International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2016, pp. 199207 Article ID: IJCIET_07_04_016

Available online at
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=7&IType=4
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
IAEME Publication

TO STUDY THE PROPERTIES OF

CONCRETE AS A REPLACEMENT OF
CEMENT WITH THE MARBLE DUST
POWDER
Deepanshu Patel
UG, Civil Engineering Department,
Institute of Technology, Nirma University,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Parin Bodiwala
UG, Civil Engineering Department,
Institute of Technology, Nirma University,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Prof. Tejas Joshi
Assistant Professor,
Civil Engineering Department, Institute of Technology,
Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Dr. Urmil dave
Professor in Civil Engineering Department,
Institute of Technology, Nirma University,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
ABSTRACT
There are several wastes being released from the industries which leads to
many environmental and health problems and so it becomes necessary to find
an appropriate solution to the emission of these wastes. Marble powder is an
inert material which is procured as an industrial by-product during sawing,
grinding, and polishing of marble is a cause to various environmental
problems. These wastes can be used as the constituents of concrete by
partially replacing the cement which makes it economical and also conserves
our natural resources. The main objective of this research is to examine
whether there is any possibility of utilizing marble powder in concrete
production. This study includes different types of concrete mixes of M25 by
replacing the cement with marble powder in various proportions (0%, 5%,
10% & 15%) by weight to determine the optimum percentage of replacement.
The testing for Compressive strength of these Concrete mixes is done at 7 and
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp

199

editor@iaeme.com

Deepanshu Patel, Parin Bodiwala, Prof. Tejas Joshi and Dr. Urmil dave
28 days and the results are then compared with the Control Concrete. The
results obtained after the research shows that marble powder can be used as a
replacement for cement.
Key words: Marble Dust, Compressive Strength
Cite this Article: Deepanshu Patel, Parin Bodiwala, Prof. Tejas Joshi and Dr.
Urmil dave, To Study The Properties of Concrete as A Replacement of Cement
with The Marble Dust Powder. International Journal of Civil Engineering and
Technology, 7(4), 2016, pp.199207.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=7&IType=4

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. General
Recycling waste without properly studying its properties and without proper based
scientific research can result into environmental problems which might be greater
than the waste itself. Marble waste in general is a very important material for
achieving sustainable development. Marble waste procured from quarry operations
can be dangerous and environmentally detrimental. Looking at the current scenario,
the cost of material is increasing and so the use of the waste material in the concrete
decreases the price of production which helps in achieving economy of our concrete.
In India, around 6 million tons of wastes from marble industries are being generated
from marble cutting, polishing, processing and grinding. Direct exposure of the waste
material to the environment can cause many environmental problems and because of
which many countries are still working on usage of waste materials.

1.2. Marble Dust

Construction materials are more judged by their ecological characteristics because of
the continual depletion of quarry aggregates. In India huge amount of marble waste is
being generated because of lack of technology and also unscientific methods of
quarrying marble. Due to generation of marble waste there is a direct exposure of this
material with the environment because of which serious environmental problems
occur. Fig. 1 shows the marble dust powder. Also the marble cutting industry
generates a high volume of wastes.

Figure 1 Marble Dust Powder

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp

200

editor@iaeme.com

To Study The Properties of Concrete as A Replacement of Cement with The Marble Dust
Powder

Importance of using Marble dust in concrete

Reduces the cement content which results in cost reduction.

Helps in improving durability.
Helps in attaining and maintaining strength at specific days.

Need of using Marble dust

Huge amount of marble waste is being generated from marble cutting plants and
mineral industries. As these wastes have adverse effect on our environment, it is very
essential to find the safe disposal method for this type of waste or to find a proper
solution for the utilization of this waste. The research presents an eco-friendly
solution for the utilization of marble waste and helps in preserving our eco system.

Advantages of Marble dust

It intensifies the properties of mortar and concrete.

Huge amount of Marble waste is generated and so cost of procuring of this waste is
low.

Disadvantages of Marble dust

Marble does not take part in the hydration process.

Marble waste is not available in all regions and so additional transportation cost will
be added for its procurement.

2. OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF WORK

In this research, an attempt has been made to evaluate the compressive strength of
concrete. For our research M25 concrete have been considered for studies. The
Marble Dust is used as replacement of cement by weight in the present work.
1. Procurement of Unprocessed Marble Dust from marble quarry. (Location: Gota,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat) and development of mix design as per IS 10262:2009.
2. Preparing concrete cubes with Marble Dust replacing cement with 0%, 5%, 10% &
15% by weight.

3. MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1. Materials
Cement
Ordinary Portland Cement of UltraTech conforming to IS 12269 (1987) was used to
carry out this work. Portland cement of 53 grade was used. Properties of cement such
as fineness of cement, specific gravity, etc were found out as per Indian Standards.
Table 1 shows the physical and chemical analysis data of cement.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp

201

editor@iaeme.com

Deepanshu Patel, Parin Bodiwala, Prof. Tejas Joshi and Dr. Urmil dave
Table 1 Chemical and Physical analysis data of cement

Coarse Aggregate
It is important constituent in concrete from economy point of view. The particle size
of course aggregate is taken as 20mm and 10mm in this work. Rough textured course
aggregate were used to provide better bonding between cement paste and course
aggregate. Various tests such as aggregate impact test, aggregate crushing test,
elongation and flakiness index test are conducted as per Indian Standards.
Fine Aggregate (Sand)
Natural sand which has smooth surface texture having good workability was used in
this work. Sieve analysis was conducted to find out fineness modulus which comes
out to be 3.14% and that is under limit as per IS 383-1970.
Marble Dust Powder
Marble Dust acquired from quarry which is at Gota, Ahmedabad was used in this
work. It improves durability, reduces the cement content and thus reducing the cost of
construction. Disadvantage of it is that it does not take part in the process of
hydration. Table 2 shows the physical and chemical analysis data of marble dust
powder.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp

202

editor@iaeme.com

To Study The Properties of Concrete as A Replacement of Cement with The Marble Dust
Powder
Table 2 Chemical and Physical analysis data of Marble Dust Powder

Admixture
It is used to improve the workability and also to reduce the water content of the mix.
FOSROC-Auramix-300 was used in this work.

3.2. Mix Design

M25 concrete with nominal mix as per IS 456-2000 was used in this work. The mix
proportion (cement: fine aggregate: course aggregate) is 1: 1.89: 3.34 by volume and
water cement ratio is 0.45.

3.3. Quantity Sheet

Table 3 Amount of material used as per mix design

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp

203

editor@iaeme.com

Deepanshu Patel, Parin Bodiwala, Prof. Tejas Joshi and Dr. Urmil dave

3.4. Sample Preparation

Table 4 Total specimens casted

Total 24 cubes (150mm*150mm*150mm) were casted for different mixes as

shown in table 4. Compressive strength of cubes of different mixes were determined
at 7, 28 days. Compressive strength values were calculated based on the average
values of the 3 cubes. Compressive tests were conducted using Compressive Testing
Machine (CTM).
C=P/A
Where,
C= Compressive strength of the cubes (N/mm2)
P= Total load on the specimen at the point of failure (N)
A= Area of the specimen (mm2)

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Table 5 shows the average compressive strength of cubes made with concrete as a
replacement (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) of cement with marble dust powder at 7 days.
Table 5 Average compressive Strength of cubes as replacement of cement with marble
powder at 7 days
Details

Replacement
(by weight)

Load(kN)

Comp. strength
at 7
days(N/mm2)

Control Concrete

100% Cement

460
460
450

20.44
20.44
20.22

Concrete with 5%
MD replacement
of cement

95% Cement,
5% MD

480
450
470

21.33
20.00
20.88

90% Cement,
10% MD

510
510
480

22.66
22.66
21.33

410
400
400

18.22
17.77
17.77

Concrete with
10% MD
replacement of
cement
Concrete with
15% MD
replacement of
cement

85% Cement,
15% MD

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp

204

Comp. strength
at 7
days(N/mm2)

20.44

21.105

22.66

17.92

editor@iaeme.com

To Study The Properties of Concrete as A Replacement of Cement with The Marble Dust
Powder

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (N/mm2)

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH( 7 DAYS )

CEMENT REPLACEMENT
25
20.44

21.105

22.66
17.92

20
15
10

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH( 7
DAYS )

5
0
0

10

15

MARBLE POWDER %

Figure 2 Compressive strength (7 days) of cubes made using marble powder as a replacement
of cement

Maximum 7 days compressive strength of cubes is obtained at 10% replacement

of cement with marble powder as shown in fig. 2
Table 6 shows the average compressive strength of cubes made with concrete as a
replacement (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) of cement with marble dust powder at 28 days.
Table 6 Average compressive Strength of cubes as replacement of cement with marble
powder at 28 days
Details

Replacement
(by weight)

Load (kN)

Control Concrete

100% Cement

740
760
750

Concrete with 5%
MD replacement
of cement

95% Cement,
5% MD

780
770
780

Concrete with
10% MD
replacement of
cement

90% Cement,
10% MD

820
790
810

Concrete with
15% MD
replacement of
cement

85% Cement,
15% MD

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp

710
710
700

205

Comp. strength
at 28
days(N/mm2)

Comp. strength
at 28
days(N/mm2)

32.88
33.77
33.33

33.33

34.66
34.22
34.66

34.66

36.44
35.11
36.00

31.55
31.55
31.11

35.85

31.55

editor@iaeme.com

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
(N/mm2)

Deepanshu Patel, Parin Bodiwala, Prof. Tejas Joshi and Dr. Urmil dave

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (28 DAYS)

CEMENT REPLACEMENT
35.85

37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29

34.66
33.33
31.55
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (28
DAYS)
0

10

15

MARBLE POWDER %

Figure 3 Compressive strength (28 days) of cubes made using marble powder as a
replacement of cement

Maximum
aximum 28 days compressive strength of cubes is obtained at 10% replacement
of cement with marble powder as shown in fig. 3

4.1. Comparison of compressive strength at 7 days and 28 days:

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (N/mm2)

CEMENT REPLACEMENT
40

35.85

34.66

33.33

31.55

35
30
25

20.44

22.66

21.105

17.92

20
15
10
5
0
0

10

15

MARBLE POWDER %
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH( 7 DAYS )

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (28 DAYS)

Figure 4 Compressive strength of cubes at 7 days and 28 days

Maximum compressive strength of cubes at 7 and 28 days is obtained at 10%

replacement of cement with marble dust powder as shown in fig. 4

5. CONCLUSION

From compressive strength tests it is concluded that the best proportion of marble
powder is 10% with 28 days of curing.
Use of marble powder in concrete does not affect the setting time of concrete.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp

206

editor@iaeme.com

To Study The Properties of Concrete as A Replacement of Cement with The Marble Dust
Powder

REFERENCES
[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]
[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]
[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

Partial Replacement of Cement with Marble Dust Powder, Prof. P. A. Shirule,

Ataur Rahman, Rakesh D. Gupta (International Journal of Advanced Engineering
Research and Studies).
Properties of Cement and Mortar Incorporating Marble Dust and Crushed Brick.
Tanver Kavas, Asim Olgun (Department of Ceramic Engineering, Afyonkocatepe
University, Afyon, Turkey, December 12, 2007).
Effect of Marble Powder with and without Silica Fume on Mechanical Properties
of Concrete, V.M.Shelke, Prof. P.Y.Pawde, Dr. R.R.Shrivastava, IOSR Journal of
Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Volume 1, May 2012.
Utilization of Waste Marble Dust as an Additive in Cement Production (Elsevier,
Construction and Building Material, Volume 31/2010/4039-4042).
The Effect of the Using Waste Marble Dust as Fine Sand on the Mechanical
Properties of the Concrete, Bahar Demirel (International Journal of the Physical
Science, 18 August, 2010).
Influence of Marble Powder/Granules in Concrete Mix, Baboo Rai, Naushad H,
Abhishek Kr, Tabin Rushad, Duggal S.K. International Journal of Civil and
Structural Engineering, 1(4), 2011.
Utilization of Marble Slurry in Construction Materials, Dr. Anurag Mishra, Mr.
Rajesh Gupta (Workshop on gainful utilization of Marble Slurry and other stone
waste.
A preliminary concrete mix design for SCC with marble powders, Alyamac KE
(Const. Build. Mat., 23(3): 12011210, 2009).
I. Siva Kishore and Ch. Mallika Chowdary, A Study on Waste Utilization of
Marble Dust In High Strength Concrete Mix. International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology, 6(12), 2015, pp.17.
Ishwar Chand Sharma, Prof.Naresh Chandra Saxena, Engineering Utilization of
Marble Slurry. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 3(2),
2012, pp.16.
Ishwar Chand Sharma, Prof.Naresh Chandra Saxena, Environmental Hazard and
Disaster in Disposing Marble Slurry. International Journal of Civil Engineering
and Technology, 3(1), 2012, pp.6266.
Abdullah Anwar, Sabih Ahmad, S. Mohd. Ashraf Husain and Syed Aqeel
Ahmad, Salvage of Ceramic Waste And Marble Dust For The Refinement of
Sustainable Concrete. International Journal of Civil Engineering and
Technology, 6(9), 2015, pp.7992.
Effects of the usage of diatomite and waste marble powder as partial replacement
of cement on the mechanical properties of concrete, Ali Ergun (Construction and
Building Materials, 25(2), pp 806812, 2011.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp

207

editor@iaeme.com