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Sigmund Freud was the founder of psychoanalysis and one of the bestknown figures in psychology..
Freuds Major Theories:
Freuds theories were enormously influential, but subject to considerable criticism both
now and during his own life. However, his ideas have become interwoven into the fabric of
our culture, with terms such as "Freudian slip," "repression" and "denial" appearing
regularly in everyday language.
Psychoanalytic theory of the conscious and unconscious mind is often explained using an iceberg metaphor.
Conscious awareness is the tip of the iceberg, while the unconscious is represented by the ice hidden below
the surface of the water.
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Psychology
Psychodynamic Theory
Freud Theory
Conscious Mind
Jung Theory
The conscious mind includes everything that we are aware of. This is the aspect of
our mental processing that we can think and talk about rationally. A part of this
includes our memory, which is not always part of consciousness but can be retrieved
easily at any time and brought into our awareness. Freud called this ordinary memory
the preconscious.
2.
Psychology
Psychodynamic Theory
Jung Theory
Personality
Freud Theory
The ego is the component of personality that is responsible for dealing with
reality. According to Freud, the ego develops from the id and ensures that the
impulses of the id can be expressed in a manner acceptable in the real world.
The ego functions in both the
Psychology
Counseling Psychology PHD
Freud Theory
Sigmund Freud
Instincts
Freuds theory of drives evolved throughout his life and work. He initially described a class
of drives known as the life instincts and believed that these drives were responsible for
much of behavior. Eventually, he came to believe that these life instincts alone could not
explain all human behavior. Freud determined that all instincts fall into one of two major
classes: the life instincts or the death instincts.
Neurotic anxiety is the unconscious worry that we will lose control of the id's
urges, resulting in punishment for inappropriate behavior.
2.
Reality anxiety is fear of real-world events. The cause of this anxiety is usually
easily identified. For example, a person might fear receiving a dog bite when they are
near a menacing dog. The most common way of reducing this anxiety is to avoid the
threatening object.
3.
In order to deal with this anxiety, Freud believed that defense mechanisms helped shield
the ego from the conflicts created by the id, superego and reality.
A Freudian slip
A Freudian slip is a verbal or memory mistake that is believed to be linked to the
unconscious mind. Common examples include an individual calling his or her spouse by an
ex's name, saying the wrong word or even misinterpreting a written or spoken word.
Discovered by Sigmund Freud, he described a variety of different types and examples of
Freudian slips in his 1901 book The Psychopathology of Everyday Life. According to Freud,
these errors reveal an unconscious thought, belief or wish.
"Two factors seem to play a part in bringing to consciousness the substitutive names: first,
the effort of attention, and second, and inner determinant which adheres to the psychic
material," Freud suggested in his book. "Besides the simple forgetting of proper names
there is another forgetting which is motivated by repression," Freud explained (1901).
According to Freud, unacceptable thoughts or beliefs are withheld from conscious
awareness, and these slip help reveal what is hidden in the unconscious.
The term is popularly used today in a humorous way when a person makes a mistake in
speech. In these situations, observers often suggest (in a comic way) that the mistake
reveals some type of hidden emotion on the part of the speaker.