Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
In-Plant Control. Once a facilitys mass balance is completed and the sources
and loadings of various wastestreams have been determined, environmental
engineers should consider options for controlling and reducing pollutants to
reduce the con- centrations and volumes of wastestreams that need
pretreatment.
Water Conservation and Recycling. Efforts to conserve and recycle water
should be incorporated into a waste minimization program or initiated as a
separate activity with its own specific goals
Pretreatment. Industrial wastewater may need pretreatment before discharge
to a POTW for several reasons.
o Physical Separation. Physical separation processes typically include
flow equalization, screening, sedimentation, flotation, filtration,
aeration, and adsorption.
o Chemical Pretreatment. Chemical pretreatment processes typically
include pH neutralization, chemical precipitation, oxidation-reduction,
and ion exchange.
o Biological Pretreatment. Biological pretreatment may be used to
reduce BOD or suspended solids loads, degrade potentially toxic
organic compounds, or reduce nutrient levels in industrial wastewater.
Cross-Media Pollutants. When selecting pretreatment options, cross-media
pollutant generation must be considered. Many pretreatment facilities
generate sludge that requires handling, treatment, and disposal.
Safety Considerations. Selecting pretreatment options also involves safety
considerations. If incorrectly installed, inadequately maintained, or