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JOSE RIZAL IN ATENEO (1872-1877) AND IN UST (1877-1882)

June 10, 1872 - took the entrance examination,

which covered reading, arithmetic, and Catholoc
doctrines, at Colegio de San Juan de Letran.
Ateneo Municipal - formerly known as Escuela
Pia
Fr. Magin Ferrando - college registrar of
Ateneo ; refused to admit Rizal.
Reasons: (1) he was late for registration
(2) he was sickly and undersized for his
age
Manuel Xerxes Burgos - finally admitted Jose
Rizal
Jose was the first of his family to adopt the
surname Rizal
Boarding house at Caraballo St. (outside
Intramuros) - 1st boarding house which was
owned by Titay.

JESUIT/ATENEAN SYSTEM OF EDUCATION

It trained the character of the student by rigid
discipline and religious instruction.
It promoted physical culture, fine arts and
scientific studies.
Aside from academic courses leading to the
degree of A.B it offered vocational courses in
agriculture, commerce,surveying and
mechanics.
Students were divided into 2 groups: Roman
Empire (internos or boarders) and
Carthaginian Empire (externos/nonboarders).
Ranks in each empire:

Ratio Studiorum - the method of instruction in

Ateneo
-a system of indoctrination under tight and
constant discipline, with every incentive of
compensation and reward.
Atenean education at that time pursued one aim Ad majorem Dei gloriam or For the greater
glory of God. Thus, the ultimate task of Jesuit
teacher was to make lifelong Catholics.
RIZALS FIRST YEAR IN ATENEO (18721873)
Fr. Jose Bech - Rizals first teacher in Ateneo
Rizal became the emperor after one month.
To improve his Spanish, Rizal took private
lessons in Santa Isabel College during the
noon recesses. He paid 3 pesos for those extra
Spanish lessons.

In the 2nd half of his year in Ateneo, Rizal did not

try hard enough to retain his scholarship.
SUMMER VACATION (1873)
Without telling his father, he went to Santa Cruz
and visited his mother in prison.
No. 6 Magallanes St. (inside Intamuros) - Doa
Pepay was the landlady
SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO (1873-1874)
He studied harder and became an emperor once
again.
At the end of school year, Rizal received excellent
grades in all subjects and a gold medal.
With such scholastic honors he triumphantly
returned to Calamba in March 1874 for summer
vacation.
SUMMER VACATION (1874)
He went to Santa Cruz to visit his mother in the
jail.
Rizal interpreted the dream of his mother and
said to her that she would be released from
prison in 3 months time. Rizals prophecy
became true.
Rizal began to take interest in reading romantic
novels.
The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander
Dumas - first favourite novel of Rizal
Universal history by Cesar Cantu - was a
great aid in his studies and enabled him to win
more prizes in Ateneo.
Travels in the Philippines by Dr. Feodor
Jagor- Rizal was impressed because of 2
reasons: (1)Jagors keen observations of the
defects of the Spanish colonization; and (2) his
prophecy that someday Spain would lose
Philippines and that America would come to
succeed her as colonizer.
THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO (1874-1875)
His mother arrived and joyously told him that she
was released from prison.
Rizal did not make an excellent showing in his
studies.
FOURTH YEAR IN ATENEO (1875-1876)
June 14, 1875 - he became an internee in the
Ateneo.
Fr. Francisco Sanchez - inspired Rizal to study
harder and write poetry.
-he was Rizals most beloved professor in the
Ateneo.
Rizal won 5 medals at the end of the school
term.
LAST YEAR IN ATENEO (1876-1877)
He obtained the highest grades in all subjects.

GRADUATION WITH HIGHEST HONORS

March 23, 1877 - Rizal (16 years old) received
the degree of Bachelor of Arts with highest
honors.
3 factors of his success:
1. Racial Pride
2. Monastic Discipline;
3. Seclusion of boarding school life
EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES AT ATENEO
Rizal was an active member of the following
societies in Ateneo:
A. Marian Congregation - he was the secretary
B. Academy of Spanish Literature
C. Academy of Natural Sciences
Agustin Saez - a Spanish painter whom Rizal
took lessons in painting.
Romualdo de Jesus - whom Rizal took lessons in
sculpture.
Image of Our Virgin Mary - carved by Jose
Rizal on a piece of batikuling.
Fr. Lleonart -requested him to carve for him an
image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
He continued his physical training.
POEMS WRITTEN IN ATENEO
Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration)
(1874) - first poem in Ateneo.
-dedicated to his mother on her birthday.
Poems in 1875:
1. Felicitacion (Felicitation)
2. El Embarque: Himno a la Flota de Magallanes
(The Departure: Hymn to Magellans Fleet)
3. Y Es Espaol: Elano, el Primero en dar Vuelta
el Mundo (And He is Spanish: Elcano, the First
to Circumnavigate the World)
4. El Combate: Urbiztondo, Terror de Jolo (The
Battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo)
Poems in 1876
1. La Tragedia de San Eustaquio (The Tragedy of
St. Eustace) - recounts the tragic story of St.
Eustace.
2. Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo (In Memory of
My Town) - in honor of Calamba
3. Alianza Intima Entre la Religion y la
Bueno Educacion (Intimate Alliance
Between Religion and Good Education)
4. Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria
( Through Education the Country
Receives Light)
5. El Coutiverio y el Triunfo: Batalla de Lucena y
Prision de Boadbil (The Captivity and the
Triumph: Battle of Lucena and the
Imprisonment of Boadbil) - describes the
defeat and capture of Boadbil, last Moorish
sultan of Granada.
6. La Entrada Triunfal de los Reyes Catolicos en
Granda (The Triumphal Entry of the Catholic
Monarchs into Granada)- relates the victorious

entry of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

into Granada, last Moorish stronghold in
Spain.
Poems in 1877 (last year in Ateneo)
1. El Heroismo de Colon ( The Heroism of
Columbus) - praises Columbus, the discoverer
of America
2. Colon y Juan II (Columbus and John II) -relates
how King John II of Portugal missed fame and
riches by his failure to finance the projected
expedition of Columbus to the New World.
3. Gran Conseulo en la Mayor Desdicha (Great
Comfort in Great Misfortune) -a legend in verse
of the voyage of Columbus.
4. Un Dialogo Alusivo a la Despedida de los
Colegiales (A Farewell Dialogue of the Students)
-last poem written in Ateneo. A poignant poem
of farewell to his classmates.
Poems on Education:
1. Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria
(Through Education the Country Receives
Light) - Rizal believed in the significant role in
which education plays in the progress and
welfare of a nation.
-compared education to a lighthouse,
considering that it can guide people in their
behaviours and actions
-singled out the benefits that a country and its
people can reap from a wise or prudent
education
-believed that through education the country
could have a pool of educated youth who can
steer it to progress.
-message: people have to seek knowledge.
-Prudent education consists of 3 vital
components: education for truth and
knowledge; education for refinement; education
for love of ones country.
2. Alianza Intima Entre la Religion y la
Bueno Educacion (Intimate Alliance
Between Religion and Good Education) to him, education without God is not true
education.
-religion serves as a guide and nourishment to
true education.
POEMS ON RELIGION
1, Al Nio Jesus (To the Child Jesus)
(1875)- Rizal expressed his devotion to the
Catholic faith
2. A la Virgen Maria (To the Virgin Mary)
FIRST ROMANCE OF RIZAL
Segunda Katigbak
RIZAL IN UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
(1877-1882)
Doa Teodora did not want Rizal to study
anymore.

April 1877 - enrolled in UST taking Philosophy

and Letters
Reasons: (1) his father liked it
(2) failure to solicit the advice of Fr. Pablo
Ramon,
rector of Ateneo, who
was in Mindanao.
1877-1878 - Rizal enrolled surveying course in
Ateneo. He was conferred the title on November
25, 1881 since he was underage when he
passed the final examination in this course.
1878-1879 - Rizal shifted to medicine
Reasons: (1) he wanted to be a physician so
that he might cure his mothers failing
eyesight
(2) Fr. Pablo Ramon recommended
medicine
ROMANCES WITH OTHER GIRLS
Miss L -young woman in Calamba
Reasons for his change of heart:
(1) the sweet memory of Segunda was still in
his heart
(2) his father objected to the match
Leonor Valenzuela (Orang) - he sent her love
notes written in invisible ink.
Leonor Rivera (Taimis)- his cousin from
Camiling
VICTIM OF SPANISH OFFICERS BRUTALITY
Summer vacation in 1880 - a lieutenant of the
Guardia Civil brutally slashed Rizal on the back.
IMPORTANT LITERARY WORKS AS A
UNIVERSITY STUDENT
A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth)
(1879) -submitted to the Liceo ArtisticoLiterario (Artistic-Literary Lyceum) of Manila
who held a literary contest.
-first prize (silver pen, feather-shaped and
decorated with a golden ribbon)
-Rizal beseeched the Filipino youth to rise from
lethargy to let his genius fly swifter than the
wind and descend with art and science to break
the chain that has long bound the poetic genius
of the country.
-classic in Philippine literature for 2 reasons:
(1) it was the first great poem in Spanish
written by a Filipino, recognized by the Spanish
authorities;
(2) it was the first expression of the nationalistic
concept that the Filipinos were the fair hope of
the motherland.
-it can be considered to be Rizals first
testimony of his nationalism.
-Philippines - his motherland, Mi Patria
-youth - the fair hope of the motherland.
Rizal challenged the youth of his day to do 3
things:

(a)to cultivate their talents in the arts

(b)to develop their knowledge of the sciences
(c) to look forward and break their chain of
bondage
El Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of the
Gods) (1880) - an allegory in prose submitted
by Rizal to the Artistic-Literary Lyceum in 1880.
-it was allegory in praise of Cervantes as coequal of Homer and Virgil
-the entry was judged the best entry in the
competition but upon discovering that its
author was a Filipino, the jury decided to confer
the prize to a Spaniard.
Junto al Pasig (Beside the Pasig) (1880) - it is
a one-act play written by Rizal at the request of
the Jesuits and was staged at Ateneo, in
connection with the celebration of the Feast
Day of Immaculate Concepcion.
A Filipinas (1880) - a sonnet written by Rizal
not only to praise the Philippines for its beauty
but to encourage Filipino artists to glorify the
country through their art works.
Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma (1879) - a poem
declaimed by an Atenean on December 8, 1879
in honor of Ateneos Patroness.
Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon, Rector del Ateneo,
en Sus Dias (1881) -poem written as an
expression of affection to Fr. Pablo Ramon
CHAMPION OF FILIPINO STUDENTS
Compaerismo (Comradeship) (1880) - secret
organization or society of Filipino students. The
members called themselves Companions of
Jehu
RIZALS UNHAPPY DAYS AT UST
Reasons why he was unhappy at UST:
(1) the Dominican professors were hostile to
him
(2) the Filipino students were racially
discriminated
(3) the method of instruction was obsolete and
repressive
3 factors according to Guerrero:
(1) Medicine, not Rizals real vocation
(2) Dissatisfaction with the Dominican system
of education
(3) The exciting distractions of youth
Rizal failed to win high scholastic honors.
DECISION TO STUDY ABROAD
Rizal decided to study in Spain.