SOL 4.

2 Energy, Force and Motion Test Date: December 6th

Position of objects
The position of an object can be described by comparing it with
surrounding objects that seem NOT to be moving.

Position is the location of an Object in relation to a fixed point.

Key position words include:

Behind
Below
Left
Right
Ahead
Above

2 students are above the monkey bars.

3 students are below the monkey bars.
The swing set is beside the monkey bars.

Force

A force is a push or pull that causes an object to move, stop or change

speed of direction.

The greater the force, the greater the change in motion will be.
The larger the object, the less effect the force will have on the object.
Unless acted upon by a force, objects in motion tend to stay in motion
and objects at rest remain at rest.
Objects move:
UP
DOWN
FORWARD
BACKWARDS
SIDEWAYS

ALL WITH JUST A PUSH OR PULL

Speed

Speed describes how fast an object is moving.

Speed is the measure of motion.
Direction is another measure of motion.
On a highway, most cars will try to remain at a steady speed
On the interstate, the speed limit is increased to 65 mph.
In a school zone, cars have to decrease to a speed of 25 mph.

FRICTION
FRICTION is the resistance to motion created by 2 objects rubbing against
each other.

It creates heat!

If there were no friction, it would be easy to pull large, heavy objects across
the floor.
If there were no friction, you would not be able to walk! Your shoes would
not grip the ground and you would slide.

Without friction you would not even be able to pick anything up, because you
would not be able to grip the object. It would just slip right out of your
hands!

To get the most out of friction we even wear special shoes like baseball

cleats, soccer cleats, basketball shoes and track shoes.

Friction wears objects down. This is why the bottoms of your shoes slowly
disappear and why your parents have to buy new tires for the car.

INERTIA
Isaac Newton developed the laws of gravity and motion.

The Law of INERTIA says that an object at rest (not moving) will
stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted
upon by an outside force.
(If it is moving, it will keep moving until something stops it)

Kinetic or Potential Energy

Energy may exist in two states: KINETIC or POTENTIAL
A moving object has kinetic energy.
Kinetic Energy is the energy of MOTION.
If you have a moving object you have kinetic energy the energy
of motion!

Potential Energy is called that because it has the POTENTIAL to

turn into kinetic energy.

When the car is at the top of the hill it pauses then it has
POTENTIAL ENERGY.
When you take the big plunge and your stomach feels like it is in
your throat, you are experiencing KINETIC ENERGY!

Motion Forces at Work

Position

a certain place relative to another object

Inertia

an object at rest (not moving) will stay at rest

and an object in motion will stay in motion
unless acted upon by an outside force.

Speed

the measure of how fast an object is moving

Force
Friction

a push or pull that causes an object to move,

stop, or change speed or direction
the resistance of motion caused by two objects
rubbing against each other

Energy

the ability to do work

Kinetic Energy

the energy of motion

Potential Energy
Hypothesis
Constant
Data
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable

the stored ability of an object to move

An educated guess/prediction about what will
happen based on what you already know and
what you have learned from your research
The factors that are purposefully kept the same
during the experiment
Information gathered during an experiment
The one variable that is changed on purpose in
an experiment
The variable in an experiment that is being
measured. It may change because of the
Independent variable.