3T: TERMS, THEORIES, TYPES

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS
Simple Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Porins
Aquaporins
Uniport
Symport
Antiport
Active Transport
Water Potential (w)
Solute Potential (s)
[Osmotic Potential]
Pressure Potential (p)
Matric Potential (m)
Osmotic Pressure
Turgor Pressure
Wall Pressure
Diffusion Pressure Deficit
Osmosis
Reverse Osmosis
Osmometer
Endosmosis
Exosmosis
Deplasmolysis
Flaccid Cell
Imbibition
Mass Flow
Apoplast Pathway
Symplast Pathway
Casparian Strip
Root Pressure
Auxanometer
Guttation
Hydathodes
Dew
Holard
Chresard
Echard
Transpiration Pull Theory
Transpiration
Anti-Transpirants

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Net movement from higher concentration to lower concentration

Depends on Gradient, Permeability, Temperature, Pressure
Diffusion through special membrane protein without energy expenditure.
Ex: Diffusion of large molecules, polar molecules, ions
Proteins that make pores in the membrane for diffusion of particular compound.
Ex: Outer membrane of plastids, mitochondria, bacteria etc.
These make up the water channels
Ex: RBC, Kidney tubule, Tonoplast
A single molecule diffuses through the membrane independent of others
Ex: Uniporter channels in neurons (Voltage gate, Ligand etc)
Two molecules together diffuses in the same direction through proteins
Ex: Diffusion of Na+ and glucose in intestinal villi through symporter SGLT-1
Two molecules diffuses in different direction through membrane protein
Ex: Na+ and H+ exchange
Movement of molecules with expenditure of energy through carrier proteins.
Help in uphill transport; Ex: Ion pumps (K+, Na+ etc.)
Potential energy of water per unit volume relative to pure water
w of pure water is taken 0
It is the decrease in the water potential due to addition of solutes
It is always negative. It is given by vant Haff Equation: s = -iCRT
It is hydrostatic pressure developed due to entry of water.
It is usually +ve (turgid cell), 0 (plasmolysed cell), -ve (in xylem for water transport)
Due to imbibition. It is negligible.
The pressure by which water is pulled; Tendency to take in water by osmosis.
It is equivalent to Pressure Potential
Equal and opposite pressure exerted by wall in response to turgor pressure.
DPD is the reduction in osmotic pressure due to addition of solutes. [DPD= OP-TP]
Both DPD and WP are same in magnitude but are opposite in sign
Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable water from solution of low concentration to
high concentration (of solute)
Semi permeable allows movement of solutes not water
Instrument used to measure OP of a solution, colloids etc.
Movement of water inside the cell (from high to low water potential)
Ex: A cell in pure water or hypotonic solution
Movement of water outside the cell. (Plasmolysis)
Ex: Cell kept in hypertonic solution (salt solution)
Process that occurs when a plasmolysed cell is added to hypotonic solution
Cell in which water flow is in equilibrium.
Water is absorbed by solid (colloids) to increase volume enormously
Ex: Absorption of water by seeds and dry wood
Movement of substance in bulk from one point to other due to pressure difference
Movement of water through intercellular spaces and cell wall
Maximum movement. Casparian strip of endodermis is barrier
Movement of water through cells and plasmodesmata. Slow process
Band of suberin and lignin attached to radial and transverse cell wall
Positive pressure arised in root due to addition of ions from soil. (S. Hales)
Instrument used to measure root pressure
Loss of water in liquid form due to root pressure at night when transpiration is low.
Ex: Tips of grasses have drops in early mornings
Secretory tissue found in leaf margins that secrete water.
It is formed due to condensation of moisture on leaves. It is not consequence of guttation
Total water content in soil
Water in soil available for plants
Water present in soil but cant be utilized by plants
Proposed by Dixon & Jolly; Driving force is Transpiration.
Also called Cohesion-Tension Transpiration pull
Evaporative loss of water by plants. Mostly done by stomata (97%)
Other contributions- Cuticlar (2-3%), Lenticular (0.1%), Bark (0.5%)
Compounds to reduce transpiration rate
Ex: Phenyl mercuric acid (PMA), ABA,

Chetan Kamlesh Sethiya

3T: TERMS, THEORIES, TYPES

Porometer
Potometer
Cobalt Chloride Test
Transpiration Efficiency
Wilting
Compass Plants

Stomata Distribution

Duration of Opening

Stomata Structure

Scotoactive Stomata
Photoactive Stomata
Types of Wilting
Starch Hydrolysis Theory
Malate or K+ Ion Pump

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Instrument used to measure stomatal pore

Instrument used to measure rate of transpiration
Used to measure rate of transpiration. (Blue to Pink)
Amount of water transpired to make 1 unit mass of dry matter- H20 released/CO2 fixed
CAM- 50; C4- 100-200; Mesophytes- 300-500; Alfalfa- 900
Excessive loss of water as compared to intake of water
Leaves are oriented in North-South direction. Ex: Lactuca, Sylphium
Apple Type
On Dorsal side (Abaxial)
Potato Type
Both; more on abaxial
Oat Type
Equal on both sides
Water Lily Type
On Adaxial side
Potamogaton Type
Absent
Alfalfa type
Succulent Type
Potato Type
Barley Type
Equisetum Type
Anomocytic Type
Anisocytic Type
Diacytic Type
Paracytic Type

Open
Closed
Open
Closed
Open

Closed always
Open
Closed for some time
Open for some time
Open

Accessory cells absent

Three AC, two larger
Two AC, perpendicular
Two AC, Parallel

Stomata open only in night (succulent type)

Stomata open only during day (Alfalfa type)
Incipient: No external symptoms, during mid-day
Temporary: Externally visibly, but repaired in short time
Permanent: Inability to cope up water intake due to poor water content in soil.
Proposed by Sayre; Effect of pH on phosphoryzae enzyme
During Day- Starch breaks into Glucose; Reverse at night
Objection: Slow interconversion
By Levitt; Accumulation of K+ ions during day makes guard cells turgid

Chetan Kamlesh Sethiya