Historical Background of Pakistan and its People

Muslim world is a vast and immense mass of land sprawling from West Africa facing the Atlantic to
southern Philippines far in the Pacific. Its northern limits touch the Volga in Russia while southern
frontiers run up to Mozambique in South-East Africa on the Indian Ocean. In China, in addition to
Sinkiang, Muslims are in substantial numbers in the provinces bordering Burma and in the districts
around Peking. Total population of Muslims in the world is estimated at one billion.
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Posted in History

History of Sindh
The land of Sind has a hoary past with some of the most striking episodes in history having occurred
in its bosom. It has given a slightly different variation of its name to our neighbouring country and to
the religious majority of its inhabitants. Both the words India and Hindu are derived from Sindhu,
which, in Persian became Hind and Hindu (the letter H substituted for S) and in Greek and Roman, Ind
(the letter S of Sind having being dropped). The meaning of the word Sindhu is water, referring to the
great river. There is an old belief among Muslims that four rivers had sprung from Heaven: Neel (Nile),
Furat
(Euphrates),
Jehoon
(Juxartes)
and
Sehoon
(Sind).
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Posted in Sindh

Ghaznavid Rule of Pakistan

The next period in Pakistans history begins with the defeat of Raj Jaipal and his son Anandpal, rulers
of northern areas of Pakistan, and of the Ismaili and Carmathian rulers of southern areas i.e., Multan
and Sind at the hands of Mahmud Ghaznavi, leading to the unity of the two region. Eleventh century
ushered in an era of Muslim rule over the entire length and breadth of Pakistan. During the 32 years of
his rule Mahmud invaded Pakistan and India more than 17 times and though he carried his successful
arms up to Muthra, Kanauj, Baran and Gawaliar, he did not annex any area beyond Ravi. As such,
Pakistan continued to remain separate from India, again looking westward constituting a part of the
Ghaznavi Empire. The boundaries also were almost the same which had been coming down from the
days of the Indus Valley Civilization. It will be notice that this phenomena of Pakistan forming a
separate country with its eastern boundaries running upto either Ravi, Beas or Sutlej has been
recurring
again
and
again.
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Posted in Islamic History

The People and the Land of Baluchistan

In spite of the intrinsic hostility of its landscape and climate, archaeological discoveries have confirmed
that Baluchistan was already inhabited in the Stone Age, and the important neolithic site at Mehrgarh
is the earliest (7000-3000 B.C.) on the subcontinent. Until its overthrow by Alexander the Great,
Baluchistan was part of the Persian Empire, whose records refer to it as Maka.
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Posted in Balochistan

Indus Valley, Inc

The railway linking Lahore to Multan in Pakistan is 4,600 years old. In truth, the rails were laid down in
the middle of the nineteenth century, but to build the railway bed, British engineers smashed bricks

from crumbling buildings and rubble heaps in a town called Harappa, halfway between the two cities.
Back in 1856, Alexander Cunningham, director of the newly formed Archeological Survey of British
India, thought the brick ruins were all related to nearby seventh-century Buddhist temples. Local
legend told a different story: the brick mounds were the remnants of an ancient city, destroyed when
its king committed incest with his niece. Neither Cunningham nor the locals were entirely correct. In
small, desultary excavations a few years later, Cunningham found no temples or traces of kings,
incestuous or otherwise. Instead he reported the recovery of some pottery, carved shell, and a badly
damaged seal depicting a one-horned animal, bearing an inscription in an unfamiliar writing.
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