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WESTWOOD HIGH SCHOOL

END OF YEAR EXAMINATION
GRADE XIII
December 2015
BIOLOGY UNIT II
Paper 02 General Proficiency
2 hours 30 minutes

Name:______________________________________________________________

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

1. This paper consists of SIX questions in TWO sections. Answer ALL Questions.
2. For Section A, write your answer in the spaces provided in this booklet.
3. For Section B, write your answers in the spaces provided at the end of each questions in
the booklet.
4. Where appropriate, answers should be illustrated by diagrams.
5. The use of non-programmable calculator is allowed

QUESTIONS

TOTAL MARKS

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Section A
Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided in this answer booklet.
1.
a. Figure 1 is an incomplete diagram summarising the main steps of the Calvin cycle.

Figure 1: Calvin Cycle

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i.

On Figure 1, use a labelled arrow to show each of the following:

a) The stages at which ATP is used and ADP is released and the number of molecules
involved.
b) The stages at which NADPH is used and NADP + is released, and the number of
molecules involved.

ii.

3 marks
The series of reactions in the Calvin cycle may be grouped into 3 main phases as shown by the
pie sections in Figure 1. Outline the MAIN purpose of EACH phase.

iii.

First Phase: _______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
Second Phase: _____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Third Phase: ______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3 marks
The Calvin Cycle and Krebs cycle are both metabolic pathways crucial for life on earth. State
TWO differences between these two pathways. [NOTE: DO NOT state site of pathways as a
difference].
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2 marks

b. Figure 2 shows the results of an experiment to investigate whether the use of pyruvate
supplements enhances the aerobic performance of well-trained male cyclists. Seven welltrained male cyclists were given either placebo capsules (glucose and gelatin) or calcium
pyruvate capsules for a period of seven days. Subjects cycled for a period of time until
exhaustion. Whole-blood lactate and glucose concentrations were measured at 15-minute
intervals during the period of aerobic exercise.

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i.

Describe the changes in blood lactate and glucose levels for the cyclists who used calcium
pyruvate supplements over the exercise period.
Lactate ___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Glucose: _________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________
4 marks
ii.

Account for the trend observed with respect to the levels of blood lactate during the first 60
minutes of cycling activity.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2 marks

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iii.

Based on the data shown in Figure 2, what conclusions can be drawn with respect to the effect of
calcium pyruvate supplements on aerobic performance.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
1 mark.
Total: 15 marks

2.
a. Figure 3 is a diagram of the nitrogen cycle.

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i.

Identify the stages or organisms represented in numbers 1- 6 in Figure 3

1 ______________________________________________________________________
2_______________________________________________________________________
3_______________________________________________________________________
4_______________________________________________________________________
5_______________________________________________________________________
6_______________________________________________________________________
4 marks

ii.

iii.

iv.

Label 3 in Figure:3 represents a mutualistic relationship. Define the term mutualism.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
1 mark
State TWO benefits that bacteria derive from being a part of the nitrogen cycle.
Benefit 1: ____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Benefit 2: _____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2 marks
Giving ONE example, suggest the effect that the flooding of farm fields would have on the
nitrogen cycle.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

v.

_____________________________________________________________________________
1 mark
Although nitrogen is recycled, some stages of the cycle contain greater reserves of the element.
State, with support, the LARGEST reserve.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2 mark

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b. Define the term food chain in terms of energy flow.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2 mark
i.
Explain why a food web better describes energy flow in ecosystems than a food chain does.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4 marks
3.
a. Figure 4.1 is a schematic representation of the transverse section of a dicotyledonous root.
Total:

i.

15 marks

Use arrows labelled A and B TO INDICATE ON Figure 4, TWO separate locations where
the movement of ions across the root is by active transport

marks
ii. For EACH two locations identified in b (i) above, outline the movement of ions into cells.
A:________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
B:________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2 mark
iii. Explain the relationship between the movement of ions and movement of water across the
root .
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2 marks
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iv. Figure 4.2 below are micrographs of transverse sections of two different plant
organs.
a) On the micrograph of each organ label ONLY the phloem. 2 marks
b) Identify EACH plant organ in figure 4.2
2marks

Name of Plant Organ: _____________________________________________________

http://www.sttss.edu.hk/biolog
y/photomicrograph/bio%20photo.htm
Name of Plant Organ: ________________________________________________________

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b.

The leaf of the broad bean Vicia facia is exposed to radioactive carbon dioxide for 35
minutes. Both transverse and longitudinal sections are made of the leaf to display the vascular
bundles. The sections are placed in contact with autoradiographic films, which shows up
radiation as dark grains on the film. The film is left in contact with the sections for 32 days and
then developed.
Figure 4.3 shows the longitudinal and transverse sections of the vascular bundle.

Transverse Section

Longitudinal Section
i. Identify the group of plant cells stained in dark.
_________________________________________________________________________
1 mark
ii. Explain why ONLY these cells appear dark.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
iii. Briefly describe the pressure flow hypothesis.
2 marks
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__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2 marks
Total 15 marks

Section B
Answer ALL question in this section. Write your answers in the space provided for each question.

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4.
a. With aid of a diagram, Explain why the structure and organisation of the mesophyll tissue in
leaves make it well adapted for photysnthesis.
(9 marks)
b. Compare the electron transport systems that produce ATP in photosynthesis and cellular
respiration. For EACH electron transport chain, state the exact location within the cell.
6 marks
Draw Diagram for Question 4 in this box

Total: 15 marks

Write your response to question 4 here

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5.
a)

Give an analysis of the sources of potential energy loss across trophic levels in a food chain
(4 marks)

b) Describe SIX biotic interactions that can occur in an ecosystem. Include a brief explanation
of the term biotic interaction.
(7 marks)

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c. Biodiversity offers many services to human beings and their way of life; however in the face
of rising human population, some species of plants and animal face endangerment. Explain
how in situ and ex situ conservation methods are used to maintain biodiversity .
(4 marks)
Total: 15 marks
Write your answer to question 5 here.

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6.
a. Give a concise explanation of the term translocation in plants.
2 marks
i.

Discuss TWO experimental evidences for and against the pressure flow
hypothesis of translocation.

5 marks
b. Outline the movement of water in plant from the roots to xylem to the atmosphere.
Comment on the factors and how they contribute to the mass flow of water in plants.
8 marks

Total: 15 marks

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Write your answer to question 6 here

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END OF EXAMINATION

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