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INTRODUCTION
India has the highest number of road accidents in the world. With over
130,000 deaths annually, the country has overtaken China and now has the worst
road traffic accident rate worldwide. This has been revealed by the World Health
Organization (WHO) in its first ever Global Status Report on Road Safety. The
report pointed to speeding, drunk driving and low use of helmets, seat belts and
child restraints in vehicles as the main contributing factors.
In any accident scene, rapid removal of the casualty to hospital improves
their chances of survival. The term the Golden Hour was first introduced in
1961, but because of misinterpretation as to what period this actually referred to, a
second concept, the Platinum Ten Minutes" was proposed as the time taken to
move a casualty to the ambulance.
A faster method to remove the victims trapped in the vehicle is required as
the traditional methods are time consuming . The process of removing a vehicle
from around a person who has been involved in a motor vehicle accident is
commonly known as Vehicle extrication. Rescue personnel use a number of tools
to extricate victims. There are two main types pneumatic and hydraulic.
The objective of this project is to fabricate a rescue tool called hydraulic
jaws to shear apart vehicle parts and also to lift heavy materials so as to save
victims trapped under slabs during earthquakes. It is designed with low operating
sound so that the victims are not stressed while its working.
CHAPTER 2
DESIGN AND WORKING
2.1 Schematic Diagram
SL no
PARTS
1.
Jaws
2.
Slot
3.
Hinge of Jaws
4.
DC Motor
5.
Connecting Rod
6.
Casing
7.
Hydraulic Jack
8.
Handle
2.2 Working
Hydraulic jaw comes under Class 1 lever in which the fulcrum (levers
point of rotation) is between the effort and the load. It utilizes a six-bar linkage in
which the vertical motion of the piston is transferred to the two hydraulic jaws
using the links. It is a hydraulic tool designed with two arms which come together
in a narrow tip and which uses pressure from a hydraulic jack to separate or
spread the arms . The tip of the tool can be inserted into a narrow gap between two
vehicle panels such as between two doors , or between a door and a fender . When
the tool is operated , the arms are opened , pushing apart the metal in the panels
.Spreaders may also be used to pop vehicle doors from their hinges.
The force required to lift the piston is provided by the hand operated
hydraulic jack and this force is transferred to the jaws using the links which result
in spreading of the jaws and this motion can be utilized for shearing apart metal.
CHAPTER 3
COMPONENTS
are kept together by a combination of their threads' friction, a slight stretch of the
bolt, and compression of the parts.
3.3 MS Rod
Fig 3.4 Nut and Bolt
Mild steel also known as plain-carbon steel, is now the most common
form of steel because its price is relatively low while it provides material
properties that are acceptable for many applications. Low-carbon steel contains
approximately 0.050.25% carbon making it malleable and ductile. Mild steel has
a relatively low tensile strength, but it is cheap and easy to form; surface hardness
can be increased through carburizing. Low-carbon steels suffer from yield-point
runout where the material has two yield points. The first yield point (or upper
yield point) is higher than the second and the yield drops dramatically after the
upper yield point.
purpose.
3.10 Base
Hydraulic jack is placed on the base. Base is made of MS flat and angle
iron. It is made so that jack can be held rigidly. It provide support for seating and
also for hydraulic jack.
CHAPTER 4
OPERATIONAL EXPLANATION
Hydraulic pressure: The hydraulic jaw is mainly powered by hydraulic
pressure exerted from the hydraulic bottle jack (which is mainly used in auto
motives). The hydraulic jack is an example of hydraulic press where it uses
Pascals law (pressure is equally distributed over a fluid). Consider the following
figure
NAME OF PARTS
Top Cap
Adjustment Screw
Oil Tight tank
Oil plug
Cylinder
Piston rod
Backing
SLNO:
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
NAME OF PARTS
Oil Drain valve
Hydraulic Fluid
Pressure at the hand
Pump Casing
Pump plunger
Handle
Safe valve
hydraulic
pressure. In the bottle jack the hydraulic pressure is not applied continuously but it
applied step by step (built-up hydraulic pressure).The piston rod of the jack makes
displacement with a set pumping actions by pump plunger .In each action the
piston moves a certain displacement and stops, hydraulic fluid flow from reservoir
oil tight-tank to cylinder is temporally restricted
Fig 4.4 Pumping of hydraulic fluid from plunger chamber to piston cylinder
When the piston rod of hydraulic jack reaches the maximum height , it
can be put back into initial position(after the use of the jack ) by turning oil drain
valve anticlockwise. This valve enables a bypass path to oil tight-tank from piston
cylinder, thus the oil refills in the reservoir. After this operation the oil drain valve
is turned clockwise in order to close the path.
CHAPTER 5
COST ESTIMATION
PARTICULARS
QUANTITY
COST/UNIT:
TOTAL
COST
1.
930
930
1
1
1
200
200
1020
200
200
1020
1
4
475
120
475
480
100
200
8.
50
100
9.
10.
1
1
750
20
750
20
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
CHAPTER 6
CALCULATIONS
6.1 Maximum Load Calculation
)/4
= ( 20
)/4
= 314.25mm2
Force acting on the bolt F= 2 A
= 41.368*2*314.25
=25992.59N
The maximum force acting on the bolt is 5000N.
Hence designing of bolt is safe.
Similarly the diameter of the bolt at pivot joint = 16mm
A=
)/4
= ( 16
)/4
=201.14mm2
Assume FS =3
= 248/(2*3)
= 41.33N/mm2
Maximum force acting on link F= *A
Breadth b=30mm
Thickness t=5mm
A = b*t
= 30*5
=150mm2
F = 41.33*150
= 6199.5N
So the link is safe
6.4.Compressive Spring
Maximum load possible
K = spring constant
G = spring material's shear modulus
d
(nt= na +2=8+2=10)
CHAPTER 7
BENEFITS AND PROBLEMS
7.1 Benefits
The hydraulic jaws has got a simple design so it is easy to repair. As it is
hydraulically operated it produces less noise. It is possible to shear apart metal
parts and also lift heavy materials using this hydraulic jaws. It produces no spark
while operation and is also eco friendly.
7.2 Problems
The fabricated hydraulic jaws is slightly heavy so it cannot be carried away
by an individual alone. Although it works in horizontal and vertical position ,it
doesnot work in all positions .I t can be used only for low load application.
CHAPTER 8
RESULT
A prototype of hydraulic jaw was fabricated and was tested for its
working.It was successfully able to lift heavy materials as well as shear apart
metal parts.
CHAPTER 9
CONCLUSION
could be actually used as a rescue tool to save victims trapped during accidents.
REFERENCES
1. Thomas A. Sullivan, James D. Van de Van , Multi-objective, multi-domain
genetic optimization of a hydraulic rescue spreader ,Department of
Mechanical Engineering , University of Minnesota, United States(2014)
2. "Hurst Rescue Tool". Motor Trend (Petersen Publishing Co.). 23 Number 9:
8283. September 1971.
3. NFPA Standard On Powered Rescue Tools, 2010 edition, Chap. (2010) 78
Quincy, MA
6.
HYDRAULIC JAWS
GROUP MEMBERS
ASWIN KUMAR
DIPSON K.P
JOBIN JOHNSON
LIBIN LAZAR
LIJO JOY
GUIDE
SANDEEP.K