Dlaenef'n

flalesGonporaffut

r.l

D\,'

Subsidiary of OSRAM Corp.

PO. Box 7062 R.D. #3, Jeanne Drive Newburgh, New York 12550
Tel: (914) 504-6300;Telex: 926467
Toll Free Tel: (800) 431-9980

Guide for the Design of Equipment

for Super Pressure Mercury Lamps HBO

Super pressure mercury lamps (HBO lamps) are sources of radiatlon for varous fie ds of application. They com
bine high radiant efficiency in the vlsible and ln the ultravioet region with very hlgh brightness and/or radiance
and with an excellent stabillty of the luminous arc. The emission spectrum is composed of the known mercury lines
of high intensity and of a distinct continuum radiatjon extending from medium-wave u travio et to the infrared
region.

To obtain high brghtness and radlance, HBO amps have a vapour pressure during operation of up to 70 atmospheres, accordlng to type. Therefore, the quartz body of HBO lanps is subjected to heavy mechanical stresses.
It is shaped, dimensioned, and tested so that utmost safety of operation is ensured- Neverthe ess, installation of
the lamp ln a housing with protected venti ating vents is required. Hereby, the operator is protected agalnst glaie,
aid against the strong ultraviolet radlation. No restrictions are ex sting for hand ing cold lamps since they have
no excess pressure.

The instruct ons below shou d be observed when designjng equipment for super pressure mercury lanrps.
Special Properties of HBO Lamps
HBO lamps contain besides an accurately dosed quantity of mercury
a baslc fi ling of low pressure consist
ing of an ined gas whlch enabes lgniton and warmlng up of the amp. During
the warm-up period of 2... 10 min
utes duration, the mercury evaporates. By thls m,-ans, mercury vapour pressure and operating voltage rjse to their
rated values. lt is favourable for performance of the lamps when the warm-up period is as short as posslble.
Lherefore, the ba lasting gear is so designed that the starting current ts h gher than the operat ng current of the
warmed-up amp. HBO amps are warmed-up when the total quantity of mercury ]s evapoiated. ihis process requ res high temperatures of the discharge vessels whlch must be reached under'any circumstance, also in case of
forcecl air cool ng. As it is very d fficult to measure the bulb temperature, the compl"ete evaporation of the mercury
fi ling may be tested by checking the operating voltage reading after a minor ncrease of ti,re opera ng current. A
notlceable rise in operatlng vo tage shows that the warm-up perlod has not been finished, and the lJmp did not
yet reach ts rated values.
ln the interest of a favourab e life performance, the lamp should be run preferably at nom nal wattage.
Lamp Housinq

With regard to the protection as described above, a hous ng made of sheet-iron

as usually used for such
purposcs
is sufficient. The nslde of the housing should be sprayed with a mat -biack paint (; synihetic-res n
baking varnish has proven suitable). The hous ng should be ample and provided with veniilating vents n such a
way that the-temperatLrre of the bases at rated tattage of lamp is by no means higher than zso.-C. n" far as poss b e, 200'' C should not be exceeded. ln reiatively shall hous ngs, an aclequate iaturai draft cool ng of the lamp
bases can be obtained in the fol owing way: The bottom of the 6ousLng should be p.ovrdecl wrth a re-lative y smail
venti ating vent d rectly below the lower base, and the top of the houJing, above the L,pper base, should have
an
open ng as large as possibJe. Baffles prevent ng the radiation of the lamp"to be d rect y emltted outwards, should
be mounted on the hous no in s ch a way that t-he convected airflow djssipates heat ai the ,[pui-uu"", ano t|,en
f ows off unrestricte.l
lf, for constructional reasons, the max mum permissible base temperature can be met with forced cooling on y, the
di,rected mainly to the bases of the larnp. The discharge u"""ui ru"t 6"-"pioiJct".r +om
:l:"ld be
il:rl9:
dl.ect airiow
lhe bower s rnstal ed incorrecty when the warm-up peiiod of the lamp in a cooled housingtt,u
is
o^ger Lhdn ihat o- d lan o b .r' g i- open - -

OSRAM
Lamp Support and Wiring

Since the mercury arc absorbs only a mlnor porton of its own radratron, the arc
brightness of lamps w th a larger electrode spaclng (- arc length) may be increased
by means of a spherical rnirror. The mlrror has to be focussed in such a way that
an (inverted) image of the arc is reflected onto the arc and /or next to the arc. Care
should be taken, however, that especlally the bright segments of the arc are not
lmaged on one of the electrodes, since otherwise the electrodes will be overheated.
Therefore, it is recommended to provide not only for a mechanical adjustment of
the spherica mirror, but a so to install an optical control allowing the observation
of the uminous arc and its lnverted lmage.
lnspectjon windows should have a high absorption factor n the visib e, the jnfrared
and the ultraviolet region, and should be provided with wire gauze.

Speclal attention should be paid to the lamp support when designing equipment,
since reljabilLty of operat on of the amp depends to a great extent on the quality of
the support.
Burning position of lamp is vertica , the stamped base to be at the bottom (to shorten
the warm up period). The maximum permisslble inclinatlon between lamp axjs and
the vertical s 15 ... 90', according to lamp type (see table).
The support shoud be designed so that in case of expansion due to heat, neithepression nor torsion nor bending forces are transferred to the amp. Therefore, only
one base of the lamp shou d be mounted firmly, whereas the lead to the other base
should be flexible and free of tensile stresses. Particularly at operatlon w th rectifief
(see next section), the current leads must be supported in the housing ln such a way
they cannot get in touch with metal parts of thc
that
lf the lanp shou d break
- Otherwise, a short-cjrcuit- mlght occur which wou d overload the bal asting
housing.
gear (rectjfier). The ignitjon ead of lamps wth starting electrode should be run into
the housing separately from the maln current leads. The insulation of thls ead or

for lamps wlthout startlng electrode

- of (see section "lgnition', pg. 6).
-ignition impulse, has to match the ignjtion voltage

the main current lead carry ng the

The modern lamp types HBO 50 W AC, HBO 50 W/3, HBO 100 W2, HBO 200 W2,
HBO 200 W/4, HBO 350 W, and HBO 500 W,/2 are designed without starting electrode. The results hereof are a more favourable lnstallation in the equiprnent, and
a utilization of the radiatlon wlth maximum solid angle in any desired dlrectjon.
lon
These constructional improvements along wlth a better performance on DC
- lamp
ger service life, easier starting and warm-up, better arc stabillty
make the
exceptionally wel suited for use jn optical instruments.
HBO amps ln the wattages 50 W and 100 W are fitted wjth cap bases. ln order to
ensLrre the fjrm support on one slde, it ls most sultable to use solid clamping jaws
made of nickel-plated brass wlth a cylindric bore matchlng the base diameter, or
with a prismatic opening. The flexible lead may be connected by means of temperaiure-proof spring clips. A warning plate adjacent to thls support should indicate
that the flexible ead has to be connected before the lamp ls mounted. Reversed
procedure might ead to breakage of amp.
The connection of the current Leads to the lamp bases should ensure safe contact.
The operating instructions for equlpment for HBO lamps should lndicate that the
contact surfaces must be checked regularly for corrosion to avoid high contact reslstance which wou d cause add tional heating-up of the lamp bases. Detachable
cooling fins or cooljng bodies (e- g. transistor cool ng plates) on the upper base,
which is more intensely heated, may I kewise contrlbute to a conslderable reduction
of its temperature.

Circuitry, Power Supply, and lgnition

Some HBO lamps are for DC operation on y, three models are for AC operation
only, the remainjng models may be run either on DC or on AC (see tables on pgs.3i 4)
DC operatjon is advantageous in vlew of lamp life, starting and warm-up performance, and arc stabi ity.

DC Operation

ln general, DC operation is accomp ished from AC mains via a power pack (rect f er
with bullt-in smoothing and current-limit ng device). The positive lead has to be con
nected to the stamped base at the bottom, the negative lead to the upper base. The
leads of lamps w thout starting electrode running from the power pack are connected
to the ign ter and then run to the lamp (see section "lgnit on", pg. 6). lf HBO larnps
are operated on DC mains or on batterles, the series resistor and the ammeter (see
figs. 1 ...3, pg. 5) should be lnserted ln the ungrounded lead.

AC Operation

At AC operation, a choke or a eakage transformer serve as ballast ng gear. The

use of a permanently adjusted choke ls not possible in view of the wlde range of
operating voltages of the lamps (exceptionr HBO 200 W/4). ln order to protect the
lamps from overload and underload, the chokes are provided with two taps, marked
L] and L2. Each lamp, accordlng to its operating votage, ls marked L1 or L2 on one

base and on one of the knurled nuts (lf existlng). Therefore, al equipment shou d
have an easily accessible posslbility to switch over or to readlust the choke, so that
the proper choke tap may be set after replacement of a amp.
cont'd on pq.

6.

HBO-Lamps without Starting Electrode

Lamp

HBO

(Orderinq Abbreviation)

s0 w./Ac

HBO

U, (V)

Operating Voltage
of Lampr)
Operatlng Current at
operating vo tage range

Lr

U, (V)

L.

lL (.A)

L,

Lumlnous lntenslty veri ca

to lamp ax

lumlnance

Average

DC

DC

220

>45

>

>45

39..45

22

sa..:s

rated value

51

20

i4

rated value

1,3
,45

2,3

1,6

5,0

105

65.47

rated value

3,1 ..4,2

HBO
200 w14

AC')

AC

220

220

61

14

s:ta

l'1u

3,6

3,6

4,2

50

50

75

100

200

o (lm)

2000

1300

2650

220A

10

40

26

22

50

230

150

270

260

30 000

90 000

6500

170 000

40 000

33 000

0,3x10

02x035

2,8 X 0,7

0,25x4.25

o,6x2,2

0,6x2

l(cd)

AC

224

HBO

P, (W)

( m/W)

Luminous Efficiency

HBO
200 w 12

DC

Rated Power of Lampr)

100 w12

75W

Type of Current
Lamp Supply Voltage

HBO

so w/3

L (cd/cm'?)

widthbxheightha)(mm)

200

000

9500
47 ,5

000

950

Average Lamp Lfe

(h ou

rs)

100

2AA

400

2oo ,)

400

Diameter

d (rnrn)

9,5

9,5

30

10

17

17

53

53

122

90

128

124

43!2

41

veftical

vertical

Le

lm3x. (mm)

ngth

Dlstance cente r of arc

io bottorn of base
W dth at start ng

electrode

a (mm)

22 5

):2

22

5L2

vertical

vertical

145

14s

Base

sleeve

Standard pkg.'?)

qtv.

10

0,5

!2

41+2

vert cal

11s"1

10

190

vertical

145

500/o

r) b =

of the va ue stated
half w dth

of umirnce h =

sleeve

sleeve with
knurled nut

sleeve with

10

10

10

10

case of a mea. operating time

Thread

ol

20

mir per start the

average

ectrode spac ng at ope.at nq tehperature

'J Whei operating anp on AC. starting rs aggravated (see sectio. 'lg.irion'
r) Distance between $e bonoms oi bases approx 25 mm shorter

P28 s

knur ed nut

mned ately after lamp start .9. the operatrnO voltage fa s short of the iated va ue D!r ng warm up, t qradua y r ses to the va !e as me.tioned
ln the lab e. Only after about l5 ni.otes the warm up of the amp has I nished When !s ng D C. operate amp wrth nominal wattage

r) Also ava able n ,ndivdual packase

r) Valid for a mea. operat ng t ne of 2 hours pe. start n

!l

200

b (mm)

Perm ssible burning posii on

stamped base down

')

ss,6

204

pg 6)

8-32 UNC-3A

Sources of supply of auxiliary equipment (power supplies and ignition devices) are furnished upon request.

lamp Ie s rcdlced

to

OSRAM

HBO-Lamps
with Startin g Electrode

HBO
350 W

HBO
s00 w2

DC

DC

t0

>

BO

,0

w/4

15

>

125

AC
140

35

4 7...5,9

5,9 ..1,4

r0

3s0

00

67

HBO
200 w

DC

DC
> 105

224
81

60..75

HBO
100 Wl

20

65

13!4

HBO
500 w

DC
> 140

AC
220
61

14

47 ."+
36

85

AC
220

!4
67 -^,,
a1

1,1

50

I,A

ratedvalue

3,1...4.2 42

59..14 - ^

s00

100

200

500

19 500

30 000

2000

9500

28 500

57

60

2A

4l

57

2000

2850

260

1000

2850

000

s0 000

30 000

170 000

40 000

30 000

j,1 x

0,25x.o,25

4,6x22

1,1 X 4,1

200

200

265

,5

4x2,2

0,8

400

400

1oo

20

26,5

10

1B

128

110

90

108

+2

46!2

68

43!2

41

2,7

:!

4,1

3)

6)

170

!2

vertical

450

tlso

eeve w th

sleeve wlth
knurled nut

rurled nut

vertical
3)

10

ve rtica

ve

6)

6A!2

45
rrt ca

7,1

53

rtica

vertical

120 0

t2Ao

t4so

sleeve wlth
knur ed nlt

sleeve with
knur ed nut

s eeve with

10

10

10

10

knur ed nut

f,
lff
!

HBO 50 W/AC
HBO 50 W/3

tl

HBO r00 w/2

tlBo

100

w/l

HBO 200 W/2

HBO 220 W/4
HBO 350 W

FBO 500 W/2

HBO

2OO

HBO 5Ol] W

OSRAM

wiringDiasrams

La

Fig. l
For HBO s0 W/AC, HBO 75
HAO 200 W/4

Ty

W aid

La

Or
Or

DC

on DC
with

resistance operation

Ba

-xr

Lu

li,.

Lu

to

A :
B =
Cr C? :

ammeter

,"tF:

I :

fuse3amps

Fig.2
For lamps w th or w tholt stan

nar e

edrodc

coupling condenser

c=

2500 pF

grounding condenser

c - 2500 pF
choke

Di

rectifier
lam p

Le

Di

L],

L?,

DC

high voltage terminal

N :
taps of choke

on DC

neutral ead
phase ead
tcs stance
ignition circuii

sti

resistance
1000 Ohm

>

15 W
sw tch
Centra@ starter St 192

St

=t
I

22AV AC/DC

zu,
.tuvI

=J.

l1r^'

lt

H^,"J

Fig.3

,Jon

For lamps wrth starti.q e eclrode

push button
mains connectlon
22A

A.C

supply voltage

Zt=

z,:

super rnpos

ng

gnition device
vibrator gnjt on

device (Z 0-100)
iqnition lead

To

figs.2 and

3:

Operation on DCI
Operat on on either DC or AC
Operation on AC:

HBO 50 W3, HBO 100 W1, HBO t0O W2, ancl HBO 350 W
HBO 200 W, HBO 200 W/2, HBO 500 W, and HBO sOO W/2.
HBO s0 W/AC, HBO 75 W, and HBO 2OO W/4.

t
1
:i

')

o;l
1
Sc

Relative Spectral
Badiance Distribution
of Super Pressure
Mercury Lamps HBO

F)9.4

rrtrii I
)

nm (iarometrel
= 10' metres

= jo

anastroms

OSRAM
Ignition

lf both conductors of the AC

ma ns have

a potentla drfference to ground, it

does

not matter in which conductor the choke is jnserted. However, if one conductor (neutral conductor) ls grounded, it should be connected d recty to lamp or term nal 3 of
ign ter (see figs. 1 ... 3, pg. 5). lnsertion of the ballastjng gear in the grounded con
ductor might cause a bridge-over in case of fau ty insulat on, which wou d feed the
ful mains voltage to the lamp and ead to its jnstant destruction.
to the Lamp as the arc mrght be de
The choke should not be insta led adjacent
fected by the magneiic field of the choke. -lhls phenomenon may lead to instability
of the lum nous arc, and ln extreme cases to destruction of the lamp by partial over
l'earirg ol the ldrro envalope.

gn tion of HBO lamps

n
as wel as n a hot state
requ res high voltage
- a cold
ignition impulses.
Lamps without starting electrode are started wth super lmposing transformer ignlters. Connectlon is to be made as per the instructons for use of the gniter, or
according to the symbols on the gniter. The positve terminal of the ignter is to be
connected to the lower lamp base, the negatve (high voltage) termina Ls to the
upper lamp base. The igntion impulse is coupled lnto this ead. lgnition is also pos
sibe when the high voltage terminal L; is connected wth the lower lamp base. ln
this case, the upper lanp base must be connected wlth termina 4 of the igniter
and the latter with the negative terrninal of the balLast. Terminal 3 of the ign ter is
to be connected wlth the positlve termina of the bailast. ln order to keep the capacltive losses as sma I as possible (exception: special igniter versions), the ign tion
lead should be as short as poss ble (max. 300 mm). The distance of this lead from

grounded metal parts shou d be at least 30 mm.

lhe component parts of the igniters are des gned for operatjon periods of sorne
tenths of a second. This includes a certain safety margin in excess of the time which
is generally necessary to strike the lamp. A prolonged operation of the lgn ter rnay
therma ly overload some component parts and cause thelr destruction.
Lamps with starting electrode are started on princ ple w th igniter Z 0-100 (v brator
lgnition device). The base of the stariing electrode s connected to the high voltage
termlnal ofthe Lgniter. The gniton lead should be run nto the lamp house separately
from the ma n current leads, and the jnsujation should match the maximum voltage
of approx. 15 kV.. lnadequate insulation may result n flashovers to the grounded housing, or to one of the main current leads. ln this case, the lamp current fows across
the starting electrode (fig. 3, pg.5), thus heavlly overloading this electrode and
destroylng the lamp instantaneous y. ln order to lead off the ignltion impu se, both
main current leads should be bridged v a a capacitor of approx. 2500 pF [500 V AC)
and be grounded vla another capacitor of equal capacitance.
For striking lamps with starting electrode, super impos ng transformer gnters may
be used also. ln this case, the hlgh voltage terminal Llr is to be connected with the
upper base of the lamp (as on wiring diagram 2; see also paragraph above). ln this
circuit, the base of the starting electrode js not used. Please make sure in this case
that the free, unused base of the starting e ectrode is well insulated from adjacent
rnetal parts.

HBO 75 W

Lamp HBO 75 W can be operated on AC on y. lt s fitted wrth medium prefoclrs

base P 28 s. A manual reset starter St 192, and a resistor of 1000 ohms 15 W (mln.)
aTe necessary for lgn tion of a cold lamp (flg. l, pg. 5).

Warranty

It s

imperatve for a troube free performance

of HBO lamps that the auxliary

equlpment meets the requirements estab ished by the lamp manufacturer. The amps
are covered by a warranty only when power supplLes and ignlters provide prope
electric va ues as estab ished by the lamp manufacturer.

Deta led information on lght and rad ant characteristics as wel as advice for pos
s ble appl cat on of HBO lamps are contalned in catalog " HBO".
For further inforrnation are avai able:
Bequirements for Power Suppl es for DC operated Super Pressure Mercury Lamps
HBO.

Bequ rements for Power Suppl es for AC operated Super Pressure Mercury Lamps
HBO.).
Requlrements for lgn tion Devices for Super Pressure Nlercury Lamps HBO.).

") under preparatjon

OSRAM Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung

656/2/tK2/1075

Berlin.Miinchen