Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
(REFRIGERATION CYCLE)
Exp. 1 :
OBJECTIVE:
To determine the overall heat transfer coefficient between R141b and water in the
evaporator and condenser.
KEYWORDS
Refrigeration, air conditioning
OVERVIEW:
Refrigeration is used in many applications such as preservation of food and
material. In air conditioning, refrigeration is the heart of the system. It is
important to understand the principle of operation of a refrigeration unit in
particular the efficiency of the system commonly known as Coefficient Of
Performance ( C.O.P. )
1.
INTRODUCTION
Clausius statement of the Second Law states that heat will not pass from a cold to
a hotter region without the aid of an external agency. Thus a refrigerator requires
a compressor to operate. The most common type of refrigerator operates on a
vapor compression cycle.
The components of a vapor refrigeration system are:
Exp. 1 :
i.
ii.
iii.
expansion device- controls the flow of liquid refrigerant and reduces the
pressure
iv.
Condenser
Expansion device
Compressor
Evaporator
Exp. 1 :
4
Exp. 1 : Refrigeration cycle
2.
THEORY
h
The Coefficient of Performance (COP) is an indicator of performance of a
refrigeration cycle.
COP
= Refrigeration effect
Compressor work
= h1-h4
H2-h1
3.
PROCEDURES.
3.1
Start-up Procedure.
1.
2.
Turn on the Main Switch on the unit. This step will basically
start the Compressor and at the same time the two internal
lights will also illuminate. Allow the system to run for a while.
( Refer to Technician / Lecturer. )
**If the optional Temperature Indicator is installed, then the
display will also illuminate.
**If suddenly the Temperature Indicator shows OPEN, adjust
Temperature Measurement knob until the temperature reading
appears once more. ( Refer to Technician / Lecturer. )
3.
4.
5.
Exp. 1 :
Experimental Procedures.
A.
1.
2.
3.
Set the Evaporator Water flow to mid range value and allow
the unit to run for approximately between 15 to 20 minutes.
The time taken to stabilize will depend upon the local ambient
conditions and the Cooling Water Inlet Temperature.
4.
B.
1.
Adjust Water Flow Meter Control Valve for Condenser for five
different flowrate. It is highly recommended that start with
the highest flowrate of 50 g/s before finally ends up with the
lowest flowrate of 10 g/s.
2.
Exp. 1 :
C.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3.3
Shutdown Procedures.
1.
Fully open Cooling Water Flow Rate for both Evaporator and
Condenser.
2.
Exp. 1 :
3.
4.
5.
6.
Once the unit has been turned off, then the ball valves on the
unit should be closed to mimic the shut down condition.
**This will prevent the large volume of Refrigerant contained
in the Evaporator migrating into the Compressor casing due to
vapour pressure changes. The small volume of liquid in the
Condenser may migrate to the Compressor under certain
ambient conditions but this is no cause for concern.
**For Refrigerant Pump Down Step, observe that Water droplet
at condenser is getting slower and becomes less. The level
should be closer to the bottom coil.
**While opening the valve at the bottom of Evaporator, please
open slowly at first before fully open later. This is due to
pressure effect inside Evaporator.
**For Oil Return Step, observe that theres no more liquid
Refrigerant at the bottom of the Evaporator chamber.
**Also observe the sight glass ( next to Evaporator ). Ensure
there is no liquid Refrigerant during shutdown. This is to
Exp. 1 :
4.
DATA SHEET
EVAPORATOR
Gauge
Evaporator
pressure
Pe ( KN/m2)
Absolute
Evaporator
Pressure
Pe ( KN/m2)
Evaporator temperature
T5 (oC)
Evaporator Water Flow
Rate
ms ( gm /s)
Evaporator Water Inlet
Temp
T1 ( oC)
Evaporator Water outlet
Temp
T2 ( oC)
CONDENSER
Test no
Exp. 1 :
10
COMPRESSOR
Temp
T3 ( oC)
5.
Compressor
Temp
T7 ( oC)
Discharge
TASKS
EXPERIMENTAL OBJECTIVES
A.
Exp. 1 :
11
EXPERIMENTAL OBJECTIVES.
C.
Exp. 1 :
12
Useful Data :
a.)
Condenser :
b.)
Evaporator :
c.)
d.)
Exp. 1 :
13
Exp. 1 :
14
15
Exp. 1 : Refrigeration cycle
16
Exp. 1 : Refrigeration cycle