SERIAL COMMUNICATION RS232

RS-232 is the traditional name for a series of standards

for serial binary single-ended data and control signals connecting between
a DTE(Data Terminal Equipment) and a DCE (Data Circuit-terminating
Equipment).
An RS-232 port was once a standard feature of a personal computer for
connections to modems, printers, mice, data storage, un-interruptible
power supplies, and other peripheral devices.
Some RS-232 devices are still found especially in industrial machines or
scientific instruments.

MODBUS RS 484/422

Modbus is a serial communications protocol published by Modicon in 1979 for use with
its programmable logic controllers (PLCs).

Modbus allows for communication between many (approximately 240) devices

connected to the same network.
Modbus RTU This is used in serial communication & makes use of a
compact, binary representation of the data for protocol communication
Modbus ASCII This is used in serial communication & makes use of ASCII
characters for protocol communication. The ASCII format uses
a longitudinal redundancy check checksum.
Modbus TCP/IP or Modbus TCP This is a Modbus variant used for
communications over TCP/IP networks, connecting over port 502.[2] It does
not require a checksum calculation as lower layers already provide
checksum protection.
Modbus over UDP Some have experimented with using Modbus over
UDP on IP networks, which removes the overheads required for TCP [3]
Modbus Plus (Modbus+, MB+ or MBP) An extended version, Modbus
Plus (Modbus+ or MB+), also exists, but remains proprietary to Schneider
Electric. It requires a dedicated co-processor to handle fast HDLC-like token
rotation. It uses twisted pair at 1 Mbit/s and includes transformer isolation
at each node.
Modbus PEMEX- Modbus PEMEX is an extension of standard Modbus with
support for historical and flow data. It is widely used in process automation.

PROFIBUS
PROFIBUS (Process Field Bus) is a standard for field bus communication
in automation technology and was first promoted in 1989 by Siemens.
It should not be confused with the PROFINET standard for Industrial Ethernet.
PROFIBUS is not an openly published and royalty-free protocol as older ones
like MODBUS.
There are two variations of PROFIBUS in use today; the most commonly used
PROFIBUS DP, and the lesser used, application specific, PROFIBUS PA:

PROFIBUS DP (Decentralized Peripherals) is used to operate sensors and actuators via a

centralized controller in production (factory) automation applications. The many
standard diagnostic options, in particular, are focused on here.
PROFIBUS PA (Process Automation) is used to monitor measuring equipment via a
process control system in process automation applications. This variant is designed for
use in explosion/hazardous areas (Ex-zone 0 and 1). The Physical Layer (i.e. the cable)
conforms to IEC 61158-2, which allows power to be delivered over the bus to field
instruments, while limiting current flows so that explosive conditions are not created,
even if a malfunction occurs. The number of devices attached to a PA segment is limited
by this feature. PA has a data transmission rate of 31.25 kbit/s. However, PA uses the
same protocol as DP, and can be linked to a DP network using a coupler device. The
much faster DP acts as a backbone network for transmitting process signals to the
controller. This means that DP and PA can work tightly together, especially in hybrid
applications where process and factory automation networks operate side by side.

CANOpen
The lower level protocol implementing the data link and physical layers is usually Controller
Area Network (CAN), although devices using some other means of communication (such
as Ethernet Powerlink, EtherCAT) can also implement the CANopen device profile.
A communication unit implements the protocols for messaging with the other nodes in the
network
The object dictionary is an array of variables with a 16-bit index. Additionally, each variable
can have an 8-bit sub index. The variables can be used to configure the device and reflect
its environment, i.e. contain measurement data.
The application part of the device actually performs the desired function of the device,
after the state machine is set to the operational state. The application is configured by
variables in the object dictionary and the data are sent and received through the
communication layer.
Communication objects

CAN bus, the physical layer of CANopen, can only transmit short packages consisting of an 11-bit id, a
remote transmission request (RTR) bit and 0 to 8 bytes of data. The CANopen standard divides the
11-bit CAN frame id into a 4-bit function code and 7-bit CANopen node ID. This limits the number of
devices in a CANopen network to 127. An extension to the CAN bus standard (CAN 2.0 B) allows
extended frame ids of 29 bits, but in practice CANopen networks big enough to need the extended id
range are rarely seen.

FIELDBUS FOUNDATION
FOUNDATION fieldbus was originally intended as a replacement for the 4-20
mA standard, and today it coexists alongside other technologies such
as Modbus, Profibus, and Industrial Ethernet.
Two related implementations of FOUNDATION fieldbus have been introduced to meet
different needs within the process automation environment. These two
implementations use different physical media and communication speeds.
H1 works at 31.25 kbit/s and generally connects to field devices. It provides communication
and power over standard twisted-pair wiring. H1 is currently the most common
implementation.
HSE (High-speed Ethernet) works at 100 Mbit/s and generally connects input/output
subsystems, host systems, linking devices, gateways, and field devices using standard Ethernet
cabling. It doesn't currently provide power over the cable, although work is under way to
address this.

A typical fieldbus segment consists of the following components.

H1 - fieldbus interface card

FPS - Fieldbus Power Supply and Signal Conditioner
PS - Bulk power (Vdc) to Fieldbus Power Supply
T - Terminator
And fieldbus devices, (e.g. transmitters, transducers, etc.)

AS-I BUS
AS-Interface (Actuator Sensor Interface, AS-i) is an industrial networking
solution (physical layer, data access method and protocol) used in
automation systems. It is designed for connecting simple field I/O devices
(e.g. binary ON/OFF devices such as actuators, sensors, rotary encoders,
analog inputs and outputs, push buttons, and valve position sensors) in
discrete manufacturing and process applications using a single 2-conductor
cable.
AS-Interface is a system that requires four basic components:
Exactly one network master, in most cases in the form of a Gateway to a higher
level industrial network or a PLC backplane card,
A number of network slaves, in most cases input and output modules,
Exactly one power supply used to power the network slaves and enabling
communication with the network master, and
The wiring infrastructure, in most case accomplished using the yellow flat cable.

ASI FEED POWER SUPPLY

ASIABL3004

ASI TAPP OFF

TCSATN02V

PANEL SIDE

ASI MODULE

PLC RACK

24 VDC POWER SUPPLY

ABL8RPS24100

ASI FEED POWER

SUPPLY ASIABL3004

Details on
page 2 & 3

AS-I Auxiliary
Power Cable

AS-Interface Bus
Cable

ASI TAPP OFF

TCSATN02V

ASI MODULE
2DI/DO, 4DI,
4DO
ASI MODULE
2DI/DO, 4D,I
4DO
Details on
page 4
ASI MODULE
2DI/DO, 4DI,
4DO

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FIELD SIDE

AS-I Module (BMX EIA 0100) Connection to AS-Interface Bus

AS-Interface Bus Cables

AS-Interface bus cables carry the signals and supply the sensors and actuators connected to the bus with 30 VDC.
Types of AS-Interface cables:
Cable Type
Flat, polarized AS-Interface
ribbon cable

Specifications
Color: yellow. Wire cross-section: 1.5
mm2 (AWG 15)

Standard round cable

Wire cross-section: 1.5 mm2 (AWG 15) or

2.5 mm2 (AWG 13)

Illustration

Wire colors:
AS-i - is Blue
AS-i + is Brown
Recommended cable: Product reference H05VV-F2x1.5 Flat Cable conforms to the DIN VDE 0281standard. Wire cross-section: 1.5 mm2 (AWG 15).
Cable Routing
The AS-Interface cable and the power cables carrying higher power levels must be in separate ducts that are protected by a metal screen.
When using a shared route for control cables it is essential that the connections on these control links should conform to current "best technology" rules (i.e..,
discharge diode or limiters on the terminals of self inductive elements, etc.).
Connector
A connector-cover set is used to connect the module to the AS-Interface bus. This connector must be linked to the cable of the AS-Interface bus and assembled by
the user according to the procedure described here.
Illustration:

Connector

Cover

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The procedure below wires a connector:

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AS-I 67F interfaces Modules

ASI67FFP22E -

2DI / 2DO

ASI67FFP40E 4DI

ASI67FFP04D 4DO

AS-I Base

AS-I Cable XZCP1564L05

COLOUR CODE
PIN 1: BLACK WHITE
PIN 2: BROWN
PIN 3: BLACK
PIN 4: BLUE
PIN 5: GREEN YELLOW

Output : + Blue, - Black

Input : + Brown, - Black

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