INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT,

NIRMA UNIVERSITY
MBA-FT (2016-18)
Macroeconomics
Group Assignment
Phase 4 & 5
State: JHARKHAND

Submitted to
Prof. Nirmal Chandrakant Soni

Submitted By:
Avishek Mukherjee (161212)
Kumar Gaurav (161218)
Prateek Sharma (161243)
Sagar Goyal (161250)

Introduction
Jharkhand was founded out of the southern part of Bihar in 2000. Jharkhands name is
derived from the word jhari, which means shrubs. This name was given to it due to the
variety of flora and fauna found within the state. It is famed for its wealth in minerals and
forest products. It has around 24 districts spread out over an area of 79,714 sq. km. The state
accounts for a mind boggling 40% of the countrys deposits in uranium, bauxite, mica,
graphite, gold, iron, copper, coal, silver, granite etc. The list is almost endless. Due to this
wealth of natural mineral resources, Jharkhand is home to leading industrialised cities like
Ranchi, Bokaro, Jamshedpur, Dhanbad. Forests occupy around 29% of the area of the state,
this is one of the highest percentages in India.
The workforce of the state is mostly engaged in wage labour, agriculture, forest produce,
animal husbandry, mining and household industry. In recent times the livelihood of
households engaged in agriculture and non-timber forest products are in danger due to a huge
depletion in natural resources over time. The reason for this being rapid industrialisation. This
has resulted in a large-scale migration of population to urban areas. More secure job options
as available in the service and industrial sectors is largely limited to the industrial areas like
Jamshedpur, Ranchi, Bokaro and Dhanbad.
The Gross State Domestic Product of the state has shown an impressive growth of 12.4%
from 1999-00 to 2006-07, rising from $7.33 billion to $16.61 billion. The per capita income
however is still below the national average. It is expected to rise in the coming years due to
the exploitation of untapped mineral resources within the state. The structural composition of
the state has changed from the primary to the secondary sector in recent years.
The state is well connected by road, rail and air to the other parts of the country. In the year
2004-2005 it had a higher rail density than the all-India average. It however has scarcity in
terms of telecom infrastructure in that it only has an estimated 2.63 connections per thousand.
This is very low when compared to the national average of 200 wireless connections per
thousand.
Huge availability of coal makes Jharkhand the perfect state for setting up thermal power
plants. The installed capacity in 2007 was around 2,017 MW, out of which thermal plants
contributed around 1,875 MW. The Damodar Valley Corporation has an installed capacity of

2,840 MW. It generates around 9,000 tonnes of fly ash every day from the coal-based power
thermal power plants. The fly ash thus produced is used in cement and brick manufacturing.
The state has three Industrial Area Development Authorities (IADAs) based at Bokaro,
Adityapur (in Jamshedpurs outskirts) and Ranchi. The state has planned to establish threetier growth centres at mega, mini and micro levels. The major agendas being; providing
capital investment, interest subsidy and infrastructure support to these centres.

Comparison growth in GSDP and GDP at factor cost (constant prices)

Year
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16

GSDP
-3.2
2.38
20.52
-1.75
10.14
15.86
4.49
7.43
8.91
8.53
8.83

GDP
9.48
9.57
9.32
6.72
8.59
8.91
6.69
4.47
4.74
7.3
7.56

Growth in GSDP and GDP at factor cost (Constant Prices)

25
20
15
10
5
0
-5

GSDP

GDP

The GSDP of the state is forecasted to increase at a rate of 8.83% and the NSDP at 8.9% in
the 2015-2016 financial year. This is the fourth consecutive year when both have recorded an

impressive growth and is the third year when the growth rate has been greater than 8%. The
year to year growth rates of GSDP between 2004-05 and 2015-16 has been 7.47%. The
growth rate in this period was lessened due to the poor economic years of 2005-06, 2006-07,
2008-09 and 2011-12. In 2005-06 and 2008-09 the growth rates were negative. If these few
Year
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16

per capita
NSDP
-5.96
0.12
20.48
-5.38
8.39
12.98
3.84
6.91
6.93
7.16
7.46

years are not considered the average year

per capita
GDP
7.575
7.594
6.988
2.382
6.951
8.755
5.231
4.269
5.313
5.936
6.277

to year growth rate would be around

11.5%.
The performance of Jharkhand has been
better than the national average in these
last few years. In 2013-2014, the growth
rate for the state was more than the
national average. The Compound Annual
Growth Rate of GSDP between 2011-12
and 2013-14 has also been better than the

all India rates. Thus, its share in national output has increased.

Comparison of NSDP and GDP (per capita)

NSDP and GDP (per capita)
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
Per Capita NSDP

Per Capita GDP

The growth rate in per capita in the period between 2005-2016 has been impressive except
for the few bad years of 2004-05, 2005-06, 2008-09 and 2001-12. In 2004-05 and 2008-09
the growth rate was negative and in 2005-06 and 2011-12 it was very low. Excluding these
years, the average growth rate in per capita income has been around in 10%. The per capita

income has grown at around 7.18% (CAGR) since the 12 th five-year plan in 2012-13. The
growth rate in this period has been reasonable high and stable. If the state economy grows at
this rate, then the per capita income of the state will get doubled every ten years.
The growth in per capita income in Jharkhand has been higher than the national growth rate.
The per capita income at current prices in Jharkhand has increased by
14.65 percent and by 6.93 percent at constant prices while in India they
have increased by 10.44 and 2.84 percent, respectively.

Agricuture and Allied Sector

Agricuture and Allied sector consist of agriculture,forestry & logging and fishing.The
agriculture remained the dominan sub sector among these since 2004, it has an output
percentage during 2004-05 and above 80% thereafter. The estimated growth rate of
agriculture & allied sector is at 8.58% during 2015-16. Its contribution to the GSDP has also
increased from about 11 percent to about 14 percent between 2004-05 and 2015-16. Because
of the dominant position of this sub-sector in the agriculture and allied sector, the growth
rate of this sub-sector almost coincides with the growth rate of the whole of agriculture and
allied sector. The perennial sources of water are absent and there is recurrent drought in the
state, despite of which the annual growth rate in fisheries is around 17% for last 11 years. Its
contribution to the total output of agriculture and allied sector, however, has been
insignificant. Its share in the output of this sector was only 1.2 percent in 2004-05, but has
improved to 2.7 percent in 2015-16.The annual growth of 54.65 percent in 2006-07 is
recorded as high and low as minus 7.05 in 2009-10 which was recorded the lowest. This
sector attained its tbe growth after 2011-12 due to improved rainfall. The total cultivable
land in the State is 52% as compared with 55% of the country, but only 43% area of this is
under net sown area compared to national average of 76%.The state receives a decent
rainfall despite of the cropped area and cropping level are low. The technology advancement
and adaptability are limited and poor which are responsible reason for poor or lower
productivity. The cultivable area is estimated around 3.8 million ha but the net sown area is
2.56 million and only 12% of cropped area is under irrigation.

Role of Private and public Sector

The growth in agriculture sector has increased the investment in seed. Private seed
companies have started increasing its investment whereas their main focus ins on hybrid
quality of seeds where profit margin are high. Consequently, the price of seeds available to
the marginal and poor farmers is very high. The way that people in general area Seed
creation is not proportionate with the necessities of the agriculturists facilitate adds to their
wretchedness. Keeping up a solid neighbourhood seed framework that is all around
connected to the R&D framework is a need. A considerable lot of the privately adjusted
seeds don't discover a place in the formal seed market as they are not gainful.
In Jharkhand repositories (115000 Ha.) are the real wellspring of aquaculture assets. Tanks
are viewed as real concentration assets (85% of tanks with 72% partake in the TSA in
private area) for improvement. The Department of Fisheries has additionally begun
centering its consideration on the utilization of relinquished coal pits and stone quarries.

Industry and Mining Sector

The advance of a state is all things considered measured by its modern advancement. In spite
of the fact that agribusiness has its own particular significance and gives the essential
necessities of life, yet only it can't take a state forward. Indeed, even to modernize and make
strides farming, industrialization is fundamental. With Make in India advancing at a quick
pace, Jharkhand has additionally taken after its strides and propelled Make in Jharkhand,
which can likewise support the modern division of the state. Jharkhand is turning into the
vanguard of industrialization among the Indian States. To guarantee customary and super
venture, the State has possessed the capacity to persuade the envoys of ventures to pick
Jharkhand as a favored speculation goal. In like manner, major modern houses have inked
MoUs with the State Government. Jharkhand is right away creating around 20-25 percent of
the aggregate steel being delivered in the nation. With the proposed development of various
incorporated steel plants, Jharkhand will create more than 25 MT of steel what's more, in this
manner will turn into the potential steel-center point of India.

Sub Sectoral share of Industry

The share of manufacturing in the aggregate yield of the mechanical part is the most elevated,
as it possesses 41 percent share, trailed by mining and quarrying exercises that possess 35
percent of the estimation of the aggregate yield of the modern division. Development
possesses 21 percent of the share in the aggregate yield, and power, gas and water supply
possess 3 percent. In spite of the fact that, it can be seen that assembling contributes the lion's
share partake in the aggregate yield of the modern segment, its partake in the aggregate yield
of the mechanical division is decreasing. In 2004-05 the share of assembling in the aggregate
yield of the modern area was 64 percent, and has lessened to 41 percent.
Sub-sectors
Manufacturing - Registered

Cont. to
GSDP
130596
8

%age
30.453
9

Manufacturing - Unregistered

526644

12.280
8

Construction

883930

20.612
4

Electricity, Gas and Water Supply

111403

2.5978
1

146039
9

Mining and Quarrying

34.055
1

The share of development has expanded from 12 percent to 21 percent, correspondingly the
share of mining and quarrying has likewise expanded from 21 percent to 35 percent. The
general development of the Industrial division is low, development is the principle driver to
the development of this division, and the assembling part has a negative development,
particularly the unregistered producing. Despite the fact that, the figures for 2014-15
furthermore, 2015-16 are anticipated figures, with the new activities that have been taken up
by the division, it can be normal that the overhauled figures may demonstrate a positive
direction.
Share of the sub-sectors of Industry in the total value of output of industrial sector

Manufactur
ing Registered
Manufactur
ing Unregistered
Construction
Electricity,
Gas and
Water Supply
Mining and
Quarrying

2004
-05

2005
-06

2006
-07

2007
-08

2008
-09

2009
-10

2010
-11

2011
-12

2012
-13

2013
-14

2014
-15

2015
-16

55.6

46.2

40.4

53.3

39.2

37.7

40.5

32.9

34

32.7

30.5

28.2

10.9

12.8

10.7

12.4

13.2

10.8

11.7

12

12.1

12.3

12.5

11.6

15.2

18.5

14.4

18.8

19.3

18.6

19.1

19.1

19.7

20.6

21.5

2.9

3.1

3.9

3.4

2.8

2.9

1.4

2.4

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

20.9

24.6

24.3

18.3

26.8

26.9

28.7

33.9

32.1

32.8

34.1

35.2

Government Initiatives
Government Initiatives The Department of Industries organizations like Industrial Area
Development Authorities, Jharkhand, State Khadi & Village industries Board, Jharkhand
Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation (JIIDCO), Single Window Society and
JHARCRAFT are making significant contributions in industrialization of the State.
Government is also committed to provide international standard infrastructure and facilities
in the industrial areas and estates managed by the Industrial Area Development Authorities.
Jharkhand Government is also keenly working towards skill development, improving exports,
mineral based products, agriculture and processed food products, to ensure increased
industrial development across the State. Jharkhand is leading and is wooing investors in
mineral exploration, plastics and rubber, chemicals, electrical, cement, metallurgy and
automobile components, equipments for heavy engineering companies etc. There have been
several new initiatives that have been taken up by the Department of Industries, Government
of Jharkhand. With the state of Jharkhand being ranked third in the ease of doing business
by the World Bank, a huge morale boost for the state economy, the department has taken up
Make in Jharkhand, in sync with the Make in India campaign. With enabling a single window

portal to help investors, to launching of the Food Processing Industry Policy 2015, the Feed
Processing Industry Policy 2015, the Industrial Park Policy 2015 and the Export policy 2015
has put Jharkhand on the forefront on its way to becoming the Industrial hub of the country.

Mining Sector
Jharkhand state is a part of the Indian Peninsular Shield, and is a stable cratonic block of the
earths crust. Jharkhand, a place that is known for huge mineral potential has a brilliant past
and a lively and element future. The state having solid basics of modern development with
old legacy of mining and mineral investigation gives a superb chance to future interest in the
mineral part. Jharkhand is a storehouse of incomprehensible mineral assets. With a large
percentage of mineral reserves, the revenue collection by the department has been
continuously increasing. From Rs. 2135 crores, in 2010-11 to Rs. 3449 crores, in 2014-15.
The attempts of State will be to assemble the mineral creation from 150 million ton to 200
million ton in the twelfth five year orchestrate period. This can be expert by opening new
mines and likewise choice of e-organization in salary gathering and by working up some new
front line systems for checking wage spillages in the State.
Availability of raw materials
Quantity of Minerals
Plenty
Sufficient
Insufficient

Minerals available
China Clay, Fireclay, Magnetite, Graphite, Kyanite, Copper, Bauxite, Feldspar,
Mica & Decorative Stones.
Coal, Iron Ore, Limestone, Quartz Quartzite, Dolomite, Pyroxenite
Andalusite, Manganese, Chromite, Beryl, Talc, Gold, Bentonite

10

Services Sector
The service sector has been the essential performer in the Jharkhand economy. In the last 11
years (2006-2016), it has grown at an annual rate of around 11%. Except for the year 20112012 this sector has been recoding an impressive growth. It grew at an average annual rate of
around 12% during the 11th Five Year Plan period (2007-2012) and is forecasted to grow at a
compound annual rate of 11.8% during the first four years of the 12th plan period.
Present division of the Service Sector

Overview of the service sector

The service sector is the dominant sector in the Jharkhand economy in terms of contribution
to states GSDP and growth rate. Growth in this sector has been across all its components.
Except for railways, hotels and restaurants, trade and other services, the growth of all the
other sub-sectors has been in two digits. Sectors that have recorded the highest growth in the
period 2004-05 to 2015-16 (more than 15%) have been banking and insurance,
communication, and public administration. The overall growth of the economy, the revolution
in communication, growth in financial bodies and the hike in the salary of government

11

workers after the 6th Pay Commission have played a pivotal role in achieving this high level
of growth.
Despite the overall good performance in all the sub-sectors their relative contribution to this
sector has changed due to the difference in their growth rate. The share of the communication
sector has increased from 2.4% to 8%. The share of the banking and insurance sector has
increased from 7% to about 11%. The contribution of the public administration sector has
increased from 12% to 18%. The share of trade, hotels and restaurants and other services in
the total output has decreased in the last eleven years.

12

Employment
The primary indictors used to understand the employment situation are the Labour Force
Participation Rate (LFPR) and Unemployment Rate (UR).

Figure: Gender-wise Labour Force Participation in India & Jharkhand

From the figure it is observed that Jharkhand has a LFPR of 31.4 percent which is lower than
the national average of 36.4 percent. Though India as a whole has a very low level of women
labour force participation (16.8%), yet in Jharkhand, even fewer women (9.2%) participate in
the labour force. The situation is worse in the urban areas, where the LFPR for women is only
6 percent as compared to that in the rural areas (10.1%). The problem becomes compounded
when the low LFPR is combined with a comparatively high level of UR for women in the
state (6.8%). Once again, for urban women, the UR is as high as 11 percent compared to 6.2
percent in the rural areas. This indicates that the state needs to do a lot in terms of
encouraging women to participate in the labor force and also to reduce their high level of
unemployment in order to enhance the productive capacity of the state.

New Initiatives Undertaken:

13

The employment wing of the directorate of employment and training, Government of

Jharkhand (GOJ), has undertaken some new initiatives where a model career centre is
established in Ranchi with the assistance of the central government. Similarly, two more
model career centers are being set up in Dhanbad and
Jamshedpur through the utilization of the state fund. The department is waiting for the
approval of three more such centers at Dumka, Deoghar and Hazaribagh. These centers will
facilitate the process of creating a bridge between the job seekers and the job providers by
enabling them to develop their skills through training programs and helping them to make
right career decisions. So far, the department has been able to supply data for 6, 46,484
candidates to the National Career Service Portal and steps are taken to create an online link
with the National Portal.
Qualification
ITI
Diploma
PG
Middle
10th Pass
12th Pass*
Graduate**

Registration
14421
15958
2143
6684
55144
73539
31750

Skill Development in Jharkhand

Human resource is considered as one of the primary factors of production and a state with
productive and skilled labour force will help improve the standard of living of its people.
India has a large population of young and aspiring individuals responsible for demographic
dividend in the country. In order to properly utilize this demographic dividend, India needs to
provide its youth with quality employment, and hence, there is a greater need to enhance the
skill of its youths and to make them employable in this rapidly changing world. In order to
enhance the skill base of the youth of the state, Jharkhand government has taken several
initiatives.

Skill Development Initiative Schemes (SDIS) based on Modular Employable Skill

(MES):
Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India (GoI), undertook the development
of a strategic framework for skill development to provide employable skills to the jobseekers

14

and to test and certify the skills of the on-job workers. The ministry launched the Skill
Development Initiative Scheme (SDIS) in May 2007. Directorate General of Employment &
Training, GoI, has designed the guidelines for implementation of SDIS through NCVT course
modules. This scheme is fully funded by central government and is implemented by the
states/ Union Territories (UTs).
The beneficiaries of the scheme primarily include:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Early school leavers

Existing workers in unorganized sector
Engaged or liberated child labour
Others as per SDIS guidelines

At present there are 578 modules running under 68 sectors out of which training is delivered
in 30 sectors. The number of registered VTS (vocational training schemes) stands at 93 with
14 being run by the government and rest by the private sector.
Table: Status of VTS
Financial Year
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
Total

Expenditure (in )
1,99,81,450
5,68,98,700
2,48,50,016
33,74,529
10,51,04,695

No. of Trained Candidates

9597
33544
19638
62779

Schemes aimed at promoting welfare of the laborers:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The Modified Migrant Labour Scheme

Occupational Health Laboratory
Easy dispute resolution
Scholarship for children of workers
Social Security

A notification was issued for revision of minimum wages. As per this notification,
minimum wages for unskilled workers will be revised to Rs. 210 per day, as compared to Rs.
187 earlier. This will benefit a large number of workers (about 90%) in the unorganized
sectors of Jharkhand. For contract workers, working in factories, and for skilled workers also
minimum wage is revised at the rate of Rs. 252 per person. The details of the minimum
wages prevailing in Jharkhand are provided in Table.

15

Type of
Workers

Minimum
Wages as
on March
2015

Total
Minimum
Wages

127.00
131.00

Variable
Dearness
Allowance
w.e.f.-April
2015
60.43
62.34

Unskilled
Semiskilled
Skilled
Highly
Skilled
Clerical

Variable
Dearness
Allowance
w.e.f.
October 2015
2.47
2.59

Existing
Minimum
Wages

187.43
193.34

Minimum
Wages
w.e.f.
August
2015
210.00
220.00

176.00
203.00

83.75
96.60

259.75
299.60

290.00
335.00

3.42
3.95

293.42
338.95

176.00

83.75

259.75

290.00

3.42

293.42

212.47
222.59

Child Labour in Jharkhand

Majority of child labour in Jharkhand are employed in hotels/dhabas, as domestic workers, in
brick kilns, bidi making, coal picking, mining, begging, garage, automobile workshops,
building construction, stone crushing, rag picking etc. According to NSSO (66th round of
Survey) data on child labour in major Indian states, 2009-10 for the age group 5-14 years,
Jharkhand has 82,468 child labour, which constitutes about 1.65 percent of its total labour
force of which 67,807 are boys and 14,661 are girls. An estimated 33,000 girls are trafficked
each year from Jharkhand. Most of these children below 18 years of age are victims of
trafficking and exploitation and are either illiterate or semi-literate and are forced to work in
household, brothels, restaurants and factories. In the effort to eliminate child labour, a comprehensive action has been taken by the labour department of Jharkhand in collaboration with
several other departments of the state to prevent child labour practices in the state. For example, the Jharkhand Police is implementing Op-eration Muskan, Department of Social
Welfare has constituted SCPCR (Sate commission for protection of Child Rights) and
CWCs which are working efficiently in the State. Some of the trade unions are also involved
in the process of elimination of child labour in the state through their by-laws. Sensitive
policing, sensitization of parents/guardians of vulnerable children, crea-tion of child friendly
communities at the village/ ward level, increasing outreach of government schemes and
improving accessibility to qual-ity educational facilities and skill building pro-grammes are
some of the initiatives undertaken by the community level workers, media, NGOs and
department officials for the cause.

16

Jharkhand Skill Mission Society

Jharkhand Skill Development Mission Society (JSDMS) registered on 1st October, 2013
under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 to function as an autonomous organization under
the Department of Planning and Development, Government of Jharkhand. However, JSDMS
was made an autonomous institution under the Department of Labour, Employment, Training
& Skill Development, Government of Jharkhand, through the state government notification
dated 18 June, 2015.
In order to augment the skill development process in the state, JSDMS wants to enhance the
employability of the youth and empower them to take part in the economic growth of
Jharkhand as well as India. The aim is to offer professional and skill training in modern and
market driven professions at reasonable cost and monitor its delivery. JSDMS is also focused
on delivering quality programs through its partners and has put emphasis on the development
of a competent curriculum, which should be based on the National Occupational Standards
(NOS) and Qualification Packs (QPs) developed by the Sector Skill Councils established
under the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC). The focus of the training should
be on the high impact sectors of Jharkhand, which include Agriculture, Food Processing,
Domestic Workers, Security, Handicrafts, Construction, Mining, Power & Utilities, Tourism
& Hospitality, Retail, Telecom, Apparel, Beauty & Wellness, Transportation & Logistics,
Automotive, IT/ITES, etc. The training curriculum must have mandatory modules on soft
skills, computer literacy, financial literacy and entrepreneurship and adequate practical and
on-job training/internship opportunities.

17

Implications
Agriculture and Allied Sectors
The state fall under the agro-climatic zone-7 which has further sub divided into three sub
zones. The average annual rainfall in Jharkhand is 1300 mm which gives a wide opportunity
for agricultural sector. The better use of water through different water conservation
technique would also increase productivity in this sector like
a) Building infrastructure of medium and small check dams, tanks, ponds and small ditches with
farmers participation to develop additional irrigation facilities.
b) Increase soil condition to hold water capacity and adopting water conserving irrigation
methods i.e. Drip , sprinkler etc.
The soil of Jharkhand mainly are red soil and black soil along with suitable weather
condition provides a favourable condition for horticulture, floriculture etc. Improving the
water supply channel to the drought affected area would increase productivity and hence
improves or encourages the food processing industries in the state. The other fact like quality
of seed producer is another major challenge which can be improved by inviting the public
and private sector in seed production programme and establish a reservoir for seed at state
and district level.

Industry and Mining Sector

Jharkhand is one of the wealthiest mineral zones on the planet and brags of 40 for every
penny and 29 for every penny of India's mineral and coal holds individually. Because of its
huge mineral stores, mining and mineral extraction are the real enterprises in the state.
Jharkhand is the main state in India to create coking coal, uranium and pyrite. With 25.7 for
each penny of the aggregate iron mineral (hematite) holds, Jharkhand positions second
among the states. The state's enterprises appreciate an exceptional area particular preferred
standpoint as it is near the tremendous market of eastern India. It is nearer to the ports of
Kolkata, Haldia and Paradip which helps in transportation of minerals. The state has pulled in
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) value inflows worth US$ 93 million amid the period April
2000 to March 2016, as per information discharged by Department of Industrial Policy and
Promotion (DIPP).

18

19

Services Sector
As we can see that the most robust sub-sector in the services sector is the Hotel and
Restaurants sector. Private companies should seek to enter this sector as it has shown
constantly high returns over the past eleven years. The real estate, banking, transport, and
communication sectors have also shown a constant growth rate especially from after 2008-09.
This implies that private companies would greatly benefit from entering these sectors. More
players stepping in to this sector would strengthen the economy further. The government
should take relevant steps to see that potential players find it easy to step into these subsectors.
The public administration sector shows relatively slow yet constant growth; this implies a
poor a poor performance of governmental institutions within the state. The government
should take relevant steps to remedy this. The Railway sector as well shows almost no
growth. Relevant steps like introducing more trains and increasing the railway transport
network should be taken.

Employment
Jharkhand has a very low labour force participation rate; especially women labour force
participation rate is extremely low in the state. The state unemployment rate is higher than the
national average. However, government of Jharkhand has taken major steps to improve the
labour market outcome in the state including reforms in the labour laws and incorporation of
skill development initiatives for its youth. The government has decided to set up I.T.I.s in all
the districts of the state including development of Women I.T.I.s. Due the recent initiatives
taken up by the government of Jharkhand, it ranked 3rd among all the states in India in the
ease of doing business ranking by the World Bank.

References:
1. http://planfin.jharkhand.gov.in/updates/Jharkhand_Economics_Survey_2015_16.pdf
2. http://www.ibef.org/download/JHARKHAND_060608.pdf Investment Climate in
Jharkhand - India Brand Equity
3. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/2235461181699473021/3876782-1181699502708/fullreport.pdf JHARKHAND - World Bank

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4. Official Website of Government of Jharkhand. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.jharkhand.gov.in

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