Sie sind auf Seite 1von 4

Reduce high disposal costs,

Improve production rates,


Improve worker safety, and
Obtain industry certification
INCLUSIVE PLANNING. The most reasonable solution can only be found if all
stakeholders are included in the planning. If the waste-minimization program is a
public relations response, then the planning team must include marketing or
corporate relations staff.
PRODUCT CHARACTERIZATION FOR WASTE MINIMIZATION. The best way to minimize
waste is not to generate it. The waste-minimization team should evaluate
production techniques and determine whether the facility can improve
housekeeping; alter process technology; change materials; reformulate product(s);
or recycle, recover, or reuse wastes before a pretreatment system is built.
-

Improving Plant Operations. Housekeeping and preventive maintenance


control wastes inexpensively.
Altering Process Technology. Changes in process technology may include
modernization, modification, and better equipment controls.
Material Substitution. Facilities often can replace volatile solvents with less
volatile ones, or non-degradable materials with biodegradable ones.
Product Reformulation. Sometimes products can be reformulated with more
environmentally friendly ingredients.
Recycle/Recovery/Reuse. This method is typically used to maximize the use
ofexpensive materials.
Pretreatment. Pretreatment is a necessary for minimizing pollution in
wastewater generated by specific industries

WASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND WASTE GENERATION. Waste characterization goes


hand-in-hand with product characterization and is a base line for any changes made
to the production process.
-

In-Plant Survey. Detailed information on the facilitys wastewater provides a


baseline to help staff evaluate the effect of future production growth, waterconservationefforts, or changing regulatory requirements.
Identifying Categorical Wastestreams. Any wastestreams covered by
categorical pretreatment standards should further be identified as subject to
production Identifying Wastewater-Generating Operations. The team should
identify both
wastestreams directly attributable to various processes and those generated
via cross-media pollution control effortsbased standards, combined
wastestream calculations, or both.
Preparing Mass Balances. The information obtained from the in-plant survey
of wastewater-generating operations is used to prepare mass balances of the
facilitys flows and wasteloads.

o - In-pabrik Survey. Informasi lengkap mengenai air limbah fasilitas ini


memberikan dasar untuk membantu staf mengevaluasi efek dari pertumbuhan di
masa depan produksi, air conservationefforts, atau mengubah persyaratan
peraturan.
- Mengidentifikasi Kategoris Wastestreams. Apa wastestreams dicakup oleh
standar pretreatment kategoris harus lebih diidentifikasi sebagai subjek untuk
produksi Mengidentifikasi limbah-Membangkitkan Operasi. tim harus
mengidentifikasi kedua
- Wastestreams diatribusikan secara langsung dengan berbagai proses dan yang
dihasilkan melalui standar lintas media pengendalian pencemaran effortsbased,
perhitungan wastestream gabungan, atau keduanya.
- Mempersiapkan Saldo Mass. Informasi yang diperoleh dari survei di-tanaman
operasi air limbah menghasilkan digunakan untuk mempersiapkan saldo massa
arus fasilitas dan wasteloads.
GENERATE OPTIONS AND PRIORITIZE SOLUTIONS. The waste management team
should provide facility managers with several alternatives and prioritize them so
informed decisions can be made.
Menghasilkan PILIHAN DAN Prioritaskan SOLUSI. Tim pengelolaan limbah
harus menyediakan manajer fasilitas dengan beberapa alternatif dan
memprioritaskan mereka sehingga keputusan dapat dibuat.
-

In-Plant Control. Once a facilitys mass balance is completed and the sources
and loadings of various wastestreams have been determined, environmental
engineers should consider options for controlling and reducing pollutants to
reduce the con- centrations and volumes of wastestreams that need
pretreatment.
Water Conservation and Recycling. Efforts to conserve and recycle water
should be incorporated into a waste minimization program or initiated as a
separate activity with its own specific goals
Pretreatment. Industrial wastewater may need pretreatment before discharge
to a POTW for several reasons.
o Physical Separation. Physical separation processes typically include
flow equalization, screening, sedimentation, flotation, filtration,
aeration, and adsorption.
o Chemical Pretreatment. Chemical pretreatment processes typically
include pH neutralization, chemical precipitation, oxidation-reduction,
and ion exchange.
o Biological Pretreatment. Biological pretreatment may be used to
reduce BOD or suspended solids loads, degrade potentially toxic
organic compounds, or reduce nutrient levels in industrial wastewater.
Cross-Media Pollutants. When selecting pretreatment options, cross-media
pollutant generation must be considered. Many pretreatment facilities
generate sludge that requires handling, treatment, and disposal.
Safety Considerations. Selecting pretreatment options also involves safety
considerations. If incorrectly installed, inadequately maintained, or

improperly used, electrical and mechanical equipment can cause electrical


shock or other bodily injury.
Offsite Pretreatment. When formulating pretreatment strategies, offsite
alternatives should also be considered. Offsite pretreatment typically means
removing all or part of a facilitys wastewater to another location and
pretreating there so it is suitable for disposal.
Residue Management (Disposal). Industry will always generate residues that
are environmentally irreducible. Many companies directly discharge to a
POTW, or provide some pretreatment before discharge to a POTW.
- In-Tanaman Control. Setelah saldo massa fasilitas ini selesai dan
sumber dan beban dari berbagai wastestreams telah ditentukan,
insinyur lingkungan harus mempertimbangkan opsi untuk
mengendalikan dan mengurangi polusi untuk mengurangi centrations
con dan volume wastestreams yang perlu pretreatment.
- Konservasi Air dan Daur Ulang. Upaya pelestarian dan mendaur ulang
air harus dimasukkan ke dalam program minimisasi limbah atau
dimulai sebagai kegiatan yang terpisah dengan tujuan sendiri yang
spesifik
- Pretreatment. air limbah industri mungkin perlu pretreatment
sebelum dibuang ke POTW karena beberapa alasan.
o Pemisahan fisik. proses pemisahan fisik biasanya meliputi
pemerataan aliran, skrining, sedimentasi, flotasi, filtrasi, aerasi, dan
adsorpsi.
o Kimia Pretreatment. proses pretreatment kimia biasanya meliputi
netralisasi pH, presipitasi kimia, oksidasi-reduksi, dan pertukaran ion.
o Biologi Pretreatment. pretreatment biologi dapat digunakan untuk
mengurangi BOD atau padatan tersuspensi beban, mendegradasi
senyawa organik yang berpotensi beracun, atau mengurangi kadar
nutrisi dalam air limbah industri.
- Lintas Media Polutan. Ketika memilih opsi pretreatment, lintas media
generasi polutan harus dipertimbangkan. Banyak fasilitas pretreatment
menghasilkan lumpur yang memerlukan penanganan, pengobatan,
dan pembuangan.
- Pertimbangan Keamanan. Memilih opsi pretreatment juga melibatkan
pertimbangan keselamatan. Jika tidak terpasang dengan benar, tidak
cukup dipertahankan, atau tidak layak digunakan, peralatan listrik dan
mekanik dapat menyebabkan sengatan listrik atau luka-luka lainnya.
- Offsite Pretreatment. Ketika merumuskan strategi pretreatment,
alternatif offsite juga harus dipertimbangkan. pretreatment offsite
biasanya berarti menghapus semua atau sebagian dari air limbah
fasilitas untuk lokasi lain dan pretreating ada sehingga sangat cocok
untuk pembuangan.
- Residu Manajemen (Disposal). Industri akan selalu menghasilkan
residu yang tereduksi lingkungan. Banyak perusahaan langsung
dibuang ke POTW, atau menyediakan beberapa pretreatment sebelum
dibuang ke POTW.

PERIODIC WASTE MINIMIZATION ASSESSMENTS. The goal of any industrial


wastewater pretreatment management strategy is to achieve regulatory compliance
cost-effectively by implementing waste minimization, wastewater recycling, water
conservation, and wastewater treatment via the most appropriate treatment
processes.
ASSESS EFFECT OF PROCESS CHANGE ON PRODUCT QUALITY AND QUANTITY.
Pollution prevention may directly or indirectly focus on improving the quality or
quantity and protection of downstream processes.
CREATE A COST-ALLOCATION SYSTEM. In developing a management strategy to
control industrial wastewater from a facility, it is important to develop a
comprehensive cost analysis for the different options under consideration.
ENCOURAGE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER BETWEEN OPERATING DIVISIONS. Technology
transfer can occur on several levels. Company production may occur in several
areas of the country, and similar solutions to common problems may be directly
transferable.
PROGRAM EVALUATION, FEEDBACK, AND INCENTIVES FOR IMPROVEMENT. Each
program that is implemented should be backed up with sufficient monitoring and
cost analysis so the benefits (or lack thereof) are tracked. Successes and failures
should be transmitted by internal memorandum, meeting minutes, or company
newsletter to corporate management.
BERKALA PENILAIAN WASTE MINIMALISASI. Tujuan dari setiap limbah industri
strategi manajemen pretreatment adalah untuk mencapai kepatuhan
terhadap peraturan murah efektif dengan menerapkan minimisasi limbah,
daur ulang air limbah, konservasi air, dan pengolahan air limbah melalui
proses pengobatan yang paling tepat.
MENILAI PENGARUH PROSES PERUBAHAN PADA KUALITAS PRODUK DAN
JUMLAH. pencegahan polusi dapat langsung atau tidak langsung fokus pada
peningkatan kualitas atau kuantitas dan perlindungan proses hilir.
MENCIPTAKAN SISTEM BIAYA-ALOKASI. Dalam mengembangkan strategi
manajemen untuk mengontrol air limbah industri dari fasilitas, penting untuk
mengembangkan analisis biaya komprehensif untuk pilihan yang berbeda
dalam pertimbangan.
MENDORONG ALIH TEKNOLOGI ANTARA PEMBAGIAN OPERASI. transfer
teknologi dapat terjadi pada beberapa tingkatan. produksi perusahaan dapat
terjadi di beberapa daerah negara itu, dan solusi mirip dengan masalah
umum dapat langsung ditransfer.
PROGRAM EVALUASI, kritik, DAN INSENTIF UNTUK PERBAIKAN. Setiap program
yang dilaksanakan harus didukung dengan pemantauan yang memadai dan
analisis biaya sehingga manfaat (atau ketiadaan) dilacak. Keberhasilan dan
kegagalan harus ditularkan oleh memorandum internal menit rapat, atau
newsletter perusahaan kepada manajemen perusahaan.

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen