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CHEMISTRY LAB I

(BKF1711)
2009/2010 Semester 1
Title of Experiment

: LIMITING REACTANT

Date of Experiment

: 21 JULY 2009

Date of Submission

: 28 JULY 2009

Instructors Name

: ENCIK KHAIRIL ANUAR BIN ABDUL HAMID

Group of Member

Name

ID

1. PARTHIBAN A/L SANDARAY

KA09151

2. MOHAMAD FAIZ BIN MOHAMED YATIM

KA09164

3. HO KAH SING

KA09153

4. SITI FAIZNUR BINTI DAUD

KA09167

5. SITI NORHASLINA BINTI HALIM

KA09156

6. AS ELEYANA BINTI ALI

KA09177

Group No.

:6

Section

: 31

Marks

:
Format
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results & Discussions
Conclusions
References
Appendices
TOTAL

5
15
25
5
35
5
5
5
100

FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES ENGINEERING


UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

ABSTRACT
Limiting reactant experiment consists of two objectives which are determining the
limiting reactant in a mixture of two soluble salts and determining the percent composition
of each substance in the mixture.
This experiment can be divided into two parts. In the first part, students are given
a task to determine and observe the precipitation of Ba3(PO4)2 from the mixture of two
soluble salts which are Na3PO4.12H2O and BaCl2.2H2O.
In the second part, students need to carry out two tests to determine the limiting
reactant. The first one is test for excess PO43- by adding 0.5M BaCl2 and the second one is
test for excess Ba2+ by adding 0.5 M Na3PO4. Both this test are conducted to determine
which one is limiting reactant and which one is in excess by observing the existence of
precipitate in each test.
Throughout this experiment, students are exposed with common process and
methods like stirring, heating, measuring, weighing and observing in order to get the
precipitate and determine the limiting and excess reactant.

--------results
--------conclusion

CONTENT

TITLE

PAGE

ABSTRACT

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
EXERCISES

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
(Limiting reactant and excess reagent)

When a chemist carries out a reaction, the reactants are usually not present in
exact stoichiometric amounts that are in the proportions indicated by the balanced equation.
The goal of a reaction is to produce the maximum quantity of a useful compound from the
starting materials, frequently a large excess of one reactant is supplied to ensure that the
more expensive reactant is completely converted to the desired product. Consequently
some reactant will be left over at the end of the reaction. The reactant used up first in a
reaction is called the limiting reagent because the maximum amount of product formed
depends on how much of this reactant was originally present. When this reactant is used
up, no more products can be formed. Excess reagents are the reactants present in
quantities greater than necessary to react with the quantity of the limiting reactant.
(CHEMISTRY-EIGHT EDITION BY RAYMOND CHANG)
(Percent composition of a compound)
The formula of a compound tells us the numbers of atoms of each element in a
unit of the compound. However, suppose we needed to verify the purity of a compound for
use in a laboratory experiment. From the formula we could calculate what percent of the
total mass of the compound is contributed by each element. Hen by comparing the result to
the percent composition obtained experimentally for our sample, we could determine the
purity of the sample.
The percent composition by mass is the percent by mass of each element in a
compound. Mathematically the percent composition of an element in a compound is
expressed as:
n x molar mass of element
% composition of an element = --------------------------------------- x 100%
molar mass of compound
Sources from (http://www.fordhamprep.org/gcurran/sho/sho/lessons/lesson58.htm)
1.2 Objective
1. To determine the limiting reactant in a mixture of two soluble salts.
2. To determine the percent composition of each substance in the mixture.

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