ISO/DIS 19694-5 Stationary source emissions Determination of

greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in energy-intensive industries

Part 5: Lime industry

PRESENTATION FROM CEN TC264 WG33 SG5

Julien Coubronne, EuLA
Dr Martyn Kenny, Lafarge Tarmac (SG5 Convenor)

The European Lime Association

Lime, an essential but unseen material

Lime is used in many products in everyday life: each EU
citizen uses around 150g per day
A versatile natural chemical used in many processes:
As a key enabling material for many
industries (e.g. steel, aluminium,
paper, glass, construction)
As a key product for environmental
applications (e.g. drinking water
treatment, flue gas cleaning, waste
water treatment)
As an essential mineral product, but
often unseen (e.g. toothpaste, sugar)
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Lime, an enabler for downstream

industries

Lime functionalities

Why a GHG standard?

To support the on-going work of the lime sector to reduce GHG
emissions by:
1. Facilitating the measurement, testing and quantifying of
GHG emissions from lime manufacturing
2. Facilitating the comparison of GHG emissions performance
of a lime manufacturing plants over time
3. Facilitating performance comparisons between lime
manufacturing plants with different installation configurations
but producing comparable products

CEN TC 346 WG 33

ISO/DIS 19694-1

EuLA mirror group

with 30 experts

ISO/DIS 19694-5
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Lime production - calcination

Combustion CO2

CaCO3 + energy

calcium
carbonate

CaO + CO2
lime

carbon
dioxide

Process CO2

100 g

56 g

44 g

Lime production process

Lime production process

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Manufacture of lime - fuel mix

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Manufacture of lime - Average share of

GHG emissions

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Lime GHG issues considered

Range of kiln types
Range of capacities of plant
Range of lime products and qualities
-

High calcium lime

Dolomitic lime

Range of fuel types

-

Fossil (solid, liquid and gas)

Mixed fossil and biomass

Biomass

Potential GHGs
-

CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, PFCs, HFCs

Plants that import kiln stone

Plants that manufacture non-kiln stone aggregates
Plants that have on-site electricity generation
Plants that manufacture downstream products
-

Downstream lime products

Other downstream products

Ability to separately compare performance of quarry, kiln and downstream operations

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Lime GHG system boundaries

Kiln stone
preparation

Kiln
process

Downstream
processing

Scope 1

Direct emissions including extraction, quarry operations, transport

to stone processing plant, processing (washing, crushing,
screening), transport to the lime kiln

Fuels

Scope 2

Indirect emissions including extraction, quarry operations including

quarry dewatering, transport to stone processing plant, processing
(washing, crushing, screening), transport to the lime kiln

Electricity

Scope 3

Includes imported kiln stone extraction, quarry operations including

quarry dewatering, transport to stone processing plant, processing
(washing, crushing, screening), transport to the lime kiln

Fuels &
Electricity

Scope 1

Direct emissions from the manufacture of lime

Process CO2

Direct emissions from the production of LKD

Process CO2

Direct emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels

Scope 2

Indirect emissions from kiln operation and infrastructure

Scope 1

Direct emissions including transport to silos, grinding/milling,

hydrating or packing

Scope 2

Indirect emissions including transport to silos, grinding/milling,

hydrating or packing

Combustion
CO2 (Fuels)
Electricity

Fuels
Electricity
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Overview of methodologies
Mass-balance-based method
- Input method
- Output method
Continuous stack measurement method

Stack
emission
m CO2-stack

Kiln stone
m LS

Dedusting
system
Lime kiln

Run-Of-Kiln
(ROK) lime

Lime Kiln
Dust (LKD)

m LI-ROK

m LKD
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Verification of the method for determining

GHG emissions from the lime industry
Objectives
Assess draft standard for Accuracy, Transparency,
Consistency, Relevance, Completeness and practicality
Detailed assessment of the draft methodology for quantifying
direct GHG emissions from the lime kiln
Input and output mass-balance-based methods
Continuous stack measurement method

Assess the draft methodology for quantifying direct non-kiln

GHG emissions and indirect GHG emissions
An assessment of the relevance of non-CO2 GHGs

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Verification work packages

Work package 1
Supervisor

Work package 2
Stack emissions measurement

Work package 3
On site operational data, sampling
and sample preparation

Work package 4
Laboratory analysis
ISO 17025
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Verification test schedule

Plant A

Plant B

Parallel flow regenerative kiln (vertical kiln)

Single fuel fired (natural gas)
Kiln stone purchased from neighbouring quarry
High calcium quicklime and hydrated lime products

Rotary kiln (horizontal kiln)

Multiple fuel fired (coal, solvent waste, waste tyres,
biomass)
Kiln stone purchased from neighbouring quarry
Dolime product

Round 1
June 2013
Round 2
December 2013

Round 1
July 2013
Round 2
January 2014

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Verification test methodology

Undertake a 48 hour mass balance based method
Measure and analyse input and output streams:
Kiln stone
Run of kiln lime
Lime kiln dust
Kiln fuels
Non-kiln fuels
Electricity

Continuous stack
emissions method
Flow
Composition
(CO, CO2 and non-CO2 GHGs)

Determine CO2e emissions and measure uncertainty

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Verification test results

Round 2

Plant B

Plant A

Round 1

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Verification test development

Findings from Round 1
Mass-balance-based method provided a reliable measure of GHG emissions with
relatively low uncertainty
Question about collection of all ROK in output method due to hang ups in silo
Unrepresentative measurement of stack gas flow
Check representative measurement of CO2 content using FTIR
Check low detection of methane <0.2% of total CO2e
Detection limits for some non-CO2 GHG with high Global Warming Potentials

Improvements for Round 2

Ensure product silos are empty before test start and fully cleared following test completion
Improve flow measurement position and increase frequency of measurement
Include measurement of CO2 by non dispersive IR (EN 15058) as well as FTIR
Include measurement of total VOCs (EN 12619) to confirm methane measurement
Extend sampling periods for non-CO2 GHG (PFCs & HFCs) to reduce detection limits
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Plant A verification test results

Comparison of methods

19.5% 30.4%

1.0% 1.2%

1.4% 1.7%

23%

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Plant B verification test results

Comparison of methods

15.3% 20.5%

1.9% 1.9%

2.4% 2.6%

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Verification test conclusions

The draft standard was found to satisfy the requirements for Accuracy, Transparency,
Consistency, Relevance, Completeness and practicality
The mass-balance-based input and output methods are workable, produce results in close
agreement and have reasonable levels of uncertainty, especially if conducted over 12
months
The suitability of the stack measurement method is primarily dependent on the ability to
make a representative measurement of the carbon dioxide content of the exhaust gas and is
especially sensitive to its flow rate
The stack measurement method requires sophisticated equipment, a high degree of
maintenance and often significant changes to the configuration of the flue gas pipes
The verification tests show that the stack measurement method is likely to be subject to
greater uncertainty than the calculation-based methods. For stack measurement compliance
with reasonable uncertainty levels is likely to remain a challenge even when permanent
measurement systems are optimised for plant characteristics
Excluding the non-CO2 GHGs, does not have a significant impact on the completeness of the
overall determination of GHGs

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Thank you !

Martyn Kenny, Sustainability director (Lafarge Tarmac)

Julien Coubronne, Environmental and industrial adviser (EuLA)

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Stack emissions test methods Round 1

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Stack emissions test methods Round 2

EN 15259 Stationary source emissions Requirements for the measurement sections and sites
and for the measurement objective, plan and report
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Chemical analysis methods

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Fuel analysis methods

Sample

Property

Method

Natural Gas

Calorific value

EN ISO 6976-05

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