. Modelling Controlled Arrays of Wave Energy Converters (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

50. Wave-to-wire Modelling of Wave Energy Converters (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2226559548)

51. Direct Drive Wave Energy Buoy (https://www.etde.org/etdeweb/servlets/purl/1307881/)

Rhinefrank, Kenneth; Prudell, Joseph; Hammagren, Erik; Lenee-Bluhm, Pukha

52. Key features of wave energy. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22184669)

Kofoed, Jens Peter; Frigaard, Peter; Friis-Madsen, Erik;

54. Optimal control of wave energy converters (https://www.openaire.eu/search/publication?

55. On the wave energy resource of Peru (http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:46106491)

56. Innovative Breakwaters Design for Wave Energy Conversion (http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2186041882)

Vicinanza, Diego; Stagonas, D.; Mller, G.;

57. Experimental Study on the WavePiston Wave Energy Converter

Pecher, Arthur; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Angelelli, E.

Nrgaard, Jrgen Harck; Andersen, Thomas Lykke

59. Prototype Testing of the Wave Energy Converter Wave Dragon