1.

2.

3.

4.
5.

Let the required sum be Rs. P. Then

Rs. P = Rs. 100 143 Rs.100 143 4 2 = Rs. 1760.
13 5
31 2 1
4 2
To find rate %
prt
Since I =
r = 100I
100
pt
2
5
Here P = Rs. 468.75, t = 1 or years.
3
3
I = Rs. (500 468.75) = Rs. 31.25
rate p.c. = 100 31.25 100 3125 3 = 4
46875 5
468.745 5
3
Rs. 600 f or 2 years = Rs. 1200 for 1 years
And Rs. 150 for 4 years = Rs. 600 for 1 year
Int. = Rs. 90.
Rate = 90 100 = 5 %
1800 1
To find Time
prt
Since I =
.
t = 100I
100
Pr

Here interest = Rs. 15767.50 Rs. 8500 = Rs. 7267.50

t = 7267.50 100 = 19 years.
8500 4.5
Let Principal = P, time = t ears, rate = t
P
Then P t t
100 9
2

t =

100

t =

9
Race Formula

Rate = time =

6.

10
9

100

10

9
3
Let the annual payment be P rupees.
The amount of Rs. P in 4 years at 5%

1
3

1
3 %
3

The amount of Rs. P in 4 years at 5% = 100 4 5P

100

= 115P
100

120P
100

1
rate = 3 %
3

= 110P
100

= 105P
100
These four amounts together with the last annual payment of Rs. P will discharge the debt of
Rs. 770
115 P 110 P 105 P
120 P
P = 770
100
100
100
100

550 P

= 770

770100

= 140

550

100
Hence annual pay ment = Rs. 140

Theorem: The annual payment that will discharge a debt of Rs. A due in t years at the rate of interest r % per
100 AA
annum is
rt t A
100t
2
Proof:
Let the annual payment be x rupees.
100 t 1 r
x
The amount of Rs. x in (t 1) yrs at r % =
100
100 t 2 r
The amount of Rs. x in (t 2) yrs at r % =
x
100
----------------------------------------------------------------------------The amount of Rs. x in 2 yrs at r %
= 100 2r x
100
The amount of Rs. x in 1 yrs at r %
= 100 1r x
100
These (t 1) amounts together with the last annual pay ment of Rs. X will discharge the debt of Rs. A
100 t 1 r
100 t 2 r
x+
x ... + 100 r x + x = A

100
100
100
Or, x [{100 + (t 1) r} + {100 + (t 1) r} + ... {100 + r}]
= 100A
Or, x 100

r t 1 t
2

100 A

mm 1
2
Using the above theorem:
100 770
Annual payment =
54 5
5 100
2

x =

100 A
rt 1 t
100t
2

Note: 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + m =

7.
8.

770 100 = Rs. 140

550

848 100
= Rs. 200
43 4
4 100
2
Putting the values in the above formula:
A 100
80 =
54 5
5 100
2
80
550
Or, A =
= Rs. 440
100
By theorem payment =

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

Let his deposit

= Rs. 100
Interest for first 2 yrs.
= Rs. 6
Interest for next 3 yrs.
= Rs. 24
Interest for the last year.
= Rs. 10
Total interest
= Rs. 40
When interest is Rs. 40, deposited amount is Rs. 100
when interest is Rs. 1520, deposited amount
= 100 1520 = Rs. 3800
40
Race formula:
1520 100
Principal = Intereset 100
t1r1 + t 2r2 + t3r3 + ... 2 3 + 3 8 + 1 10
1520 100
=
= Rs. 3800
40
Let the sum it become Rs. 200.
Interest = 200 100 = 100
Then, rate = 100 I = 100 100 = 10%
Pt
10010
Race formula:
Time Rate = 100 (Multiple number of principal 1)
Multiple number of principal 1
Or, Rate = 100
time
100 2 1
Using the above formula: rate =
= 10%
10
100 3 1
Rate =
= 10%
20
Note: A generalized form can be shown as:
If a sum of money becomes x times int years as SI, the rate of interest rate is given by
100 x 1
%
t
Using the above formula.
100 Multiple number of principal 1
Time =
Rate
100 4 1
=
= 60 years.
5
Amount of 1st part = 110 1st part
100
nd

2 part = 115 2nd part

100
120
rd
3rd part

3 part =
100
According to t he question, these amounts are equal
110 1st part = 115 2nd part = 120 3rd part
1sr part: 2nd part: 3rd par t= 1 : 1 : 1
110 115 120
Hence, dividing Rs. 2379 into three parts in the ratio 276: 264: 253, we have 1st part = Rs. 828,
2nd part= Rs. 792, 3rd part = Rs. 759.
P + SI for 3.5 yrs = Rs. 873
P + SI for 2 yrs = Rs. 756
On subtracting, SI for 1.5 yrs = Rs. 117
Therefore, SI f or 2 yrs = Rs. 117 2 = Rs. 156
1.5

15.

16.

17.

18.

P = 756 156 = Rs. 600

And rate = 100 156 = 13% per annum
600 2
Let the sum be Rs. x and the original rate be y% per annum. Then, new rate = (y + 3) % per annum.
x y 3 2 x y 2

= 300
100
100
xy + 3x xy = 15000 or x = 5000
Thus, the sum = Rs. 5000
Race formula: Direct Formula
Sum = More Intereset 100 300 100 = 5000
2 3
Time More rate
Rate =

100(2 1) 100

7
7

Time

100(4 1
21years
100
7

OTHER METHOD: This question can be solved without writing anything.

Think like.
Doubles in 7 years
Trebles in 14 years
4 times in 21 years
5 times in 28 years
And so on.
Let the amount lent at 3% rate be Rs x, then
3% of x + 5% of (4000 x) = 144
Or, 3x + 5 4000 5x = 14400
Or, 2x = 5600
X = 2800
Thus, the two amounts are Rs 2800 and (40002800) or Rs 1200
First rate of interest =

120 100
800 3

= 5%

New rate = 5 + 3 = 8%
New interest =

800 3 8
Rs192.
100

New amount = 800 + 192 = 992.

19.

Simple interest for 5 years = Rs 300

Now, when principal is trebled, the simple interest for 5 years will also be treble the simple interest
On original principal for the same period. Thus SI for last 5 years when principal is trebled
=3 300 = Rs 900
Total SI for 10 yrs = 300 + 900 = Rs 1200

Theorem: A sum of Rs X is lent out in n parts in such a way that the interest on first part at r1% for t1
yrs, the interest on
Second part at r2% for t 2 yrs the interest on third part at r3% for t3 yrs. And so on, are equal, the ratio
in which the sum was divided in n parts is

given by

1
1
1
1
:
:
: ............
.
r1t1 r2t 2 r3t 3
rn tn

Proof: Let the sum be divided into S1 , S2 ............Sn

int 100
r1t1
int 100
S2
r 2t 2
int 100
S3
r 3t 3
int 100
Sn
rn tn
S1

[Since interest of all parts are equal]

S1 : S2 : S3 : ........Sn

=
20.

1 1
1
1
:
:
: ............
r1t1 r2 t2 r3 t3
rn tn

1stpart 5 10 2ndpart 6 9

100
100
1stpart
6 9 27

27 : 25
2ndpart 5 10 25
2600
1stpart
27 Rs1350
27 25
and 2ndpart 2600 1350 Rs1250

Each Interest =

Or,
21.

int100 int100 int100

int100
:
:
................. :
r1t1
r 2t 2
r 3t 3
rn tn

Interest = Rs 840 Rs 750 = 90

Time =

90 100
3 yrs
750 4

Now, by the formula:

Sum =

100 amount 100 575

Rs500
100 rt
100 3 5

Note: There is a direct relationship between the principal and the amount
And is given by Sum
22.

100 Amount
100 rt

Use the formula

Principal = Sum

100 Amount 100 2613 100 2613

Rs 2010
100 rt
100 30
130

Again by using the same formula:

100 3015
100 5t
100 3015
or ,100 5t
2010
1 100 3015 100 2010
t

5
2010

100 (3015 2010) 100 1005 100 1005

10 years
2010 5
2010 5
2010 5
2010

23.

Let the sum be Rs X.

x 8 4 32 x

100
100
32 x 68 x
x

100 100
68 x
interest is
less,
100

Interest =

When

the sum is Rs X.

x
100 340 Rs500
68 x
100
100 340
Sum
340
Rs500
100 8 4
68

When interest is 340less, the sum is

Direct formula:
24.

We may consider that Rs (1800 1650) gives interest of Rs 30 at 4% per annum.

Time

25.

30 100
5 yrs.
150 4

After 2 yrs amount returned to Ramu

400

400 5 2
Rs 440
100

Amount returned to Arun = 2% of Rs 440 = Rs 8.80.

26.

Theorem: When different amounts mature to the same amount at simple rate of interest, the ratio of
the amounts
Invested are in inverse ratio of (100 + time rate). That is, the ratio in which the amounts are
invested is
1
1
1
1
:
:
: .................. :
100 r1t1 100 r2t2 100 r3t3
100 rntn

Proof: We know that sum =

100 amount
100 rt
be S1 , S2 ............Sn ,

Let the sum invested

At the rate of r1 , r2 , r3 ..................rn for time t1 , t2 , t3 ,

tn yrs respectively Then

S1 : S2 : S3 :..................: Sn
100 A 100 A 100 A
100 A
:
:
: ....................... :
100 r1t1 100 r2t2 100 r3t3
100 rn tn

[Since the amount (A) is the same for all]

1
1
1
1
:
:
: ....................... :
100 r1t1 100 r2t2 100 r3t3
100 rn tn

Soln: Therefore, the required ratio is this case is

1
1
1
1
1
1
:
:

:
:
100 2 5 100 3 5 100 4 5 110 115 120

27.

28.

Doubles in 4 yrs
3 times 4 2 = 8 yrs
4 times 4 3 = 12 yrs
8 times 4 7 = 28 yrs
Thus direct formula: X Times in = No. of yrs to double (X 1)
8 times = 4(8 1) = 4 7 = 28 yrs.
Let the sum be Rs X, then
x 15 5 x 15 7

144
100
200
or ,150 x 105 x 144 200
x

144 200
Rs 640
45

Direct formula: Two equal amounts of money are deposited at r1% and r2% for t1 and t2 yrs
respectively. If the difference between
Their interest is id then sum =
Thus, in this case: sum =

id 100
r1t1 r2 t2

144 100
144 100

Rs640
15 5 15 3.5
22.5

500 2 r1
10r1
100
500 2 r2
I2
10r2
100
I1 I 2 10r1 10r2 2.5
I1

29.

Or, r1r2 =

2.5
10

= 0.25%

By Direct formula: When t1 = t2,

(R1r2) =
30.

I d 100 2.5 100

0.25%
Sum t
500 2

Let the sum be Rs X, then at 4% rate for 4 yrs the simple interest
=

x 4 4
4x
Rs
100
25

At 5% rate for 3 yrs the simple =

x 5 3
3x
Rs
100
20

4 x 3x

80
25 20
16 x 15 x
Now, we have, or ,
80
100
X Rs8000

Quicker Method: For this type of question

Sum =
31.

Difference 100
80 100
= Rs 8000

r1t1 r2t2
4 4 3 5

Suppose the of interest = r% and the sum = Rs A

A
A r 4
600; or, A + r 600
100
25
r

or , A 1 600 (1)
25
A r 6
and , A
650;
100
r

or , A 1 600
25
A r 6
and , A
650; (2)
100

Now, A +

Dividing (1) by (2), we have

r
25 600 ; Or , (25 r ) 2 12
3R 650
50 3r
13
1
50
Or, (50 + 2r) 13 = (50 + 3r) 12
1

Or, 650 + 26r = 600 + 3r; or, 10r = 50 r = 5%

Direct formula: If a sum amounts to Rs A1 in t1 years and Rs A2 in t2 years at simple rate of interest,
Then rate per annum =

100 A2 A1

A1t2 A2t1

In the above case,

R=
32.

100 650 600

6 600 4 650

100 50
5%
1000

Any sum that is paid back to the bank before the last instalment is deducted from the principal and not
from the interest.
Total interest = Interest on Rs 7000 for 3 yrs + Interest on (Rs 7000 Rs 3000) = Rs 4000 for 2 yrs.
Or, (5450 + 3000 7000) =

7000 3 r 4000 2 r

100
100

Or, 1450 = 210r + 80r

33.

1450
290

= 5%

Suppose Rs X was lent at 6% per annum.

x 6 5 (7000 x) 4 5

1600
100
100
3x 7000 x
or ,
1600
10
5
3x 14, 000 2 x
or ,
1600
10

Thus,

X = 16000 14000 = Rs 2000.

By Method of Alligation: Overall rate of Interest =

6%

1600 100 32
%
5 7000
7

4%
32
%
7

4
%
7

34.
35.

Ratio of two amount = 2: 5

7000
Amount lent at 6% =
2 =Rs 2000
7
400 5 6
SI =
= Rs 120
100

1 146 15 1
4 365 4 100
1225 2 15 1
= Rs.
4
5 4 100
147
= Rs.
= Rs. 4.59 nearly.
32

Interest = Rs. 306

10
%
7