Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Turbidity:
Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of
individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to
smoke in air. The measurement of turbidity is a key test of water quality.
OR
Turbidity is a measure of the degree to which the water loses its
transparency due to the presence of suspended particulates.
Turbidity in water:
Turbidity is a measure of water clarity how much the material suspended in
water decreases the passage of light through the water. Suspended materials
include soil particles (clay, silt, and sand), algae, plankton, microbes, and
other substances.
Significance of measuring Turbidity:
Turbidity is an important indicator of the amount of suspended sediment
in water, which can have many negative effects on aquatic life. The
suspended sediments that cause turbidity can block light to aquatic plants,
smother aquatic organisms, and carry contaminants and pathogens, such as
lead, mercury, and bacteria.
Causes of Turbidity:
Effects of Turbidity:
Disadvantages:
Page 1
[MEASURMENT OF TURBIDITY]
inhibit growth of submerged aquatic plants and consequently affect
species which are dependent on them, such as fish and shell fish.
High turbidity levels can also affect the ability of fish gills to absorb
dissolved oxygen. This phenomenon has been regularly observed
throughout the Chesapeake Bay in the eastern United States.
In drinking water, the higher the turbidity level, the higher the risk that
people may develop gastrointestinal diseases. This is especially
problematic for immunocompromised people, because contaminants
like viruses or bacteria can become attached to the suspended solids.
The
suspended
solids
interfere
with
water
disinfection
with chlorine because the particles act as shields for the virus and
bacteria.
Advantages:
Measurement of Turbidity:
Nephelometer:
A nephelometer is an instrument for measuring concentration of suspended
particulates in a liquid or gas colloid. A nephelometer measures suspended
particulates by employing a light beam (source beam) and a light
detector set to one side (often 90) of the source beam. Particle density is
then a function of the light reflected into the detector from the particles. To
some extent, how much light reflects for a given density of particles is
dependent upon properties of the particles such as their shape, color,
and reflectivity
Page 2
[MEASURMENT OF TURBIDITY]
Formazine has several desirable characteristics that make it an excellent
analytical standard. First, it can be reproducibly prepared from assayed raw
materials. Second, the physical characteristics make it a desirable lightscatter calibration standard. The formazine polymer consists of several
different length chains which fold into random configurations.
Turbidity (NTU)
0.1
20
200
1000
4000
.
WHO guidelines:
Procedure:
Calculations:
Table 2
Sample
Muddy water
Tape water
Turbidity (NTU)
6.55
1.48
Page 3
[MEASURMENT OF TURBIDITY]
Precautions:
Comments:
From the above results it is clearly shown that tape water have low turbidity
which is 1.48 NTU as compared to muddy water which have turbidity of 6.55
NTU .That shows that the water have high turbidity which have high
concentration of suspended substances
Page 4