a B.Tech / Even (12-13)/Reg 2012-13 HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINES i ME- 421 Full Marks : 70 Time : 3hours ‘The figures in the margin indicate full marks. FIRST HALE ‘ Answer any three Questions. Two marks reserved for neatness, (a) A vertical cylinder of diameter 15 cm rotates concentri- ‘ally inside another cylinder of diameter 15.20 em, The heights ‘of both the cylinders are 25 cm. The space between the cylin. Gers is filled with a fluid whose viscosity is unknown. If a _ torque of 12 Nm is required to rotate the inner eylinder at 100 rpm, determine the viscosity of the fluid. _@) A sluice gate of size (2m x 1m), inclined at an angle 60° __ with free water surface has been installed to control the dis- the amount of normal force ‘Keep the gate closed. 6+5=11 Gide), Deduce the general three-dimensional equation of conti- _ Buity and also deduce it for one dimensional frictionless how. An idealised flow is given by V = 2x°i~ 3x2}, Is the flow Uist Wy, ‘steady or unsteady ? Is it 2D or 3D flow ? Calculate the local | and convective acceleration at the point (3,12) in the fine 6+5=11 [Tura Over | Ve se sa SSS =plain both 3, (a) Define HGL and EGL. With a neat sketch, ex of it. : eee ‘ends of the pipe ceuseeiegt determine the flow quid pressure at the mid of the pipeline 6+5=11 4. (a) ‘Derive the acbual discharge formula using V-noteh in ‘open channel flow. . ‘While meast suring the height from the top/erest, for w erie d ae necde tobe taken rectangular or tangle to measure a discharge of ade while oe the error : {tage of error in the , notch, Calculate the percent ane ‘angled V-notch is used (a) Meta centre. (b) Steady non uniform and unsteady (@) Comparison between venturimeter (d) Pitot Static tube. (©) Velocity of Approach. uniform flow. and orificemeter. 242434242211 {Continued | ‘AN5-100 (3) SECOND HALF Answer any three Questions. Two marks reserved for overall impression. Assume atmospheric and separation heads 4s 10.0 m and 2.5 m of water respectively. 6. (a) Explain negative slip phenomenon for a reciprocating pump with the help of indicator diagram. (®) Ina single acting reciprocating pump the suction lift is 3.6 m, length of suction pipe 10.0 m, diameter of suction pipe is 10.0 em, diameter of piston is 15.0 em, stroke length is 60 cm and friction coefficient for pipe is 0.01. Find the maxi- mum safe working speed of the pump. What is the minimum delivery head so that negative slip does not occur ? vs 4+7=11 7. (@) What do you mean by a positive displacement pump ? Mention at least one of its features (characteristics). (®) For a single acting reciprocating pump show that the incorporation of air vessel can save upto 84.8% of power ex- pended due to friction loss in delivery/suction pipes. (c) Apart from the advantage in (b), mention at least one advantage each on suction and delivery sides. 2 +5 + 4 = 11 8. (a) Show that, for an elementary turbine with flat blades, the maximum theoretical efficiency is 50%. What is the cor- responding speed ratio ? (®) A pelton wheel has a bucket circle diameter of 1.25 m and runs at 860 rpm. The bucket deflection angle is 165°, coefficient of velocity for nozzle is 0.97 and the speed ratio is 0.46. The relative velocity of water is decreased by 10% due to bucket surface friction. If the diameter of the jet is 15 cm, determine the power developed by the turbine. 5 +6=11 G/6-100 {Turn Over |cite Pe iin ss MN B.Tech/Reg/Even Sem /2012-13 2012-2013 BASIC ROBOTICS ME - 430 Time - 3 hours, Full Marks - 70 The figures in the margin indicate full marks. Answer should be brief and to the point. Assume suitable data, if necessary. Group - A Answer any fwo questions. 1. (@) Describe the role of arm, wrist and end-effector of a serial manipulator. (6) What do you mean by workspace of a manipulator? Sketch. the workspace of a typical Cartesian and cylindrical configuration robot manipulator. (©) Distinguish between permanent magnet gripper and electro-magnet gripper. 3+4+3=10 2. (a) Define the terms control resolution, accuracy, repeatability and compliance of a robotic manipulator. (b) State some important advantages of six-legged robot over four-legged robot. 1 P.T.O.(©) Frame {1} and Frame {2} having coincident origins differ in orientation, Frame {2} is initially coincident with fixed frame {1}. Following rotations are carried out for frame {2} about the axes of fixed frame {1} : (rotation about x-axis by 45°, Gi) rotation about y-axis by 30°, Giii)rotation about x-axis by 60°. Obtain the overall rotational transformation matrix ( 'R,). 442+4=10 3. Write short notes on: (8) Mobile robots and its applications : (b) Point to point robots and continuous path robots (©) Cam actuated gripper mechanism. 4#3+3=10 Group - B Answer any two questions 4. (a) Define four D-H parameters forkinematic modeling. Which of these parameters are variable of (i) a rotary joint, Gi) a prismatic joint ? (b) For any intermediate link ‘i’, discuss how x-axis and origin of frame {i} is fixed under the following possible cases: (i) if Z, , and Z, intersect, (ii) if Z, , and Z,, are parallel, (iii) ifZ, , and Z, coincide, where Z, is the axis for (i+1)" joint. (©) Derive 44 homogeneous transformation matrix (1'T)) for kinematic relationship between adjacent links. (d) State any two properties of rotation transformation matrix. 543454215 5. (a) Briefly explain forward kinematics and inverse kinematics in modeling of a robotic manipulator. Solutions to inverse kinematics problem are generally difficult for serial robotic manipulator ~ explain why ? (b) Fig. 1 shows the sketch of a manipulator: (i Establish link co-ordinate system in the robotic ‘manipulator. (ii) Construct the link and joint parameters (D-H parameters) table. (iii)Determine "ST. (3+2)+B+3+4) =15 SA. 6. (a) Whatare the singularities ofa manipulator? Briefly explain different types of singularities of a serial robotic manipulator. (v) Draw the schematic diagram of 2R planar manipulator having link length i=100 mm and 1,=60 mm. (i) Derive the Jacobian for linear velocities, (ii) Find out the singular configurations of the manipulator.(©) ‘in dynamic modeling of serial manipulator ? State HUI oni torre ges SSE Answer any two questions. B.Tech/Reg/Even Sem /2012-13 2012-2013 THERMODYNAMICS OF MATERIALS MME - 401 Time - 3 hours Full Marks - 70 The figures in the margin indicate full marks. First Half Answer any three questions. The questions are of equal value. State all assumptions. 1. Calculate the free energy of Si at 1186°C with the given data: ¢,-A+BT-CT, H/mol.K., where A = 23.698, B = 3.30510", C= 4.351105, AS°,9= 18.81 J/mol.K. 2. What is the standard heat of formation of CuO at 298 K from the given data: ©, = 48.595+7.427 T — 761304.59 T? , S/mol.K.., (temp. range 298 to 2000 K) and AH? ggg 3-598%10° J/mol. 3. One mole of Cuat 0°C is placed in thermal contact with a second mole of Cu which, initially, is at 100°C. Calculate the temperature of the 2 mole system, which is contained in an adiabatic enclosure, when thermal equilibrium is attained. © coy 22.64 +6.28%10 T, Hmol.K. 1 P.T.O.‘Why is the common uniform temperature not exactly 50°C ? How much heat is transferred and how much entropy is created or destroyed ? 4, Show that, when 7 atoms of A and n atoms of B form a randomly mixed solution, the fraction of the total number of distinguishable complexions which occur in the most probable distribution decreases with increasing value of n. 5. The molar volumes of solid and liquid Pb at normal melting temperature of Pbare,respectively 18.92 and 19.47 cm’, Calculate the pressure which must be applied to Pb in order to increase its melting temperature by 20°C. Second Half Answer any three questions: All questions carry equal marks. 6. (a) What do you mean by ideal solution ? Why the actual solution deviate from ideality? Show that in the range cover which solute obeys Henry’s law the solvent obeys. Raoult’s Jaw. (b) The activity coefficient of chromium in iron at infinite dilution relative to pure solid chromium as the standard state is unity. Calculate the change in free energy when solid chromium is dissolved in iron so as to form an infinitely dilute, weight percent solution of chromium in liquid iron at 1800°C from the following data : ‘Heat of fusion of chromium = 5,000 cal/mole. ‘Melting point of chromium = 1830°C. Atomic weights of Fe and Cr are 55.85 and 52.0 respectively. 7. (a) What do you understand by “partial molar free energy” of a metal in solution? Determine partial molar free energy as a function of integral molar free energy. (b) Discuss the heat of mixing. volume of mixing and entropy of mixing of an ideal solution. (c) Molten steel was found to contain 100 ppm. hydrogen when inside an electric are furnace, where the ambient partial pressure of hydrogen was 0.3 atm. The steel must contain 10 ppm. hydrogen before it solidifies. To what vacuum pressure it must be exposed before casting? 8. (a) How do you determine the activity of a solute in a multi component solution? (b) Calculate the oxygen content of liquid iron at the end of a converter blow for high carbon steel containing 1 wi% C and 0.63 wt% Si. The temperature at the end of the heat is 1600°C, and the pressure of oxygen is ! atm. 277.90 - 0.79 T cai 0.13 and e’ = 1.03 (c) The excess partial molar free energy of zinc in liquid Cu-Zn alloys at 1027° C can be represented as G; (cal/mole) =~ 5150 —x,,)? Calculate the activity of copper at 1027°C in an equiatomic solution. 9. (a) How do you determine thermodynamic quantities using reversible electrochemical cells?(b) The reversible e.m.f. between pure magnesium and magnesium-zine alloy containing 64,5 atom% magnesium in a fused KCI-LiCl-MgCl, electrolyte may be represented by E= 16.0810" + 1.02x10° T volt. Calculate the activity coefficient and excess partial molar free energy of mixing of magnesium in the above alloy at 727°C. 10. (a) For gaseous reduction of iron ore fines following data is obtained for reduction by CO gas. Find the activation energy for such reduction: Temp (°C) Reduction Rate (sec!) | 800 1.04%10% 900 0.12x107 1000 17.2*104 1100 0.025210 (b) Find out the rate of reaction at 300 K, if activation energy of the reaction is 167.36 kJ/mol. How much reaction rate will increase if the temperature is raised by 100K? (c) Give an example of zero-order reaction. (4) From anexperimenton sulphurremoval from molten iron to slag at 173K the following data is obtained. Time(mm) 0 4 15 33 63 91 151 [S]% 0.16 0.14 0.132 0.091 0.072 0.033 0.012, Find out the Ist order rate constant for desulphurization. D-23 4 80- B.Tech / Even (42-18) /Reg 2012-13 PHASE TRANSFORMATION AND ‘EQUILIBRIA MME - 402 Full Marks : 70 q Time : 3 hours The figures in the margin indicate full marks. Attempt any Five questions. 1. (@) Ina chemical system, introducing the force acting on an | of component i, show that the diffusion flux of compo- nent i (J,) is proportional to the chemical potential gradient of component i. (®)_ Explaining the dependence of diffusion coefficient on mobility and activity coefficient, discuss the nature of dif sion in ideal solution and non-ideal solution (with positive ee: T+7=14 2@ Derive an expression to represent diffusion coefficient in terms of jump frequency and jump distance. - (b) Derive and relate the expressions of jump frequency for diffusion +7214 a "Find out the solution of Fick's second law of diffusion for a pair of semi-infinite solids A and B; where B can diffuse into A, ‘but A cannot diffuse into B, Thereafter, apply this solution to analyze Carburizing process and Decarburizing oF {Turn Over }(®) Using the Phase rule, determine the maximum number of phases that can co-exits in a binary system with degree of freedom as 1. (©) Draw and label the phase diagram of a binary (A-B) system showing 3-phase equilibrium at 250 °C involving «, Jiguid and fi phases having composition equal to 10%, 55% and 95%B, respectively. 6+4+4a14 ce is 6.02 mole™ and ice — aa SEAN S the molar volume of ice as 19cm’. 44446514 7. (a) Deseribe the precipitation toe Ra condition and non-equilibrium (6) Explain precisely what happen when an Al-4wt.% Cu S alloy is quenched from solution temperature (520 °C) and SN subsequently aged at 130 °C for a prolong period of time. . T+7=14 8. (a) Galeutats the Pastow of pro-eutectoid ferrite and ‘eutectoid ferrite in a 0.3 wt.%C steel. A880 : (Continued }“The following data-were obtained from a diffractometer of a simple cubie substance, made with copper, 9. radiation (CuK), The given Sin9 values are for both Kay and Kaz lines. > B.Tech/Reg/Even Sem /2012-13 2012-2013 || X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND ELECTRON \| | MICROSCOPY * MME - 404 | Time - 3 hours First Halt Fall Marks - 70 ‘Wavelength of Kp is shorter than Ka but having lower intensity than Ka Justify, I With proper explanation drayy (showing absorption edge) a qualitative plot of variation of w/p with, wavelength of incident X-ray for any given crystal, , \| A CuKa radiation is being used for diffraction experiment. The filter to be used is a nickel foil. It is required to produce an intensity ratio of 100-1 in the filtered CuK and CuK radiation. Peete the thickness of the nickel foil and the transmission factor for the CuK. line. For unfiltered Pe | lax/loxg = 7.5, the density of nickel is 8.90 gm/om’. yp of nickel for CuK radiation is 49,3 cm’ and jup of nickel for CuK radiation is 286 em"/gm. What do you mean by diffraction? Derive Brage’s law. What are different diffaction methods? Explain Laue method with he help of Ewald's sphere construction. Foipe 1 ceay evel agra how emission and excitation take place with relevant ivations wherever necessary. 19 (Kai) 0.68758( Kai) 19 (Kaz) 0.69105 (Ka) 20 (Kai) 0.72374 (Kai) | 20 (Kaz) 0.72735 (Kaz) | 24 (Kay) 086846 (Kai) 24 (Kaz) 0.87282(Ka2) | ine the lattice parameter a, accurate to four significant figures, by graphical extrapolation eal inst sind as well as by Cohen’s analytical method. | vet skal (Cu) = 1.54051 Kand 2. kaa (Cu) = 1.54433 A Derive simplified oe for structure factor for a simple cubic, bec and fec cell each, aun ‘one atom per lattice point. | ‘Derive simplified expressions for F? for NaCl including the rules governing observed reflections, | ‘The Na and Cl atoms are located at the following positions | aie Wie 4 | PTA aia | : cl 222 Bas o 50 79 06 (a) The powder pattern of an element is represented by the observed Sin’0 values of the first eight 7 lines on the pattern, made with CuK, radiation. Index the lines, find the crystal system, Bravais lattice and approximate lattice parameter (or parameters). Sin70 : 0.0768, 0.0876, 0.099, 0.1645, 0.231, 0.274, 0.308, 0.319 (b) What is the frequency (per sec.) and energy per quanta (in Joules) of X-ray beam of wavelength 2 1.54 (CuKa)? 7. (@ Enumerate direct comparision method for the determination of retained austenite in the hardened 5 steel, (b) Explain Cohen’s method for determination of lattice parameter of tetragonal system using Co 4 extrapolation function. 8. (a) Explain the method of determination of solvus curve by disappearing phase as well as by 7 parametric method along wit: limitations, (b) What are the advantages of x-ray analysis by diffraction over other methods of chemical analysis 2 Second Half 9. Answer the following questions (Any two) 2xd=d (@) State the effect of accelerating voltage on resolution and edge effect in a SEM? (b) Give two Main differences between optical and electron optical lenses. (©) WDS provides better compositional analysis of a steel sample than EDS. Explain, 10, Answer the following questions (Any two) 3x26 (a) How qualitative composition analysis is done by back scattered electron mode i (b) A suitably prepared sample for TEM cannot be used for chemical com why? (©) Give a schematic representation of spherical aberration, SEM? n-analysis in SEM. 11, Answer the following questions (Any three) Sx3=15 (@) Draw a schematic representation to show the effect of electron beam-specimen interaction. (b) Emission process of Auger electrons is complementary to that of characteristics X-Ray emission. Justify with schematic diagram (©) Describe the method of determining camera constant of a TEM. (@ Deseribe the method of indexing a SAD (spot) pattern when camera constant is unknown. D2191- 2 30