COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Maximum Power Transfer and Efficiency

Experiment #5

Submitted By:
RUBIA, JETHRO M.
20131114697
NEE 312 3CPT

Submitted To:
ENGR. ANTONIO C. REBONG

September 14, 2016

List of Instruments and Equipments:

- PC and Accessories
- UniTrain-I Interface and Experimenter
- MetraHit Multimeter and power supply(SO4203-2A and
SO42O3-2D)
- Experiment Card DCCL No.3
- Shunting Resistors, Leads and Connection Plugs
- Extension Cord

Computations:

Graphs/Drawings:

Chart Title
30
25

24.16 24.01 23.76 23.28

20.85

20
15

18.36

22.66
20.24
Output Power(mw)

16.1

Resistance Ratio

13.43

10
5 5
0

3.7

2.91 2.41

1.01 0.94 0.84 0.71 0.61 0.44

Solution and Answers to Problems:

Discussion:
POWER TRANSFER AND EFFICIENCY
Maximum power is transferred from the source to the load when the
resistance of the load is equal to the internal resistance of the source. This
theory is illustrated in the table and the graph of figure 3-36. When the load
resistance is 5 ohms, matching the source resistance, the maximum power
of 500 watts is developed in the load.
The efficiency of power transfer (ratio of output power to input power) from
the source to the load increases as the load resistance is increased. The
efficiency approaches 100 percent as the load resistance approaches a
relatively large value compared with that of the source, since less power is
lost in the source. The efficiency of power transfer is only 50 percent at the
maximum power transfer point (when the load resistance equals the internal
resistance of the source). The efficiency of power transfer approaches zero
efficiency when the load resistance is relatively small compared with the
internal resistance of the source.
The problem of a desire for both high efficiency and maximum power transfer
is resolved by a compromise between maximum power transfer and high
efficiency. Where the amounts of power involved are large and the efficiency
is important, the load resistance is made large relative to the source
resistance so that the losses are kept small. In this case, the efficiency is
high. Where the problem of matching a source to a load is important, as in
communications circuits, a strong signal may be more important than a high
percentage of efficiency. In such cases, the efficiency of power transfer
should be only about 50 percent; however, the power transfer would be the
maximum which the source is capable of supplying.
Efficiency versus load impedance
Now lets look at efficiency versus load impedance. This time we'll plot a
wide range of load impedances using a log scale. The log scale chart is
interesting from the point of view of the symmetries involved. In addition to

the maximum power point at RL/RG=1 providing 50% efficiency, the point
at which RL/RG=3 provides exactly 75% efficiency.
One lesson you could take away from this is that for highest efficiency, the
load impedance must be much greater than the generator impedance even
though maximum power transfer will not take place under this condition. In
the two extreme condictions, a short circuit is 0% efficient, and open circuit
is 100% efficient, even though in both cases, no power is transferred to the
load
maximum power transfer theorem states that, to
obtain maximum external power from a source with a finite internal
resistance, the resistance of the load must equal the resistance of the
source as viewed from its output terminals. Moritz von Jacobi published the
maximum power (transfer) theorem around 1840; it is also referred to as
"Jacobi's law".
The theorem results in maximum power transfer, and not
maximum efficiency. If the resistance of the load is made larger than the
resistance of the source, then efficiency is higher, since a higher
percentage of the source power is transferred to the load, but
the magnitude of the load power is lower since the total circuit resistance
goes up.
If the load resistance is smaller than the source resistance, then most of
the power ends up being dissipated in the source, and although the total
power dissipated is higher, due to a lower total resistance, it turns out that
the amount dissipated in the load is reduced.
The theorem states how to choose (so as to maximize power transfer) the
load resistance, once the source resistance is given. It is a common
misconception to apply the theorem in the opposite scenario. It doesnot say
how to choose the source resistance for a given load resistance. In fact, the
source resistance that maximizes power transfer is always zero, regardless
of the value of the load resistance.
The theorem can be extended to alternating current circuits that
include reactance, and states that maximum power transfer occurs when

the load impedance is equal to the complex conjugate of the source

impedance.

Conclusion:
In conclusion to this experiment, we managed to learn application and how
to use the Maximum power transfer theorem. Understanding this theorem
will give us more knowledge on the process of power transfer and the
efficiency of the power transfer.

Using the basics of L@bsoft we managed to compute or get the power

transfer and compute the data being asked (e.g. Efficiency) . Basically the
power transferred from a supply source to a load is at its maximum when
the resistance of the load is equal to the internal resistance of the source.
On the other words" A resistive load will be consumptive maximum power
from the supply when the load resister is equal to the equivalent network
resistor.

References:
Author not stated. (2013). Max Power Transfer. Retrieved
from http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/directcurrent/chpt-6/MaxPowerTransfer/

Author not stated. (2011).Power Transfer and

Efficiency.Retrieved from
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/transfer-and-efficiency
Thompson Phillips (2009-05-30), Dynamo-Electric Machinery;
A Manual for Students of Electrotechnics, BiblioBazaar,
LLC, ISBN 978-1-110-35104-6