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Abstract
In photovoltaic (PV) water pumping systems, a maximum
power point tracking (MPPT) controller is extremely
important. Since PV generators exhibit nonlinear I-V
characteristics and their maximum power point varies with
solar insolation. Therefore, the MPPT controller optimises the
solar energy conversion by ensuring that the PV generator
runs at the maximum power point at all times under different
illumination conditions. In this paper, a new artificial neural
network (ANN) based searching algorithm is proposed for
maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The system is
composed of solar array, buck converter and centrifugal pump
load driven by a permanent magnet DC motor. The proposed
ANN controller uses the output power of the PV generator
and speed of the DC motor as input signals and generates the
pulse width modulation (PWM) control signal to adjust the
operating duty ratio of a buck converter to match the load
impedance to the internal impedance of the PV array; thus
maximizing the motor speed and the water discharge rate of a
centrifugal pump. A complete dynamic simulation of the
system is developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK to demonstrate
the feasibility of the ANN control scheme under different
sunlight insolation levels. The results obtained verify that the
proposed ANN controller shows a significant improvement in
the power extraction performance under different sunlight
conditions, when compared with a directly-connected PVgenerator energized pumping system. Moreover, the
simulation results match the calculated improvement.
DC-DC
Buck
Converter
1 Introduction
PVG
DCM
Pump
Vpv Ipv
PWM
Ppv
Iph
G
Rs
ID
Dj
IS = IRS
qEgap 1
TC
1
. exp
(4)
TRrf
AK TRef TC
Ipv
Ish
Vpv
Rsh
q
VPV
RS
+IPV
-1 (5)
AKTC NS
NP
T
Figure 2: PV cell equivalent circuit.
qVPV
1 (2)
AKTC
G
(3)
Gr
Ia
La
Ra
+
E
Va
+
-
J
m Tm
Bm
TL
Pump
dIa
+e (6)
dt
Input
dm
+Bm m +TL (7)
dt
Hidden
Output
PPV
netko
m
Bias
wj i
wkj
ko
netjh
Bias
netk0
Nh
yk0 = f2
j=1
1
(9)
1 + exp -x
For the neurons of the output layer of the neural network, the
pure linear transfer function f(x) = x was used to provide a
wide range of solutions as shown in Figure (5) (a) [18].
f(x)
f(x)
1
-1
Ep =
1
2
tpj opj (14)
2
j
Ep (15)
p=1
netjh = wji
xi +jh (10)
i=1
3 Simulation results
The MATLAB\SIMULINK software is used for simulation of
the photovoltaic water pumping system. The system was
simulated to verify the functionality and performance of the
proposed ANN controller based on MPPT of water pumping
system and to quantify how the proposed controller increased
the system efficiency compared with directly connected
system under different solar insolation levels. The complete
simulation model of the system consists of a PV model
i=1
PV Power (W)
1000
Theo
ANN
Direct
500
0
2
Time (s)
Theo
ANN
Direct
150
100
2
Time (s)
0.5
0
Theo
ANN
0
2
Time (s)
Insolation (W/m 2)
2
3
Time (s)
2
3
Time (s)
Figure 6: Change of solar irradiation case 1.
ANN
Direct
400
Theo
500
Time (s)
600
200
1000
Insolation (W/m 2)
200
150
Theo
ANN
Direct
100
0
Time (s)
Duty Cycle
References
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Photovoltaic Array Maximum Power Point Tracking
Techniques," Energy Conversion, IEEE Transactions
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tracking algorithms for stand-alone photovoltaic
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90, pp. 1555-1578, 2006.
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and Applications (BIC-TA), 2011 Sixth International
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Academic Pr, 2004.
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guide, 2008.
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578-581.
[18] B. Mutwali, "An Economic Analysis of Grid-tie
Residential Photovoltaic System and Oil Barrel Price
Forecasting: A Case Study of Saudi Arabia," 2013.
Theo
ANN
0.5
0
Time (s)
Direct
ANN
Theo
G (W/m)
Ppv (W)
Wm (rad/s)
Error %
Ppv (W)
Wm (rad/s)
D
Error %
Ppv (W)
Wm (rad/s)
D
650
550
450
250
1165 903.1
654.9 249.1
195
177.7
157.9 109.6
0.042 0.114
0.207 0.425
1216
1019
829.0 433.9
197.6 185.2
171.8 135.1
0.889
0.83
0.777 0.618
0
0.0002 0.00006
0
1216.0 1019.2 829.05 433.9
197.6 185.3
171.8 135.1
0.888 0.835
0.774 0.620
G (W/m)
Ppv (W)
Direct Wm (rad/s)
Error %
Ppv (W)
Wm (rad/s)
ANN
D
Error %
Ppv (W)
Theo Wm (rad/s)
D
200
171.2
94.59
0.512
350.7
124.7
0.573
0.0003
350.8
124.6
0.569
300
337.1
123.1
0.376
540.7
146.8
0.667
0
540.7
146.8
0.665
400
540.7
147.1
0.259
729.9
164
0.742
0
729.9
164.0
0.741
500
600
776.1 1034
168.1 186.7
0.137 0.081
898.9 1125
177.1 192.0
0.800 0.866
0.00011 0.00044
899 1125.5
177.2 192.2
0.806 0.862
4 Conclusion
This paper proposes an ANN-based MPPT controller for
standalone PV water pumping systems. The proposed ANNbased MPPT controller has been simulated using
MATLAB/SIMULINK. The optimized values of PV power
and the corresponding motor speed values for various
irradiation and temperature levels was used to train the ANN.
Then, the trained ANN was used as the means to provide duty
cycle D corresponding to the PV maximum power for any
environmental variations. To verify the performance of the
proposed ANN controller, a comparison has been carried out
by means of Matlab simulation between the PV water
pumping system with ANN MPPT control and the directly
connected system under different solar irradiation levels. The
simulation results show that the proposed ANN controller has
excellent convergence MPP and the results show a good
marching with the theoretical MPP under different insolation
and weather conditions. The method allows the overall
efficiency of the PV system to be improved.