QUANTUM THEORY GROUP:

FROM DISCOVERY TO INNOVATION

PHY4370
QUANTUM MECHANICS
Pawel Hawrylak
Advanced Research Complex Rm 407
Phone: 613 562-5800 ext 2690
Email: pawel.hawrylak@uottawa.ca
http://mysite.science.uottawa.ca/phawrylak/index.html
Lecture Schedule:
Mondays,
13:00 ! 14:30 Minto Sports Complex SCS218
Wednesdays, 11:30 ! 13:00 Minto Sports Complex SCS218
Office hours:
Mondays
15:00-16:00;
Wednesdays 14:00-15:00
Please come and see me if you have questions.

QUANTUM MECHANICS
TEACHING ASSISTANT:
Zohreh Hirbodvash
ARC 230
zhirb005@uottawa.ca

QUANTUM MECHANICS
Date

Topics

Reading

Sept 7 2016

Organization, why QM?

BJ

Sept 12 2016

BJ

Sept 19 2016

QM Primer: QM Primer : Wave description of particles. Schroedinger equation.

Operators. Eigenstates. Quantum Well.
Harmonic oscillator. Central potential, orbital angular momentum and hydrogen atom.
Stationary perturbation theory.
electron spin, Berry" s phase, Weyl" s equation,

Sept 21 2016

electron spin, Berry" s phase, Weyl" s equation,

BJ

Sept 26 2016

Coupling of angular momentum.

BJ

Sept 28 2016

spin orbit interaction,

BJ

Oct 3 2016
Oct 5 2016

BJ
BJ

Oct 10 2016
Oct 12 15 2016

Time-dependent perturbation theory.

Time-dependent perturbation theory.
Photons. Interaction of particles with light ! emission/absorption of photons
Thanksgiving
Scattering theory. Resonances.

Oct 24 2016
Oct 26 2016
Oct 31 2016
Nov 2 2016
Nov 9 2016
Nov 14 2016

Reading
Reading
Systems
Systems
Systems
Systems

Week
Week
of identical
of identical
of identical
of identical

particles:
particles:
particles:
particles:

bosons and fermions.

statistics
bosons
fermions and mbody problem.

BJ
BJ
BJ
BJ
BJ

Nov 16 2016
Nov 21 2016
Nov 23 2016
Nov 28 2016
Nov 30 2016

Systems
Systems
Systems
Systems
Systems

of identical
of identical
of identical
of identical
of identical

particles:
particles:
particles:
particles:
particles:

exchange interaction
atoms
molecules
materials
materials ! topology and Berrys phase

BJ
BJ
BJ
BJ
BJ

Dec 5 2016

Systems of identical particles: materials ! topology and Berrys phase

BJ

Dec 7 2016

Unanswered questions , summary and review of material

BJ

Dec 11-17 2016

Exam week ! final exam

Sept 14 2016

BJ
BJ

BJ

QUANTUM MECHANICS
Course description: (describe the main topics to be covered in the course)
Electron spin.
Coupling of angular momentum.
Time-dependent perturbation theory.
Systems of identical particles: bosons and fermions.
Scattering theory.
Berry" s phase and topology.
Prerequisites:
PHY 3370: INTRODUCTORY QUANTUM MECHANICS
Wave description of particles. Mathematical background and postulates.
Operators. Eigenstates. Schroedinger equation.
Harmonic oscillator.
Central potential, orbital angular momentum and hydrogen atom.
Stationary perturbation theory.
Corequisites:
Good math skills

QUANTUM MECHANICS
Textbook:
Bransden & Joachain,Quantum Mechanics, 2/E
Additional reading:
Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
B. Andrei Bernevig, Taylor L. Hughes, Topological Insulators and Topological Superconductors,
Princeton University Press (2013).
Devrim Guclu, Pawel Potasz, Marek Korkusinski and Pawel Hawrylak,
# Graphene Quantum Dots# , Springer-Verlag (2014) .
Lucjan Jacak, Pawel Hawrylak, and Arek Wojs, "Quantum Dots", Springer Verlag (1998).
Grading (How students will be assessed. Weight of assignments, tests, and final exam)
Participation and attendance (20%)
Problems (50%) (problems are due at the beginning of class. Late problems are penalized.
Collaboration is encouraged, copying from others is not)
Midterm exam (10%)
Final exam (20%).
As in all courses, the University of Ottawa policies about academic honesty and plagiarism
apply (http://www.uottawa.ca/plagiarism.pdf,
http://web5.uottawa.ca/mcssmc/academicintegrity/documents/2011/academic-integrity-students-guide.pdf)

QUANTUM MECHANICS

WHY QUANTUM MECHANICS?

BOOKS ! HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE:

BLACK BODY RADIATION

PHOTO-ELECTRIC EFFECT
PLANCKs CONSTANT
COMPTON SCATTERING
BOHR" s THEORY OF HYDROGEN ATOM

..

QUANTUM MECHANICS TODAY?

Nobel Prize in Physics 1906

"in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental

investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases"

Sir Joseph John Thomson

discovery of the electron (1897)

J. J. Thomson

to the electron -- may it never be of any use to anybody

-- J. J. Thomson's favorite toast

QUANTUM THEORY

V Solvay Conference: Photons and electrons

Brussels, October 1927

birth of electronics, Bell Laboratories

0.5#

the first transistor made of Germanium

1947

Point Contact Transistor

this article, Scientific American, Sep. 1948,

offers the earliest survey of transistor technology

press release of the transistor

Nobel Prize in Physics 1956

"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the

transistor effect"

William Bradford Shockley

John Bardeen

Walter Houser Brattain

Nobel Prize in Physics 2000

"for basic work on information and communication technology"

"for developing semiconductor
heterostructures used in high-speed and
optoelectronics"

Zhores I Alferov

Herbert Kroemer

"for his part in the invention of

the integrated circuit"

Jack S Kilby

WE MAKE MORE TRANSISTORS THAN GRAINS OF RICE!

How will ELECTRONICS

AND PHOTONICS behave
AT THE ATOMIC SCALE?
Quantum phenomena?

another amazing effect of the quantum nature of electrons

SPIN

NANOSPINTRONICS WITH QUANTUM DOTS

ELECTRON HAS SPIN

Stern-Gerlach Experiment
In 1921, Otto Stern and Walter Gerlach performed an
experiment which showed the quantization of electron spin into
two orientations.

OTTO STERN
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1943

"for his contribution to the development of the

molecular ray method and his discovery of the
magnetic moment of the proton"

NANOSPINTRONICS WITH QUANTUM DOTS

EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE

WOLFGANG PAULI
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1945

"for the discovery of the

Exclusion Principle, also called
the Pauli Principle"

another amazing effect of the wave nature of electrons

TUNNELLING

tunnel

DIFFERENT LAYER SEQUENCES

DIFFERENT TUNNELING DEVICES
A

tunnel barrier
A B

quantum well
B A B

cascade laser
B A B

"forbidden region" for electrons

K. von Klitzing

superlattice,, Bragg mirror

A BA BA BA BA BA B

allowed electron states

Nobel Prize in Physics 1973

Semiconductor
Heterostructures,
Esaki diode

"for their experimental

discoveries regarding
tunnelling phenomena in
semiconductors and
superconductors,
respectively"

Leo Esaki

Ivar Giaever

"for his theoretical predictions of the

properties of a supercurrent through a
tunnel barrier, in particular those
phenomena which are generally known
as the Josephson effects"

Brian David Josephson

Nobel Prize in Physics 1986

"for his fundamental work in

electron optics, and for the design
of the first electron microscope"

Ernst Ruska

"for their design of the scanning

tunnelling microscope"

Gerd Binnig

Heinrich Rohrer

revolution of tunnelling: Scanning Tunnelling Microscope

STM

tip
surface

tip motion ..

STM observing surfaces

silicon
nickel

3 Angstroms = 0.3 nm

pick and place atoms

interfering waves
of electrons

round stadium

Kanji for ATOM

square stadium

Semiconductor light emitting diodes LED

Blue light LED based on GaN
White light = Solid State Lighting

Nobel Prize in Physics 2014

Prize motivation: "for the invention of efficient
blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled
bright and energy-saving white light sources""

Hiroshi Amano

Akasaki

Nakamura

Discovery of new states of matter

Topological insulator
two dimensional electron gas
in a strong magnetic field
resistance standart- von Klitzing
Nobel 1985
Composite Fermions
in the fractional Quantum Hall effect
Stormer,Laughlin, Tsui
Nobel 1998

Discovery of new states of matter

Graphene and Dirac Fermions
Geim and Novoselov
Nobel 2010

Many challenges remain

This is why we are in this class

QUANTUM THEORY OF
MANY ELECTRONS

QUANTUM STATE/QUANTUM REGISTER

1
1

1
2

1
3

1
6

10

11

12

24

= 2 10
10

How Many Configurations? 12

5 = 792

Number of atoms on Earth?

bits

240

100

= 10

70

resources

QUANTUM THEORY OF ELECTRONS

HUGE HILBERT SPACE

QUANTUM THEORY OF ELECTRONS

HUGE HILBERT SPACE-DISCOVERY OF A NEW WORLD
CONTROLLING
COMPUTER SMALL
SCIENCE IS QUANTUM
SYSTEMS
WHERE PHYSICS
WAS BEFORED.WINELAND
NEWTON S.HAROCHE
2012 NOBEL
QUANTUM
PRIZE
COMPUTER
SCIENCE

QUANTUM
TECHNOLOGIES

QCOMP
QCRYPTO
QMETRO

TRAN
SISTOR
DENSITY
INFO
FUNCTIONAL
COMM
THEORY:
LASER
SEMI
MATERIALS
CONDUCTOR
SOLAR TECHNO
LOGY
CELL
CORRELATED
(ICT)
ELECTRONS:
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY OPTICAL
SUPERFLUIDITY
FIBER
FERROMAGNETISM
BEC,FQHE

SO MUCH TO DISCOVER IN
NANOMATERIALS
QUANTUM INFORMATION
QUANTUM COMPUTER, CYBERSECURITY
NANO-PHOTOVOLTAICSARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESISLIGHTING-POWER DISTRIBUTION
NANO-BIO
LAB-ON-CHIP , CURE FOR CANCER?

QUANTUM MECHANICS
WHY QUANTUM PHYSICS? SUMMARY
FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS:
ELECTRON, SPIN,
SCHRODINGER, DIRAC,
MAJORANA,
COMPOSITE FERMION,
TUNNELING,
ENTANGLEMENT
APPLIED PHYSICS:
TRANSISTOR,LASER,
SOLAR CELL,
COMPUTER, SMART PHONE,
INTERNET , ., WEALTH