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BrowseHomeIC741,opamp,SolarProjectsSimpleSolarTrackerSystemMechanismandControlCircuit
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SimpleSolarTrackerSystemMechanismand
ControlCircuitExplained
Postedbyhitmanat1:33PM

Thecircuitandthemechanismexplained
inthisarticlemaybeconsideredasthe

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EasiestSingleAxis
SolarTracker
CircuitSystem
I/VTrackerCircuit
forSolarMPPT
Applications

easiestandperfectdualaxissolartracker
system.

Thedeviceisabletotrackthedaytime
motionofthesunpreciselyandshiftin
theverticalaxisaccordingly.

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MosquitoKiller
Circuit
SimpleSolarMPPT
CircuitPart1

Thedevicealsoeffectivelytracksthe
seasonaldisplacementofthesunand
movestheentiremechanisminthe

HowtoMake
SimpleSolar
CookeratHome

horizontalplaneorinalateralmotionsuchthattheorientationofthesolarpanelisalways
keptinastraightaxistothesunsothatitcomplementstheverticalactionsofthetracker
appropriately.

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EnergyGenerator
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MPPTvsSolar
Tracker
Differences
ProximityDetector
CircuitUsingIC555

SimpleSolar
BatteryCharger
Circuit
Solar

Asshowninthefigure,arelativelyeasymechanismcanbewitnessedhere.Thesolar
trackerisbasicallymountedoveracoupleofstandwithacentralmovableaxis.

Thepivotalarrangementallowsthepanelmountstomoveonacircularaxisoveralmost
360degrees.

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Inverter/Charger
CircuitforScience
BuildaSolarPanel
VoltageRegulator,
Charger...


Amotorgearmechanismasshowninthediagramisfittedjustatthecornerofthepivotal
axisinsuchawaythatwhenthemotorrotatestheentiresolarpanelshiftsproportionately
aboutitscentralpivot,eitheranticlockwiseorclockwise,dependinguponthemotionofthe

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CircuitDiagram
SolarTracker

motorwhichinturndependsonthepositionofthesun.

ThepositionoftheLDRsarecriticalhereandthesetofLDRwhichcorrespondstothis
verticalplanemovementissopositionedthatitsensesthesunlightaccuratelyandtriesto
keepthepanelperpendiculartothesunraysbymovingthemotorintheappropriate

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CircuitDesign
CircuitSchematic

directionthroughadefinitenumberofsteppedrotations.

TheLDRsensingisactuallyaccuratelyreceivedandinterpretedbyanelectroniccircuit
whichcommandsthemotorfortheaboveexplainedactions.

Anothermechanismwhichisquitesimilartotheaboveverticalsetting,butmovesthe
panelthroughalateralmotionorratheritmovesthewholesolarpanelmountincircular
motionoverthehorizontalplane.

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Thismotiontakesplaceinresponsetothepositionofthesunduringtheseasonal

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changes,thereforeincontrasttotheverticalmovementsthisoperationisverygradualand

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cannotbeexperiencedonadailybasis.

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Againtheabovemotionisinresponsetothecommandgiventothemotorbytheelectronic
circuitwhichoperatesinresponsetothesensingdonebytheLDRs.

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FortheaboveprocedureadifferentsetofLDRsareusedandaremountedhorizontally

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overthepanel,ataspecificpositionasshowninthediagram.

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HowtheSolarTrackerControlCircuitFunctions

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Acarefulinvestigationofthecircuitshowninthediagramrevealsthatthewhole
configurationisactuallyverysimpleandstraightforward.HereasingleIC324isutilized
andonlytwoofitsopampsareemployedfortherequiredoperations.

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Theopampsareprimarilywiredtoformakindofwindowcomparator,responsiblefor

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activatingtheiroutputswhenevertheirinputswaverordriftoutofthepredetermined

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window,setbytherelevantpots.

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TwoLDRsareconnectedtotheinputsoftheopampsforsensingthelightlevels.

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AslongasasthelightsoverthetwoLDRsareuniform,theoutputsoftheopampremain

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deactivated.

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HoweverthemomentoneoftheLDRssensesadifferentmagnitudeoflightoverit(which
mayhappenduetothechangingpositionofthesun)thebalanceovertheinputofthe

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opampshifttowardonedirection,immediatelymakingtherelevantopampsoutputgohigh.

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Thishighoutputinstantlyactivatesthefullbridgetransistornetwork,whichinturnrotates

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theconnectedmotorinasetdirection,suchthatthepanelrotatesandadjustsits

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alignmentwiththesunraysuntiluniformamountoflightisrestoredovertherelevantsetof

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LDRs.

OncethelightlevelovertherelevantLDRsetsisrestored,theopampsagainbecome

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dormantandswitchofftheiroutputsandalsothemotor.

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positionandtheabovemechanismkeepsshiftinginaccordancetothesunsposition.

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Itshouldbenotedthattwosetsoftheaboveexplainedcircuitassemblieswillberequired
forcontrollingthedualactionsorsimplytomaketheabovediscusseddualtrackersolar

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R3=15K,
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LDR=Normaltypewitharesistanceofaround10Kto40Kindaylightundershadeand

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infiniteresistanceincompletedarkness.

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OpampsarefromIC324orseparatelytwo741ICsmayalsobeincorporated.
T1,T3=TIP31C,
T2,T4=TIP32C,
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automaticallywhendawnsetsinorinthemorningdaylight.

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ThismightbetrueduetothefactthattheLDRsarepositionedinsideenclosureswhich

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arespecfiiallydesignedina"V"shapeforfacilitatingthisaction.

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Fromthereflectionofoftherisingsunlight,duringmorninghourstheskygetsmore
illuminatedthantheground.SincetheLDRsarepositionedin"V"manner,theLDRwhich

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facesmoretowardtheskyreceivesmorelightthantheLDRwhichfacestowardthe
ground.Thissituationactivatesthemotorintheoppositedirection,suchthatitforcesthe
paneltorevertintheearlymorninghours.

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Asthepanelrevertstowardstheeast,therelevantLDRbeginsgettingexposedtoeven

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moreambientlightfromtherisingsunlight,thispushesthepanelevenhardertowardthe

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eastuntilbothLDRarealmostproportionatelyexposedtowardtheeastrisingsunlight,this

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completelyresetsthepanelsothattheprocessbeginsalloveragain.

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SetResetFunction

Incaseasetresetfeaturebecomesimperative,thefollowingdesignmaybeincorporated.

Thesetswitchisplacedatthe"sunset"endofthetracker,suchthatitgetsdepressed
whenthepanelfinishesit'sdaystracking.

Ascanbeseeninthebelowgivenfigure,thesupplytothetrackercircuitisbeengiven
fromtheN/CpointsoftheDPDTrelay,itmeanswhenthe'SET"switchispushed,therelay
activatesanddisconnectsthesupplytothecircuitsothattheentirecircuitshowninthe
abovearticlenowgetsdisconnectedanddoesnotinterfere.

Atthesametime,themotorreceivesthereversingvoltageviatheN/Ocontactssothatit
caninitiatethereversingprocessofthepaneltoitsoriginalposition.

Oncethepanelfinishesitsreversingprocesstowardthe"sunrise"end,itpushesthereset
switchplacedsuitablysomewhereatthatend,thisactiondeactivatestherelayagain
resettingtheentiresystemforthenextcycle.

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