LALAINE JOY L.

LAB-INGON
CAS-BSA 2A
AGRICULTURE--the science, art, or occupation concerned with cultivating land,
raising crops, and feeding, breeding, and raising livestock; farming and the
production of crops, livestock, or poultry.
Horticulture is the science and art of producing, improving, marketing, and using
fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants. It differs from botany and other
plant sciences in that horticulture incorporates both science and aesthetics.
Agronomy is a branch of agricultural science that deals with the study of crops and
the soils in which they grow.
Plant breeding is the purposeful manipulation of plant species in order to create
desired genotypes and phenotypes for specific purposes.
Crop protection is the science and practice of managing plant diseases, weeds and
other pests (both vertebrate and invertebrate)that damage agricultural crops and
forestry. Agricultural crops include field crops (maize, wheat, rice, etc.), vegetable
crops (potatoes, cabbages, etc.) and fruits.
Soil science the branch of science concerned with the formation, nature, ecology,
and classification of soils and deals with soil as a natural resource on the surface of
the earth including soil formation, classification and mapping; physical, chemical,
biological, and fertility properties of soils per se; and these properties in relation to
the use and management of soils.
Pomology is a branch of horticulture that focuses on the cultivation of edible fruit
and nut crops, especially tree-grown crops: the science and practice of growing
fruit.
Olericulture is a branch of horticulture that deals with the production, storage,
processing, and marketing of vegetables.
Viticulture means the production of grapes. It can also refer to the branch of
science, which involves the study of grapes. It is a subdivision of horticulture and is
a course offered in many colleges and universities. Winemaking is closely connected
to viticulture, however, viticulture is a broad representation of many aspects of
grape production and not just wine.
Tissue culture, a method of biological research in which fragments of tissue from an
animal or plant are transferred to an artificial environment in which they can
continue to survive and function. The cultured tissue may consist of a single cell, a
population of cells, or a whole or part of an organ. Cells in culture may multiply;
change size, form, or function; exhibit specialized activity (muscle cells, for
example, may contract); or interact with other cells.the growth in an artificial
medium of cells derived from living tissue.

Biotechnology is the use of biological processes, organisms, or systems to

manufacture products intended to improve the quality of human life. The earliest
biotechnologists were farmers who developed improved species of plants and
animals by cross pollenization or cross breeding. In recent years, biotechnology has
expanded in sophistication, scope, and applicability.
Seed Technology In simple words, seed technology is the science dealing with the
methods of improving physical and genetical characteristics of seed.The various
aspects coming under seed technology are seed production, seed processing, seed
certification, seed testing, seed storage, seed biology, seed entomology, seed
pathology and seed marketing.
Plant growth and development is often substituted with by crop growth and yield.
This is so because plant agriculture is mainly concerned with crops and their
economic products (click here to read What is a Crop?). Indeed, a farmer may be
concerned only with his corn crop and its grain yield. He may not consider other
plants except the weeds which can have adverse effects on productivity.
Agricultural technology refers to technology for the production of machines used on
a farm to help with farming.
Cultural management practices The importance of urban vegetable production to
improve food security in cities of developing countries is recognized by an
increasing number of stakeholders. However, knowledge on appropriate production
technologies for urban environments is often lacking. This paper gives a
comprehensive overview on basic cultural management practices for vegetable
production in urban Philippines. The areas covered are: cultivars selection, methods
of planting, soil, water and weed management, and pest and disease control.