BIOMOLECULES

15. Match the following Columns and choose the correct match is
Column - I
Column - II
A) a - Keratin
p) Hydrolyses sugar to glucose and fructose
B) Haemoglobin
q) Structural protein
C) Antibodies
r) Protects against diseases
D) Invertase
s) Globural protein
16. Match the following Columns and choose the correct match is
Column - I
Column - II
A) Adenine
p) Purine
B) Thymine
q) Pyrimidine
C) Uracil
r) RNA
D) Ribose

s) DNA

EXERCISE - 1

A
1. Which of the following compound is a
HOCH2

a)

OH

OH

OH

OH

H
OH

H
HO

OH

HOCH2

HO

b)

OH

O
H

c)

HOCH2

CH2OH

-aldopenta furanose ?

OH

O
H

d)
CH2OH

H
HO

HO

2. Which of the following disaccharides is a non- reducing sugar ?

CH2OH

a)

HO
HO

O
HO

CH2 OH

c)

OH

HO

CH2OH

CH2 OH

OH

b)

HO
HO

CH2OH

H
HO

d)
O

CH2 OH

HO

OH
OH

O
HO

HO
HO

CH2 OH

H
HO

HO
HO

HO
HO
HO

O
CH2
H
HO
HO

O
OH
HO

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BIOMOLECULES
3. Compound A C5H10O4 is oxidised by Br2 H2O to the acid C5H10O5 which readily forms a lactone.
'A' forms a triacetate with Ac2O and an osazone with PhNHNH2. 'A' is oxidised by HIO4., only
one molecule of which is consumed. The structure of A is
CHO
CHO
CHO
CHO
H3C
OH b) H

OH

H
OH c) H

OH

a) H C
3

OH
CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

OH

d) H
H

OH
OH
CH3

4. Which of the following gives an optically inactive aldaric acid on oxidation with dilute Nitric acid
CHO

CHO

OH

H
a) HO

OH
H

HO
b) HO

CH2OH

OH

HO
H
H c) H

H
OH

OH

Et ONa

a) Fructose

H 2 SO 4

b) Mannose

CHO

d)

HO
H
H

OH
OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH 3 NO 2

5. D-glucose

CHO

H 2 / Ni

CH2OH

C . The final product 'C' is

c) aldoheptose

d) aldopentose

6. Two aldopentoses 'X' and 'Y' give the same osazone derivative 'X' is oxidised to an optically
active aldaric acid by dil. HNO3. Ruff degradation of 'Y' gave a tetrose which was similarly oxidised
to an optically active aldaric acid. Choose the structures of 'X' and 'Y' from the following
CHO

CHO
H

I) H
H

OH

OH
OH

II) HO

H
OH

CH2OH

HO

III) HO
H

CH2OH

a) X = I, Y = IV

b) X = III, Y = II

CHO

CHO

OH

c) X = IV, Y = I

H
H
OH

HO

IV)

CH2OH

H
H

OH
OH
CH2OH

d) X = II, Y = III

7. Peptides are composed of amino acids joined by amide bonds. Which of the following statement
is not correct ?
a) Amide groups are more resistant to hydrolysis than are similar ester groups
b) P p resonance stabilises the amide bond
c) Stable conformation of peptides are restricted to those having planar amide groups
d) Amide groups do not participate in hydrogen bonding interactions
COOH

8. H2N

k
. Histidine has p a 1

H
CH2

N
H

k
1.8, p a 2

k
9.2 and p a 3

6.0 . The isoelectric

point (pI) of histidine is likely to be

a) in between 1.8 and 6.0
b) in between 6.0 and 9.2

c) below 1.8

d) above 9.2
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BIOMOLECULES
9. Ninhydrin reagent reacts with a-amino acids to give a purple colour. In the reaction of ninhydrin
with phenyl alanine which of the following is responsible for this colour
H

a)

C2H5

b)

O
C 6H5

O H O

O H

CHO

c)

d)

O
C6H5

C 6 H5

10. The strecker synthesis of a-aminoacids begins with the reaction of an aldehyde with ammonium
chloride and KCN. This is followed by an acid-catalysed hydrolysis that gives the amino acid.
What functional group is hydrolysed in the second step (II)
a) An ester
b) A nitrile
c) An amide
d) An imine derivative
CH2OH

11.

HO
H

CH2OH

O
H

HO
H

H
HO

H
OH

OH

H
OH
OH

Which one of the statements concerning the equilibrium shown is true ?

a) The two structure are diastereomers of each other. Their inter conversion is called muta rotation
b) The two structures are enantiomer of each other. They have equal but opposite optical rotations and
racemize slowly at room temperature
c) The two structures are enantiomer of each other. They racemise too rapidly at room temperature for their
optical rotations to be measured.
d) The two structures are diastereomers of each other. Their inter conversions does not require breaking
and making bonds, only a change in conformation
12. A mixture of two amino acids having pI 9.60 and 5.40 can be separated
a) by adjusting the pH of the solution at 9.60
b) by adjusting the pH of the solution at 4.30
c) by adjusting the pH of the solution at 7.0
d) by adjusting the pH of the solution at 7.5
13. The tripepetide is written as Glycine - Alanine - Glycine. The correct structure of tripeptide is
H
N

a)

H2N

CH3
H
N

c)

H2N

CH3

O
N
H

COOH

b)

H2N

CH3
N
H

COOH

d)

H2N

CH3

O
N
H

CH3

H
N

CH3

H
N

COOH

CH3

N
H

COOH

14. In both DNA and RNA, heterocyclic base and phosphate ester linkages are at
a) C ' and C ' respectively of the sugar molecule b) C ' and C ' respectively of the sugar molecule
2

c)

C1 '

and

C2 ' respectively of the sugar molecule

d)

C5 '

and

C1 '

respectively of the sugar molecule

15. It is best to carry out reactions with sugars in neutral or acidic medium and not in alkaline
medium. This is because in alkaline medium sugars undergo one of the following changes
a) Racemisation
b) Decomposition c) Inversion
d) Rearrangement
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BIOMOLECULES
16. Which of the following statements is true for protein synthesis (translation) ?
a) Amino acids are directly recognised by m-RNA b) The third base of the codon is less specific
c) Only one codon codes for an amino acid d) Every t-RNA has more than one amino acid attachment
17. Two samples of DNA, A and B have M.P. 340K and 350 K respectively. This is because
a) B has more GC content than A b) A has more GC content than B
c) B has more AT content than A d) Both have same AT content
18. The helical structure of protein is stabilised by
a) dipeptide bonds
b) hydrogen bonds c) ether bonds d) peptide bonds
19. Which functional group participates in disulphide bond formation in proteins ?
a) Thioether
b) Thiol
c) Thioester
d) Thiolactone
20. Sanger's reagent is used for the identification of
a) N-terminal of a peptide chain
b) C-terminal of a peptide chain
c) Side chain of amino acids
d) Molecular weight of the peptide chain
21. Which of the following reagents is used to determine the C-terminal end in a polypeptide?
a) Hydrazine
b) 2, 4 - D.N.P.
c) 2, 4 - dinitrofluro benzene
d) 3, 5 - difluoro nitrobenzene
22. For osazone formation the effective structural unit necessary is
CH 2 OCH3
|

a) CO
|

CH 2 OH
|

CH 2 OH
|

b) CO

c) CHOCH
3

CHO
|

d) CHOCH
3
|

23. Which of the following structures for a nucleotide is not correct ?

a) Cytosine - ribose - phosphate
b) Uracil - 2 - deoxyribose - phosphate
c) Uracil - ribose - phosphate
d) Thymine - 2 - deoxyribose - phosphate
COOH
H . In which of the

24. L-amino acids found in proteins is represented by the formula H2N

amino acids R contains a basic group
a) Cysteine
b) Lysine

R
c) Aspartic acid

d) Valine

25. Which parts of amino acids molecules are linked through hydrogen bonds in the secondary
structure of proteins ?
a) COOR group

b) NHCH3 group c) C NH group

||

d) OH group

EXERCISE - 2

A
1. The hemiacetal form of glucose is indicated by
a) Reaction with AC2O
b) Oxidation with Tollen's reagent
c) Reduction with P/HI
d) Glycoside formation
2. Glucosazone is osazone derivative very similar to that formed from
a) Fructose
b) Galactose
c) Mannose
d) Glucose

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BIOMOLECULES

3. Which of the following is not correct regarding sucrose ?

a) Acid catalysed hydrolysis of sucrose yields 1 mole of D-glucose and 1 mole of L-fructose
b) It gives negative test with Benedict's solution
c) It does not form osazone derivative
d) It undergoes muta rotation
4. Choose correct statement(s) ?
a) Amino acids can exist as dipolar ions
b) Cationic form and anionic form are conjugate acid -base pairs
c) Cationic form exists predominantly at very low pH.
d) Dipolar form of amino acid do not migrate towards any electric pole at pH 7
5. Which of the following are essential amino acids
a) Phenyl alanine
b) Alanine
c) Threonine
d) Lysine
6. The nucleotide adenosine triphosphate contains
a) Ribose
b) Phosphoric acid
c) Adenine
d) a- deoxyribose
7. Choose the correct statement
a) In basic aqueous solutions, glycosides do not show muta rotation
b) In acidic aqueous solutions, glycosides show muta rotation
c) Glucose and fructose are diastereomers
d) Glycoside is a reducing sugar
8.

(c)
Which of the following statements is/are correct ?
(pKa1 = 2.3, pKa2 = 9.7)
a) at pH = 2.3, half of A is converted into B
b) at pH = 6, (C) is at its maximum
c) at pH = 6, the solution on having the above equilibrium becomes non conducting
d) pH = 9.7 is called iso electric point
9.

D Glucopyranose and D-gluco pyranose are

a) Anomers
b) Epimers
c) Diastereomers

d) Enantiomers

CHO
H

10. HO
H

OH

is subjected to Killiani- Fisher synthesis. The product formed is

H
OH
CH2OH

CHO

CHO
H
a) H
HO
H

CHO

OH
OH
H
OH
CH2OH

HO
b)
H

HO
H
H
c)
OH
HO
H
CH2OH

CHO

HO
OH
d) H
H
H
OH

CH2OH

H
OH
OH
CH2OH
: 205 :

BIOMOLECULES
11. If D- glucaric acid is allowed to undergo intra molecular esterification the compound(s) formed
is /are
O
H

a) HO
H
H

C
OH O
b)
H
O
OH
COOH

C
OH

H c) HO
H
OH
H
OH

O
H
O H
C O

C
OH
H
O

O d) It cannot form a lactone

OH
CH2OH

EXERCISE - 3

C
I. Complete hydrolysis of a heptapeptide showed that it had the following molecular formula :
Ala2, Glu, Leu, Lys, Phe, Val
Treatment of the heptapeptide with 2, 4- dinitro fluorobenzene followed by incomplete hydrolysis
gave, among other products : valine labelled at the a-amino group, lysine labelled at the a-amino
group, and a dipeptide. DNP -Val. Leu (DNP = 2, 4 - dinitrophenyl )
1. Hydrolysis of the heptapeptide with carboxypeptidase gave an initial high concentration of alanine,
followed by a rising concentration of glutamic acid. The probable amino acid sequence consists
of
a) ValineN terminal; alanine - C- terminal
b) ValineN terminal; glutamine - C- terminal
c) AlanineN terminal; valine - C- terminal
d) ValineN terminal; lysine- C- terminal
2. Partial enzymatic hydrolysis of the heptapeptide gave a dipeptide A and tripeptide, B. Complete
hydrolysis of B gave phenyl alanine, glutamic acid and alanine. When B was allowed to react with
carboxypeptidase, the solution showed an initial high concentration of glutamic acid. Treatment
of B with 2,4- dinitro fluorobenzene followed by hydrolysis gave labelled phenyl alanine. Thus
the tripeptide B is
a) Glu, Ala, Phe
b) Phe, Ala, Glu
c) Ala, Glu, Phe
d) Phe, Glu, Ala
3. The amino acid sequence of heptapeptide is
a) Val. Leu. Lys. Ala. Phe. Glu. Ala.
b) Val. Glu. Lys. Phe. Ala. Leu. Ala.
c) Val. Leu. Lys. Phe. Ala. Glu. Ala.
d) Ala. Glu. Lys. Ala. Phe. Leu. Val.
II. There are three aldohexoses, A, B and C. Compounds A and B yield the same optically active alditol
when they are reduced with hydrogen and catalyst; A and B yield different phenylosazones when
treated with phenyl hydrazine; B and C give the same phenylosazone but different alditols. A, B and
C all are D-sugars
1. The aldohexose A is
CHO
OH
H
H
OH
a) H
OH b)
H
OH
CH2OH

HO
HO
HO
H

CHO
H

HO

H
H

HO
c)
H
H

OH
CH2OH

CHO
H

H
d) HO
OH
HO
OH
H
CH2OH

CHO
OH
H
H
OH
CH2OH
: 206 :

BIOMOLECULES
2. The aldohexose B is
CHO
OH
H
H
a) H
H

CHO

HO

OH
HO
OH b) HO
OH
H
CH2OH

CHO

HO

H
H
H

c)

OH
CH2OH

HO
H
H

CHO

H
H
OH
OH
CH2OH

OH

HO
d) HO
H

H
H
OH
CH2OH

3. The aldohexose 'C" is

CHO

OH

H
a) H
H

OH
OH
OH
CH2OH

CHO

HO

HO
b) HO
H

H
H

CHO

HO

c)

OH
CH2OH

HO
H
H

HO
d) HO
H

H
OH
OH
CH2OH

CHO
OH
H
H
OH
CH2OH

III. An or dinar y D (+) glucose has melting point 146C and specific rotation, [ ]D25 = +112. One
another form of D(+) glucose has melting point 150C and specific rotation [ ]D25 = +18.7. The
two forms have significantly different optical rotations but when an aqueous solution of either
form is allowed to stand, its rotation changes. The specific rotation of one form decreases and
rotation of other increases, with both solutions show the same value e.g., +52.7. This change in
rotation towards an equilibrium value is called mutarotation.
OH

OH

OH

HO
H
H

HO
HO

25
D

CHO

OH

112

OH

H
OH

HO
HO

OH
OH

OH
CH2OH

( )25
D

18.7

1. Mutarotation is characteristic feature of

a) epimers
b) enantiomers
c) anomers
d) ring-chain isomers
2. Two significant forms which exhibit mutarotation are assigned
and
- forms. For mannose,
the mutarotation can be shown is brief as follows :
OH
OH

OH
OH

HO
HO
OH

HO
HO

O
OH

Which form of mannose exists predominantly in aqueous form ?

a)

- form

b)

3. When percentage of
a) 50%

-form

c) open chain form

d) none of these

D - (+) glucopyranose is found at equilibrium in the aqueous solution ?

b)

100%

c) 36%

d) 64%

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BIOMOLECULES
IV. All monosaccharides (both aldoses and ketoses) containing five or six carbon atoms can have
two cyclic structures namely furanose and the pyranose form. Due to cyclic nature, the carbon
atom of the aldehyde/keto group of the monosaccharide becomes chiral and consequently each
monosacharide whether in the pyranose or the furanose form exists in two stereoisomeric forms
called the
- and the - anomer. In case, the two stereoisomers differ in configuration at a
chiral carbon other than the anomeric carbon, then they are called epimers.
1. Which set of terms correctly identifies the carbohydrates shown ?
H
OH
HOH2C

1) Pentose 2) Hexose
3) Aldose
a) 1, 3 and 6
b) 1, 3 and 5
2.

-D-(+) - glucose and

a) Enantiomers

OH

O
H

H
H

HO

4) Ketose
5) Pyranose
6) Furanose
c) 2, 3 and 5
d) 2, 3 and 6

-D(+)-glucose are

b) Geometrical isomers

3. Glucose and galactose are

a) anomers
b) C2-epimers

c) Epimers

d) Anomers

c) C3-epimers d) C4-epimers

V. A protein with a specific biological activity has a unique three-dimensional structure called its
native shape. When a protein in its native form is subjected to changes of temperature or pH or
is exposed to heavy metal salts such as Hg 2+, Pb2+, etc., the native shape of the protein is
destroyed and biological activity is lost. Such a protein is called denatured protein. In most of
the cases, the process of denaturation is irreversible but in some cases it may also be reversible.
1. Cheese is a
a) Globular protein

b) Conjugated protein

c) Denatured protein

d) Derived protein

2. Mark the wrong statement about denaturation of proteins

a) The primary structure of the protein does not change b) Globular proteins are converted into fibrous proteins
c) Fibrous proteins are converted into globular proteins d) The biological activity of the protein is destroyed
3. Denaturation of proteins leads to loss of its biological activity by
a) Formation of amino acids
b) Loss of primary structure
c) Loss of both primary and secondary structures d) Loss of both secondary and tertiary structures
VI. Polynucleotides are called nucleic acids. Each nucleotide is made up of three parts, i.e., a pentose
sugar, a heterocyclic nitrogenous base and phosphoric acid. Depending upon the nature of sugar
whether, ribose or 2-deoxyribose, nucleic acids are called RNA and DNA respectively. In all,
there are five nitrogenous bases, two of which are purines while the remaining three are
pyrimidines. Out of these five bases, each type of nucleic acid has four of them.
1. Which of the following sets of bases is present both in DNA and RNA ?
a) Adenine, uracil, thymine
b) Adenine, guanine, cytosine
c) Adenine, guanine, uracil
d) Adenine, guanine, thymine
2. Which base is found only in the nucleotides of RNA ?
a) Adenine
b) Uracil c) Guanine
d) Cytosine
3. In nucleic acids, the nucleotides are linked to one another through
a) Hydrogen bond
b) Peptide bond
c) Glycosidic linkage
d) Phosphate groups
: 208 :