Tristan Duane A.

Laurente

PhyAna

2FMT, CN# 22

Hypothalamus
Location:
Hormones

Chemical Nature

Function

Target Tissue

Hyposecretion

Hypersecretion

Releasing and
inhibiting
hormones

Peptide/proteins/
glycoproteins

Regulates secretion of
anterior pituitary
Hormones

Anterior pituitary

Hyposecretion

Hypersecretion

Uterus /
Mammary glands

depression

hyponatremia

Kidneys
(collecting ducts)

Diabetes
insipidus,
polyuria,
polydipsia

hyponatremia

Pituitary Gland
Location: base of brain, below hypothalamus
Hormones

Chemical Nature

Function

Target Tissue
Posterior Pituitary

Oxytocin

peptide

Antidiuretic
Hormone
(ADH)

peptide

Stimulates
contraction of uterus
and mammary gland
cells
Promotes retention of
water by kidneys

Anterior Pituitary
Prolactin (PRL)

Protein

Stimulates milk
production and
secretion

Mammary glands

Poor milk
production

Growth
Hormone (GH)

Protein

General

Pituitary
dwarfism

Follicle
stimulating
hormone (FSH)

Glycoprotein

Stimulates growth
(especially bones)
and metabolic
functions
Stimulates production
of ova and sperm

Galactorrhea
Cessation of
menses /
Impotence in
men
Gigantism /
Acromegaly

Gonads

Isolated FSH
deficiency

Kallman
syndrome

Luteinizing
hormone (LH)

Glycoprotein

Stimulates ovaries
and testes

Gonads

N/A

Thyroid
Stimulating
Hormone (TSH)

Glycoprotein

Stimulates thyroid
gland

Thyroid gland

Cretinism
Myxedema

Failure to
mature
sexually,
Infertility or
miscarriage
Hyperthyroidis
m
(similar to
Graves'
disease)
Exopthalmos

Andrenocortico
tropic Hormone
(ACTH)

Peptide

Stimulates adrenal
cortex to secrete
glucocorticoids

Adrenal Cortex

N/A

Cushings
symptoms

Thyroid Gland
Location: along the front of the windpipe
Hormones

Chemical Nature

Function

Target Tissue

Hyposecretion

Hypersecretion

Thyroxine and
triiodothryonin
e

Amine

Stimulate metabolic
rate / regulate energy
metabolism

General

Hyperthyroidis
m, Graves
disease

Hypothyroidism
, Goiter

Calcitonin

Peptide

Lowers blood calcium

level

Bone

Decreased
blood calcium
levels

High calcium
levels

Parathryoid Gland
Location: behind the thyroid gland
Hormones

Chemical Nature

Function

Target Tissue

Hyposecretion

Hypersecretion

Parathyroid
Hormone

Peptide

Raises blood calcium

level

Bone, kidneys,
digestive tract

tetany

Weakness of
bones,
Weakness of
muscles, and
Kidney stones

Pancreas
Location: Behind the stomach
Hormones

Chemical Nature

Function

Target Tissue

Hyposecretion

Hypersecretion

Insulin

Protein

Lowers blood glucose

concentration

General

diabetes
mellitus

hyperinsulinism
(severe
hypoglycemia)

Glucagon

Protein

Raises blood glucose

concentration

Liver ; adipose
tissue

Hypoglycemia

Diabetes
mellitus,
venous
thrombosis

Andrenal Glands
Location: Adrenal Medulla = on top of each kidney (inner region)
Adrenal Cortex = on top of each kidney (outer region)

Hormones

Chemical
Nature

Function

Target Tissue

Hyposecretion

Hypersecretion

Adrenal Medulla
Epinephrine and
norepinephrine

Amine

Raise blood glucose

Muscle; blood
level ; increases
vessels; adipose
metabolic activities;
tissue; liver
constrict certain blood
vessels
Adrenal Cortex

Hypertension,
Cushings
syndrome

Hypotension,
Addisons
disease

Glucocorticoids

Steroid

Raise blood glucose

level

General

Addison's
disease

Cushings
disease

Mineralocorticoids

Steroid

Promote reabsorption
of Na and excretion of
K in kidneys

Kidney tubules

Addison's
disease and
Potassium
retention
(blood

Hypertension,
Sodium
retention
(blood), and
Potassium
excretion
(urine)

Testes
Location: inside scrotum
Hormones

Chemical Nature

Function

Target Tissue

Hyposecretion

Hypersecretion

Androgens

Steroid

Support sperm
formation; promote
development and
maintenance of male
secondary sex
characteristics.

Prostate, seminal
vesicles, and
other organs.

Lack of sexual
development,
Addisons
disease

Precocious
puberty, missed
periods in
women, muscle
hypertrophy,
hirsutism

Ovaries
Location: Beside the uterus
Hormones

Chemical Nature

Function

Target Tissue

Hyposecretion

Hypersecretion

Estrogens

Steroid

Stimulate uterine
lining growth,
promote development
and maintenance of
female secondary sex
characteristics.

Female
reproductive
tract and
mammary
glands.

Infertility,
osteoporosis,
Lack of female
secondary sex
characteristics,
hot flashes

Infertility,
premature
sexual
development,
can cause
development of
breasts in men