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English:
" "Effect of thulium on Optical Properties of Tellurite glass
Arabic:
" "

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Alexandria University
Institute of Graduate Studies & Research
Department of Materials Science
Protocol for Master degree (2016 :(
Candidate:
- Sally yousri Mohamed Mohamed
Bachelor of Science (chemistry /environmental science), Faculty of science, Alexandria University, 2013
Title:

English:
"Effect of thulium on Optical Properties of Tellurite glass "
Arabic:
" "

Supervisors:
1. Prof. Mohamed Elsherbiny
Professor at Materials Science Department, Institute of Graduate
Studies & Research, Alexandria University.
/..
. - -
2. Prof. Samir Yousef Mohammed Marzouk.
Professor of Solid State Physics, Professor and head of Basic and
applied science department, Faculty of engineering and
Technology, Arab Academy of Science and Technology
/..


3.

Dr. Nehal Mohamed Elkhoshkhany

Ass. Prof. of Solid State Physics, Materials Science Department,
Institute of Graduate Studies & Research, Alexandria University.
/ .
. - -

Introduction :
Glass is a non-crystalline amorphous solid that is often transparent and has widespread practical,
technological, and decorative usage in, for example, window panes, tableware, and optoelectronics.
Scientifically, the term "glass" is defined in a broader sense, encompassing every solid that possesses a
non-crystalline (that is, amorphous) structure at the atomic scale and that exhibits a glass transition when
heated towards the liquid state.
TeO2 based glasses have attracted intense scientific interest because of their various interesting
properties, for instance low phonon energy, a large absorption and emission cross-section, wide
fluorescence effective line width[1].
The addition of Zn in tellurite network induced transformation and reconstruction of the network by
creating structural units that could link with one another in chains through TeOTe bridges found in the
crystalline form of tellurite [2] ,That gives good and stable glass-forming ability with a broad region [3].
The addition of ZnO into TeO2 glass network shifted the major band from 626 cm-1 (for pure TeO2
glass) to the band at around 669 cm-1. The increase of refractive index of the TeO2-ZnO glasses with
the addition of ZnO was best explained in terms of either electron density or polarizability of the ions.
The absorption edge shift to higher energy (shorter wavelength) with increasing ZnO content was
observed in this glass.
The optical properties of zinc tellurite glasses were found generally affected by the changes in the glass
composition. FTIR spectra of zinc tellurite glass revealed broad, weak and strong absorption bands in
the investigated range of wave numbers from 4000-400 cm-1 which associated with their corresponding
bond modes of vibration and the glass structure [4].
The alkali oxide addition M2O(where M=Li, Na, K, Rb or Cs) to TeO2 based glasses increases their
glass forming tendency and produces non-bridging oxygen (NBO) sites, which decrease the average
coordination number .Thus resulting in glasses that require only modest cooling over a specific range of
added modifier and resistant to crystallization[5].
It is found that the addition of Nb2O5 and Tm2O3 to TeO2 glass increases the refractive index value as
well as density. The refractive index of the glasses increases with increasing molar volume, tendency for
small energy band gap, optical band gap and metallization criterion [6].
Thulium tellurite glasses possessing high optical nonlinearity, as well as good visible and infrared
transmission, making them suitable materials for the fabrication of active optical devices [7]
Tellurite glasses in the systems such as TeO2Nb2O5, TeO2Nb2O5ZnO, TeO2Bi2O3ZnO, TeO2
TiO2BaO, TeO2TiO2Bi2O3 and TeO2TiO2Nb2O5 have been demonstrated to have excellent
nonlinear optical performances .Therefore; abundant researches are focused on producing new tellurite
glasses of improved optical properties [8].

Aim of the work:

The influence of rare-earth Tm+3 on the optical properties of tellurite
glass of the (TeO2-Li2O- ZnO- Nb2O5) system.
Plan of the work
Literature survey.
Preparation of Tellurite glass samples ( 75 TeO2- 5Li2O 10ZnO
(10-X ) Nb2O5- (X)Tm2O3 , where x=0, 0.5, 1 , 1.5 , 2 , and 2.5 mol% by melt
quenching.
Checking the structure of prepared materials by using X-ray
diffraction (XRD).
Density measurement, Molar volume and Oxygen backing density calculations.
Thermal measurements by using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) of the
glass samples at different heating
Optical properties of the prepared glasses will be studied using UV-visible and
FTIR Spectrophotometers.

References:

1. D.L. Sidebottom, M.A.H., B.G. Potter, R.K. Brow, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 222 (1997)282.
2. tellurite [Moawad et al. (2001); Marjanovic et al. (2003)]
3. Kozhukharov, V., S. Neov, I. Gerasimova and P. Mikula, 1986. Neutron diffraction investigation
of atellurite-tungstate glass. J. Mater. Sci., 21: 1707-1714. DOI:10.1007/BF01114729
4. J. He et al., Spectroscopic analysis of the structure and properties of alkali tellurite glasses, J.
Am. Ceram. Soc., no. 75, pp. 277-281, 1992
5. V. Dimitrov, T. Komatsu, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 249 (1999) 160
6. A. Berthereau, E. Fargin, A. Villezusanne, J. Solid State Chem. 126 (1996)
7. http://www.google.com/patents/US5283212
8. M.A. Villegas, J.M. Fernandez Navarro, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 27 (2007) 2715

Role of Supervisors
1.

Prof. Mohamed Elsherbiny

Suggesting the research point, supervising the specimens
testing and measurements, results interpretation, and thesis
writing.
/..

.

2.

Prof. Samir Yousef Mohammed Marzouk.

Suggesting the research point, supervising the specimens
testing and optical and thermal measurements, results
interpretation, and thesis writing
/..

.

3.

Dr. Nehal Mohamed Elkhoshkhany

Suggesting the research point, supervising the specimens
testing and optical and thermal measurements, results
interpretation, and thesis writing.
/ .

.R&D