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Basic Questions
Basic Question 1
3.1.3
Given
R.T.F
[HCl] = 0.010M
[OH-] =??
[H+] = 0.010M
Kw = [H+] [OH-]
1 x 10 -14 = [H+] [OH-]
[OH-] = 1.0 10-12 M
3.1.3
b) Calculate the [H+] and the [OH] in a solution of 0.40 g of NaOH dissolved in 10 cm3 of solution.
Given
R.T.F
mNaOH = 0.40g
Vsoln= 10 cm3
[H+] = ??
[OH-] = ??
m 0.40
=
= 0.010 moles
M
40
n
0.010
=
= 1.0 M
V 10/1000
Kw = [H+] [OH-]
[OH-] =
Basic Question 2
3.2.3
Al2O3
calcium oxide
CaO
carbon dioxide
CO2
carbon monoxide
CO
magnesium oxide
MgO
sulphur dioxide
SO2
can react with hydrochloric acid but not with aqueous sodium hydroxide.
To react with acid and not with base, the oxide must be basic. CaO and MgO are the
answers as they are basic oxides.
(ii)
can react with aqueous sodium hydroxide but not with hydrochloric acid.
To react with base and not with acid, the oxide must be acidic. SO2 and CO2 are the
answers as they are acidic oxides.
(iii)
can react with both hydrochloric acid and aqueous sodium hydroxide.
To react with both, acid and base, the oxide must be amphoteric. Al2O3 is the answer as
it is an amphoteric oxide.
(iv)
Basic Question 3
3.3.1
TG
The soluble salt, zinc sulphate from the insoluble base zinc oxide.
Method: C
Reagent: Sulphuric acid
Word equation: Zinc oxide + sulphuric acid zinc sulphate and water
(ii)
The soluble salt, potassium chloride, from the soluble base, potassium hydroxide.
Method: A
Reagent : Hydrochloric acid
Equation KOH (aq)+HCl (aq) KCl (aq) + H2O(l)
(iii)
The insoluble salt, Lead (II) iodide from the soluble salt Lead (II) nitrate.
Method: B
Reagent : Potassium iodide or any soluble iodide
Equation: Pb2+ (aq) +2I-(aq)PbI2 (s)
Basic Question 4
3.3.1
Copper sulphate solution was prepared by reacting excess copper oxide with dilute sulphuric acid.
The diagram below shows the method used.
25 cm3 of dilute sulphuric
acid was poured into a
beaker
spatula
Graduated cylinder
tripod
Stand
Filter paper
Filter funnel
beaker
Basic Question 5
3.5.1
Calculate the [H+] and [OH-] after mixing HCl with NaOH given nNaOH , CHCl
and VHCl
a) Suppose that 0.098 mole of solid NaOH is added to 0.100 liter of 1.00 M HCl. Calculate the final
concentration of H+ (aq) and OH(aq) at equilibrium
Steps:
1) Calculate number of moles of HCl in excess that are present in the solution.
Given
R.T.F
nNaOH = 0.098
VHCl = 0.100L
[HCl] = 1.00M
nHCl in excess = ??
R.T.F
nNaOH = 0.098
VHCl = 0.100L
[HCl] = 1.00M
[H+] = ??
Number of moles of H+ in excess = number of moles of HCl in excess = 2.0 10-3 mole
n 2.010-3
=
= 0.0200 M
C=
V
0.100
R.T.F
nNaOH = 0.098
VHCl = 0.100L
[HCl] = 1.00M
[OH-] = ??
Kw = [H+] [OH-]
1 x 10 -14 = [H+] [OH-]= 2.0 10-3 [OH-]
[OH-] =5.0 x 10-13 M
3.5.1
Calculate the [H+] & [OH] if equal number of moles of acid and base are mixed
b) 200 ml of 1.00 M NaOH is added to 200 ml of 1.00 M HCl. Calculate the final [H+] and [OH].
Given
R.T.F
[NaOH] = 1.00 M
VNaOH = 200ml
[HCl] = 1.00 M
Vacid = 200 ml
Kw
Basic Question 6
3.5.3
Calculate [H+] and [OH-] in a solution after adding one drop of NaOH to pure
water
1 drop of 0.10 M NaOH solution is added to 1000 cm3 of pure water. (Consider 1.0 ml to be 20 drops).
Find the [H+] and [OH] in the resulting solution.
Given
R.T.F
[NaOH] = 0.10M
VNaOH = 1 drop
Vwater = 1000cm3
Basic Question 7
3.6.2
Determine the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution containing 0.10 M benzoic acid, C6H5COOH, and
0.10 M sodium benzoate, C6H5COONa. (Ka = 6.4 105)
Given
R.T.F
[C6H5COOH] = 0.10M
[C6H5COONa] = 0.10M
[H+] = ????
C6H5COONa(s)
0.10 M
Na+(aq)
0.10 M
+ C6H5COO(aq)
0.10 M
Initial
Change
Equilibrium
C6H5COOH(aq)
0.10 M
-x
0.10 x
H+(aq)
0
+x
x
+ C6H5COO(aq)
0.10
+x
x + 0.10
.
=
= . %
.
Since the result is < 10% of the original concentration (0.10 M) , so the assumption is valid.
[H+(aq)] = 6.4 105 M
Basic Question 8
3.7.1
Basic Question 10
3.9.4
NH3(g) + H2O(l)
NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)
f) CaO(s) + 2H+(aq) Ca2+(aq) + H2O(l)
g) SO3(g) + NaOH(aq) (net ionic reaction)
SO3(g) + 2OH-(aq) SO42-(aq) + H2O(l)
Basic Question 11
3.9.4
Calculate Ka of a weak acid given [H+] in solution given mass of acid and
volume of solution
If 23 grams of formic acid, HCOOH, are dissolved in 10.0 litres of water at 20C, the [H +] is found to be
3.0 103 M. Calculate Ka.
Given
R.T.F
mHCOOH = 23g
Vsoln= 10.0L
[H+] = 3.0 10-3 M
Ka = ??
23
= 0.50 mole
46
n 0.50
[HCOOH] =
= 0.050 M
=
V
10
n acid =
HCOOH(aq)
10
HCOO-(aq)
H+(aq)
[initial]
Part that dissolves
[Equilibrium]
0.050 M
-x
0.050 -x
0M
+x
+x
0M
+x
+x
[H + ][HCOO- ]
= 1.9 10-4
[HCOOH]
[+ ]
Ka =
(. )
.
= 1.8 10-4
Basic Question 12
3.9.4
A chemist dissolved 25 grams of CH3COOH in enough water to make one liter of solution. What is the
concentration of this acetic acid solution? What is the concentration of H+(aq)? Assume a negligible
change in [CH3COOH] because of dissociation to H+(aq).
Given
R.T.F
mCH3COOH = 25g
[H+] = ??
Vsolution = 1L
25
= 0.42 mole
60
n 0.42
[CH3COOH] =
=
= 0.42 M
V
1
n of acid =
[initial]
Part that dissolves
[Equilibrium]
CH3COOH(aq)
0.42 M
-
0.42 -
11
CH3COO-(aq)
0
+
H+(aq)
0
+
Ka =
[H + ][CH 3COO- ]
= 1.8 10-5
[CH 3COOH]
x2
= 1.8 10-5
0.42 - x
[H+] = =
assume <<0.42
.
=
= . %
.
Since the result is < 10% of the original concentration (0.42 M) , so the assumption is valid.
[H+(aq)] = 2.7 10-3 M
GT
pH = 5
pH = - log [H+]
[H+] = 1.0 10-5 M
acidic
b) What is [H+] in a solution of pH = 8? Is the solution acidic or basic? What is [OH] in the same
solution?
Given
R.T.F
pH = 8
[OH-] = ??
pH = - log [H+]
[H+] = 1.0 10-8 M
[OH-] = 1.0 10-6 M
basic
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Basic Question 14
3.9.4
Potassium nitrate is a salt that dissolves in water in an endothermic process. What happens to the
temperature and pH of the water in which it is dissolved?
Process is endothermic temperature drops
KNO3 is the product of the strong acid, HNO3, and strong base, KOH. Therefore, it is neutral
pH remains 7
Notes:
There are different types of salts
Acidic salt
Basic salt
Neutral salt
Made up of
what
strong acid
weak base
strong base
weak acid
strong acid
strong base
pH
less than 7
greater than 7
equal to 7
Examples
NH4Cl
Cu(NO3)2
CH3COONa
Na2CO3
NaCl
KNO3
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Sample Questions
In all multiple choice, more than one answer could be correct.
3.1 Electrolytesstrong or weak
Sample Question 1
An electrolyte is a substance that dissolves in water giving ions
An electrolyte is a substance
a) that contains metal.
b) that produces electricity.
c) whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current.
d) which dissolves in water to give positive and negative ions.
e) that is made up of ions in the pure state.
Sample Question 2
A strong electrolyte dissolves in water giving ions exclusively (nothing else)
A strong electrolyte is a substance
a) that contains metal.
b) which dissolves in water and exclusively gives positive and negative ions.
c) which dissolves in water to give positive and negative ions.
d) that is made up of ions in the pure state.
e) whose particles in water dissociate only partially into ions.
Sample Question 3
A weak electrolyte dissolves in water giving ions to a limited extent
A weak electrolyte is a substance
a) that contains metal.
b) which dissolves in water and exclusively gives positive and negative ions.
c) which dissolves in water to give positive and negative ions.
d) what is made up of ions in the pure state.
e) whose particles in water dissociate only partially into ions.
14
Sample Question 4
Examples and electric conductivity of strong and weak electrolytes
Which of the following statements about electrolyte is true?
a) an electrolyte conducts electricity strongly if it is a strong electrolyte, weakly if it is a weak
electrolyte.
b) an example of a strong electrolyte is HCl.
c) an example of a weak electrolyte is acetic acid, CH3COOH.
d) an example of a strong electrolyte is NaOH.
e) an example of a strong electrolyte is HNO3.
3.1.1 Water: A weak electrolyte
Sample Question 5
For water, Kw = 1014 and in pure water [OH] = [H+] = 1.00 107 M
Which of the following is true about water at 25C?
a) Water is a weak electrolyte.
b) All of the particles in pure liquid water are H2O(l)
c) [OH] = [H+] = 1.00 107 M.
d) [OH] = [H+] = 1.00 1014 M.
e) Water is a good example of a strong electrolyte.
3.1.2 How Kw changes with temperature
Sample Question 6
Dissociation of H2O absorbs energy, causing Kw to increase with temperature
The dissociation of water is endothermic. Which of the following statements is true if the temperature of
the system was increased?
H2O(l) + 57.2 kJ H+(aq) + OH(aq)
Kw = [H+][OH] = 1014
a) equilibrium will be reached more rapidly but Kw remains constant
b) Kw would decrease with increasing temperature.
c) With increasing temperature the equilibrium will shift to the right, increasing the
concentrations of [H+] and [OH], so increasing the value of Kw.
d) With increasing temperature the equilibrium will shift to the left, decreasing the concentrations of
[H+] and [OH], so decreasing the value of Kw.
15
K w = [H + ][OH - ]
[OH - ] =
K w 1.010-14
=
= 1.010-4 M
+
-10
[H ] 1.010
16
Sample Question 10
Why yellow CrO42 changes orange Cr2O72, when H+ is added
Look at the equation: 2CrO42(aq) + 2H+(aq) Cr2O72(aq) + H2O
When a few drops of acid are added to CrO42(aq), the color changes to orange, this is because:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
17
Sample Question 13
Operational definition of an acid
Which of the following is (or is a part of) the operational definition of an acid?
a) It contains hydrogen.
b) It contains oxygen.
c) Its aqueous solution conducts an electric current.
d) If its aqueous solution is added to zinc metal, hydrogen gas is liberated.
e) If blue litmus paper is dipped in its aqueous solution, it turns to red.
f) If red litmus paper is dipped in its aqueous solution, it turns to blue.
g) It tastes sour and bitter at the same time.
h) If feels slippery, like soap.
Which of the following is a property of HCl(aq) solutions?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Acids react with bases, carbonates and metals. Which of the following reactions produces gases?
[-A-]
[-B-]
[-C-]
[-D-]
[-E-]
base carbonate
metal
18
Sample Question 15
Conceptual definition of an acid
Which of the following is (or is a part of) the conceptual definition of an acid?
a) It contains hydrogen.
b) It contains oxygen.
c) It can increase the [OH(aq)] in aqueous solution.
d) Its aqueous solution conducts an electric current.
e) If its aqueous solution is added to zinc metal, hydrogen gas is liberated.
f) It can increase the [H+(aq)] in aqueous solution.
g) If blue litmus paper is dipped in its aqueous solution, it turns to red.
h) If red litmus paper is dipped in its aqueous solution, it turns to blue.
i) It tastes sour and bitter at the same time.
j) If feels slippery, like soap.
Sample Question 16
Recognize an acid in an equation by using its conceptual definition
Which of the following equations shows that the underlined substance is an acid?
a) HCl(g)
H+(aq) + Cl(aq)
b) NaOH(s)
Na+(aq) + OH(aq)
c) CH3COOH(l) H+(aq) + CH3COO(aq)
3.2.2 Bases
Operational definition of a base
Sample Question 17
Examples of bases
Which of the following is an example of (or contains) a base?
a) Vinegar.
b) Ammonia solution.
c) Yoghurt.
d) NaOH.
e) H2SO4
19
Sample Question 18
Operational definition of a base
Which of the following is (or is a part of) the operational definition of a base?
a) It contains hydrogen.
b) It contains oxygen.
c) Its aqueous solution conducts an electric current.
d) If its aqueous solution is added to zinc metal, hydrogen gas is liberated.
e) If blue litmus paper is dipped in its aqueous solution, it turns to red.
f) If red litmus paper is dipped in its aqueous solution, it turns to blue.
g) It tastes sour and bitter at the same time.
h) It feels slippery, like soap.
An excess of acid in the stomach causes indigestion and can be cured by anti-acid tablets. These tablets
are:
a) acidic in nature.
b) basic in nature.
c) neutral substances.
d) indicators.
e) litmus solutions.
Sample Question 19
Conceptual definition of a base
Which of the following is (or is a part of) the conceptual definition of a base?
a) It contains hydrogen.
b) It contains oxygen.
c) It can increase the [OH(aq)] in aqueous solution.
d) Its aqueous solution conducts an electric current.
e) It can decrease the [H+(aq)] in aqueous solution.
f) If its aqueous solution is added to zinc metal, hydrogen gas is liberated.
g) It can increase the [H+(aq)] in aqueous solution.
h) If blue litmus paper is dipped in its aqueous solution, it turns to red.
i) If red litmus paper is dipped in its aqueous solution, it turns to blue.
j) It tastes sour and bitter at the same time.
k) It feels slippery, like soap.
Sample Question 20
Recognize a base in an equation by using the conceptual definition
Which of the following equations shows that the underlined substance is a base?
a) HCl(g)
H+(aq) + Cl(aq)
b) NaOH(s)
Na+(aq) + OH(aq)
c) CH3COOH(l) H+(aq) + CH3COO(aq)
20
3.2.3
Oxides
Sample Question 21
Identify basic oxides
Which of the following oxides is/are basic?
(Basic oxides are metal oxides except Al2O3, ZnO, PbO that are amphoteric)
a) CaO
b) CO2
c) Na2O
d) P4O10
e) K2O
f) CuO
g) H2O
h) MgO
i) ZnO
Sample Question 22
Identify acidic oxides
Which of the following oxides is/are acidic?
(Acidic oxides are non-metal oxides except NO, H2O, CO and N2O that are neutral )
a) CaO
b) CO2
c) N2O
d) P4O10
e) K2O
f) CuO
g) H2O
h) MgO
i) ZnO
21
Sample Question 23
Identify amphoteric oxides
Which of the following oxides is/are amphoteric?
a) Al2O3
b) CO2
c) Na2O
d) P4O10
e) K2O
f) CuO
g) H2O
h) MgO
i) ZnO
j) PbO
Sample Question 24
Identify neutral oxides
Which of the following oxides is/are neutral?
a) CaO
b) CO2
c) CO
d) P4O10
e) K2O
f) CuO
g) H2O
h) NaO
i) Al2O3
j) NO
Sample Question 25
Identify an element whose oxide reacts with bases
Which of the following elements has an oxide that forms a salt with an alkali?
a) N
b) Na
c) Ne
d) Ni
e) Mn
22
Sample Question 26
Identify the nature of an oxide, XO, given the position of X in the Periodic Table
Element X is on the left-hand side of the Periodic Table. Which of the following is true about its oxide?
[-A-]
[-B-]
[-C-]
[-D-]
[-E-]
Type of oxide
metallic
metallic
non- metallic
non- metallic
metallic
Nature of oxide
acidic
basic
acidic
basic
neutral
3.3 Salts
3.3.1 Methods of preparing salts
Preparation of soluble salts by the action of an acid upon a metal
Preparation of soluble salts by the action of an acid upon a basic metal oxide
(Neutralization)
Sample Question 27
Identify the best method to produce a given salt
Which of the following is the best method to prepare ZnSO4 from H2SO4 and ZnO?
a) titrate ZnO(s) against H2SO4.
b) Mix equal amounts of the two reagents and crystallize.
c) Add ZnO to excess acid solution.
d) Add excess ZnO to acid solution.
e) All of the above work.
Preparation of soluble salts by the action of an acid upon a metal hydroxide
(Neutralization)
Preparation of soluble salts by the action of an acid upon an acid upon a carbonate (hydrogen carbonate)
Preparation of soluble salts by the action of an acid upon sulfites
Preparation of soluble salts by the action of an acid upon sulfides
23
24
25
When a drop of universal indicator is added to sodium hydroxide solution, the clourless liquid turns:
a) red
b) yellow
c) orange
d) green
e) purple
When a drop of universal indicator is added to water, the clourless liquid turns:
a) red
b) yellow
c) orange
d) green
e) purple
Sample Question 35
Know that the [H+] changes most drastically when the amount of base added to the acid is just
about equal
A base is added a drop at a time to an acid solution. The [H+] changes most drastically from one drop to
the next when the total moles of OH added to the acid is
a) a tiny fraction of the moles of H+ originally present.
b) about ten times the moles of acid originally present.
c) just about equal to the moles of acid originally present.
d) about a half of the number of moles of acid originally present.
e) about 1.0 107 times the number of moles of acid originally present.
Sample Question 36
Know that at the equivalence point [H+] = [OH-]
What is exactly equal at the equivalence point?
The equivalence point, or stoichiometric point, of a chemical reaction when a titrant is added and is
stoichiometrically equal to the amount of moles of substance (known as analyte) present in the
sample: the smallest amount of titrant that is sufficient to fully neutralize or react with the analyte.
In an acid base titration, it is when [H+] = [OH-]
Know what a pH meter is.
What is a pH meter?
It is an instrument used to measure the pH of the solution.
26
3.5.5
Sample Question 37
Know the color of phenolphthalein in acidic and basic solutions
Phenolphthalein is colored
a) blue in acid and red in base.
b) red in acid and blue in base.
c) colorless in acid and pink in base.
d) pink in acid and colorless in base.
e) red in acid and yellow in base.
Sample Question 38
In titrations with phenolphthalein, the basic solution is placed in the burette
In titrations using phenolphthalein, what is the solution placed in the burette?
a) The acid.
b) The base.
c) Either the base or the acid may be used.
d) Phenolphthalein.
e) A mixture of the two solutions.
Sample Question 39
Recognize the end-point of an acid-base titration
You realize that the end-point of an acid-base titration with phenolphthalein has been reached when
a) all the base finishes.
b) all the acid finishes.
c) you see the solution become neutral.
d) the addition of a single drop turns the liquid in the burette pink.
e) the addition of a single drop turns the liquid in the burette colorless.
f) the addition of a single drop turns the liquid in the flask pink.
g) the addition of a single drop turns the liquid in the flask colorless.
Sample Question 40
In titrations, how the volume of base used is determined
In titrations, the volume of base used is determined by
a) taking the last reading of the burette.
b) taking the last reading of the pipette.
c) taking the first reading of the burette.
d) taking the first reading of the pipette.
e) taking the difference between the last and first reading of the burette.
f) taking the difference between the last and first reading of the pipette.
27
Sample Question 41
Calculate the concentration of an acid
In an acid-base titration, the end point was reached when the final reading of the burette was 42.50 ml. If
the initial reading was 2.50 ml, the concentration of the base was 0.400 M, and the volume of base used
was 40.00 ml, then the concentration of the monobasic acid is
a) 0.400 M
b) 4.00 M
c) 0.200 M
d) 2.00 M
e) 8.00 M
f) 0.800 M
Volume of base = 42.50 2.50 = 40.0 ml
number of moles of acid = number of moles of base
CV = CV
C x 40.00 = 0.400 x 40.00
C of acid 0.400 M
3.5.6 Other indicators
Sample Question 42
Know the color of methyl orange in acidic and basic solutions
Methyl orange is colored
a) blue in acid and red in base.
b) red in acid and blue in base.
c) colorless in acid and pink in base.
d) pink in acid and colorless in base.
e) red in acid and yellow in base.
3.5.7
pH
Sample Question 43
Know that pH = log10 [H+]
pH is defined as
a) log10 [H+]
b) log10 [OH]
c) log10 [H+]
d) log10 [H+]
e) 10 log [H+]
f) 10 log [OH]
28
Sample Question 44
Find the pH, given the [H+]
Given that in a solution [H+] = 1.0 105, the pH is
a) 5
b) +5
c) +log10 [5]
d) 105
e) 105
f) 105
g) 105
pH = - log [H+] = - log (1.0 x 10-5) = + 5
Sample Question 45
Find the pH, given the [OH]
Given that in a solution [OH] = 1.0 106, the pH is
a) 6
b) +6
c) +log10 [6]
d) 8
e) 8
K w = [H + ][OH - ]
[H + ] =
Kw
1.010-14
=
= 1.010-8 M
[OH - ] 1.010-6
pH = -log[H + ] = -log(1.010-8 ) = +8
Sample Question 46
Know the pH of neutral water
The pH of neutral water is
a) 0
b) +1
c) 1
d) 6
e) 7
f) 14
29
Sample Question 47
Know the pH change that occurs when an acidic/basic oxide is dissolved in water
A solution is made by adding sodium oxide to water. What pH change occurs?
a) 1 7
b) 7 1
c) 7 12
d) 12 7
e) pH does not change
pH paper
Sample Question 48
Know the use of pH paper
pH paper is paper which is used to
a) measure the acid constant.
b) measure the base constant.
c) measure exactly the pH of a solution.
d) determine approximately the pH of a solution.
e) find out if an indicator is present in a solution.
pH meter
3.6 Strengths of Acids
3.6.1
Weak acids
Sample Question 49
Know what a strong acid is and recognize an example of it
A strong acid and an example of it, is an acid
a) with a sour taste like CH3COOH (vinegar).
b) which holds strongly to its hydrogen ion in water, CH3COOH.
c) which is completely dissociated by water into H+(aq) and a negative ion, like
HCl(aq) H+(aq) + Cl(aq)
d) which is partially dissociated by water into H+(aq) and a negative ion, like
CH3COOH(aq) H+(aq) + CH3COOH(aq)
e) which has a small dissociation constant, like
CH3COOH(aq) H+(aq) + CH3COOH(aq)
Ka= 1.8 105
f) which has a large dissociation constant, like HCl(aq) H+(aq) + Cl(aq) Ka= large
30
Sample Question 50
Know what a weak acid is and recognize an example of it
A weak acid and an example of it, is an acid
a) with a strong sour taste like CH3COOH (vinegar).
b) which holds strongly to its hydrogen ion in water, CH3COOH.
c) which is completely dissociated by water into H+(aq) and a negative ion, like
HCl(aq) H+(aq) + Cl(aq)
d) which is partially dissociated by water into H+(aq) and a negative ion, like
CH3COOH(aq) H+(aq) + CH3COO(aq)
e) which has a small dissociation constant, like
CH3COOH(aq) H+(aq) + CH3COO(aq)
Ka= 1.8 105
f) which has a large dissociation constant, like HCl(aq) H+(aq) + Cl(aq) Ka= large
Sample Question 51
Recognize the weakest acid in a given list
Which of these acids is weakest?
Hint: The weakest acid is the one that has the lowest or smallest Ka value)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Ka =1.8 105
Ka =1.0 107
Ka = Very large
Ka = 5.7 1010
Ka = 1.8 1016
Ka = Large
Sample Question 52
Identify as ammonia the gas that increases the pH of water if it is bubbled in it
Gas X is passed into water. The pH of water changes from 7 to 10. Identify X.
It may be Ammonia gas
3.6.2
31
Sample Question 53
Experimental determination of Ka
To determine Ka =
[ + ][ ]
[]
RTF: K = ??
HB H+ (aq) + B- (aq)
If [H+] = 2.0 x 10-4 M, then [B-] = 2.0 x 10-4 M
Ka =
Ka =
[+ ][ ]
[]
(2.010-4 )(2.010-4 )
= 2.010-6
0.020
Calculation of [H+]
3.6.3 Acid-base reactions
Other conceptual definitions of acids and bases
A general representation of acid-base reactions
Sample Question 54
An acid is a proton donor and a base a proton acceptor
We may define an acid and a base, respectively, as
a) a compound with hydrogen and a compound without hydrogen
b) a proton acceptor and a proton donor
c) a proton donor and a proton acceptor
d) substances that neutralize each other.
e) substances that change the color of an acid-base indicator
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Sample Question 55
Recognize equation of an acid donating a proton to a base
In which of the following equations is the underlined reagent an acid?
a) H2CO3(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) Na2CO3(aq) + 2H2O(l)
b) H2SO4(aq) + NH3(aq) (NH4)2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
c) H2SO3(aq) + 2NH4OH(aq) (NH4)2SO3(aq) + 2H2O(l)
d) H3O+(aq) + SO32-(aq) HSO3-(aq) + H2O(l)
e) H3O+(aq) + SO32-(aq) HSO3-(aq) + H2O(l)
f) CH3COOH(aq) + NH3(aq) NH4+(aq) + CH3COO(aq)
g) CH3COOH(aq) + NH3(aq) NH4+(aq) + CH3COO(aq)
Hydronium ion in the proton transfer theory of acids
Contrast of Acid-Base Definitions
3.7 Some Common Acids and Bases
3.7.1 Common acids
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Sulfuric acid
Sulfurous acid
Phosphoric acid
Acetic acid
Carbonic acid
Sample Question 56
Recognize some common strong or weak acids
Which of the following is/are strong acid(s)?
a) HCl(g)
b) H2O
c) H2SO4
d) HNO3
e) CH3COOH(aq)
f) CO2(g)
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Sample Question 57
Recognize a diprotic acid
Which of the following acids is/are diprotic?
a) HCl(g)
b) H2O(l)
c) H2SO4
d) HNO3
e) CH3COOH(aq)
f) H2SO3
g) H3PO4
Sample Question 58
Know which oxides dissolve to give diprotic acids in water
Which of the following oxides dissolves in water producing a diprotic acid solution?
a) MgO
b) SO3(l)
c) H2SO4
d) HNO3
e) NO2(aq)
3.7.2 Common bases
Sodium hydroxide
Calcium hydroxide
Ammonia
Sample Question 59
Recognize some common strong or weak bases
Which of the following is/are weak base(s)?
a) NaOH(s)
b) KOH
c) NH3(g)
d) CH3COOH(aq)
e) CO2(g)
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NaOH(s)
Na+(aq) + OH(aq)
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
CaCl2 (aq) + Na2CO3 (aq) CaCO3 (s) + 2Na+(aq) + 2Cl(aq)
CO2(g) + H2O(l) H2CO3(aq)
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Sample Question 64
A salt of a strong base and a weak acid in water is basic
The soluble salt of a weak acid and strong base is dissolved in water. The resulting solution
a) is neutral.
b) conducts electric current.
c) turns litmus to red.
d) turns litmus to blue.
e) is acidic.
f) is basic.
g) contains more H+(aq) than OH(aq).
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Sample Question 65
Classify a given salt as acidic, basic or neutral
Classify the following salts: Ba(NO3)2, RbBr, AlCl3, CH3COOK.
Ba(NO3)2 is neutral, RbBr is neutral, AlCl3 is acidic, CH3COOK is basic.
Sample Question 66
Recognize salts which have basic aqueous solutions
Which of the following salts gives a basic aqueous solution?
a) NaCl
b) CaCl2
c) C17H35COONa(s) [soap]
d) CH3COONa
e) Na2CO3
f) NH4Cl
g) AlCl3
Sample Question 67
Anions (negatively charged ions) of weak acids are bases
Which of the following ions give basic properties to an aqueous solution?
a) Cl
b) Al3+
c) Ca2+
d) C17H35COO [soap]
e) CH3COO
f) CO32
g) NH4+
3.8.3 Reaction of a strong acid with a weak base
Mixing a strong acid with a weak base
Sample Question 68
Reaction between strong acid and weak base
When a strong acid and weak base react in quantities that contain equal number of moles of H+ and OH,
a) salt and water are formed.
b) the resulting solution will be neutral.
c) a precipitate forms.
d) a gas forms.
e) the resulting solution is acidic.
f) the resulting solution is basic.
g) the resulting solution contains more H+(aq) than OH(aq).
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Sample Question 69
A salt of a strong acid and a weak base in water is acidic
The soluble salt of a strong acid and weak base is dissolved in water. The resulting solution
a) is neutral.
b) conducts electric current.
c) turns litmus to red.
d) turns litmus to blue.
e) is acidic.
f) is basic.
g) contains more H+(aq) than OH(aq).
Sample Question 70
Recognize salts which have acidic aqueous solutions
Which of the following salts gives an acidic aqueous solution?
a) NaCl
b) CaCl2
c) C17H35COONa(s) [soap]
d) CH3COONa
e) Na2CO3
f) NH4Cl
g) AlCl3
Sample Question 71
Cations (positively charged ions) of weak bases are acids
Which of the following ions give(s) an aqueous solution with acidic properties?
a) Cl
b) Al3+
c) Ca2+
d) C17H35COO [soap]
e) CH3COO
f) CO32
g) NH4+
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3.9.3
Sample Question 76
Non-metal oxides are acids
Which of the following compounds react with water to give an acidic solution?
a) SO3(g)
b) CO2(g)
c) KOH
d) CaO(s)
e) SO2(g)
f) NH3(g)
g) K2O(s)
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Sample Question 77
Metal oxides are bases
Which of the following compounds react with water to give a basic solution?
a) SO3(g)
b) CO2(g)
c) KOH
d) CaO(s)
e) SO2(g)
f) NH3(g)
g) K2O(s)
Sample Question 78
Know that Cl2 and NO2 dissolve in water forming two acids
Which of the following forms two acids once dissolved in water?
a) NO2(g)
b) Cl2(g)
c) SO3
d) NO(s)
e) SO2(g)
3.9.4 Summary of acid-base reactions
3.9.5 Demonstration: acid-base-reaction in the absence of water
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