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SIMPLIFICATION
BASIC FORMULAE
1. (a+b) 2=a 2+b 2+2ab
2. (ab) 2=a 2+b 22ab
3. (a +b) 2 (ab) 2=4ab
TYPES OF NUMBERS
1. Natural Numbers:
1. Natural Numbers:
Counting numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are called natural numbers
2. Whole Numbers:
All counting numbers together with zero form the set of whole numbers.
Thus,
(I)
(II)
3. Integers:
4. Even Numbers:
A number divisible by 2 is called an even number, ex. 2, 4, 6, 8, etc.
5. Odd Numbers:
A number not divisible by 2 is called an odd number. e.g. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11
6. Prime Numbers:
A number greater than 1 is called a prime number, if it has exactly two factors,
namely 1 and the number itself.
7. Composite
Numbers greater than 1 which are not prime, are known as composite
numbers, e.g., 4,6,8,9,10,12.
Note:
(i) 1 is neither prime nor composite.
2. (1
+2
+3
+ ..... + n 2) = n ( n + 1 ) (2n + 1) / 6
Step 3: Again do cross multiplication and add carry (29 + 19 +9) = 36 (note
down 6 and
Step 4: Now multiply of left numbers and add carry (21 + 3) = 5, note it down.
And finally the result we get 5605.
(2) 195 x 19 =?
The result of multiplication of three and two digit number is 195 x 19 = 3705.
Step 1: Multiply 59 = 45 (note down 5 and carry 4).
Step 2: Then do cross multiplication and add carry (99 + 51 + 4) = 90 (note
down 0 and carry 9).
Step 3: Again do cross multiplication and add carry (19 + 19 +9) = 27 (note
down 7 and carry 2).
Step 4: Now multiply of left numbers and add carry (11 + 2) = 3, note it down.
And finally the result we get 3705.
(1)4295 x 19 =?
The result of multiplication of three and two digit number is 429519 = 81605.
Step 1: Multiply 59 = 45 (note down 5 and carry 4).
Step 2: Then do cross multiplication and add carry (19 + 99 + 4) = 90 (note
down 0 and carry 9).
Step 3: Again do cross multiplication and add carry (19 + 92 +9) = 36 (note
down 6 and carry 3).
Step 4: Again do cross multiplication and add carry (94 + 12 +3) =41 (note
down 1 and carry 4).
Step 5: Now multiply of left numbers and add carry (14 + 4) = 8, note it down.
And finally the result we get 81605.
(2) 3457 x 23 =?
The result of multiplication of three and two digit number is 429519 =